“冲突转化”:超越“中国式邻避”的新路径——基于对典型案例的历时观察
|
摘要
"一建就反、一反就停"的"中国式邻避"是当前我国公共治理中的棘手课题。目前,政府尝试通过环境评价、公众参与、经济补偿等策略处置或化解冲突,却效果有限。针对于此,本文通过对三起典型案例的历时观察,构建了"中国式邻避"破局的新路径:冲突转化,并凝练出实现转化的五个维度、内外动力及双重局限。研究显示,相较于传统的"处置"与"化解"路径,"转化"思维不仅提升维权的理性程度,同时也有助于环境治理、民主政治、公民培育等议题实现,进而超越"只破不立"的"中国式邻避"。但因冲突转化有赖于诸多条件的耦合,如何增强其覆盖性与可持续性,还有待进一步探索。
" Chinese-style Nimby" is a thorny issue in China's current public governance. At present,the government tried to deal with or resolve conflicts through environmental assessment,public participation,economic compensation and other strategies,but the effect is limited. In view of this,this paper constructs a new way named conflict transformation which concludes five dimensions,internal and external dynamics and dual characteristics to break "Chinese-style Nimby". The research shows that,compared with traditional approaches of "conflict settlement"and "conflict resolution","conflict transformation"thinking not only promotes the rationalization and institutionalization of the struggle for rights protection,but also contributes to the realization of environmental governance,democracy,citizen cultivation and other issues,thus transcending the "Chinese-style Nimby". However,as the transformation of conflicts requires the coupling and cooperation of many conditions,how to realize the expansion from the local to the whole and improve the sustainability remains to be further explored.
" Chinese-style Nimby" is a thorny issue in China's current public governance. At present,the government tried to deal with or resolve conflicts through environmental assessment,public participation,economic compensation and other strategies,but the effect is limited. In view of this,this paper constructs a new way named conflict transformation which concludes five dimensions,internal and external dynamics and dual characteristics to break "Chinese-style Nimby". The research shows that,compared with traditional approaches of "conflict settlement"and "conflict resolution","conflict transformation"thinking not only promotes the rationalization and institutionalization of the struggle for rights protection,but also contributes to the realization of environmental governance,democracy,citizen cultivation and other issues,thus transcending the "Chinese-style Nimby". However,as the transformation of conflicts requires the coupling and cooperation of many conditions,how to realize the expansion from the local to the whole and improve the sustainability remains to be further explored.
引文
[1][28]何艳玲.“中国式”邻避冲突:基于事件的分析[J].开放时代,2009(12).
[2]玛利亚·考西斯.南欧地方环境团体、行动和主张[A].克里斯托弗·卢兹.西方环境运动:地方、国家和全球向度[C].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.149.
[3][24]Fischer M,Giessmann H J,Schmelzle B.Trans forming Ethnopolitical Conflict:The Bergh of Hand book,2004.
[4]Burton,J.W.Systems,States,Diplomacy and Rules.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1969.
[5]Skinner,A..Conflict Resolution vs Conflict Transformation.http://02e1cd2.netsolhost.com/wordpressDE/2010/12/03/conflict-resolution-or-conflicttransformation/,on December 3rd,2010./
[6][33]郎友兴,薛晓婧.“私民社会”:解释中国式“邻避”运动的新框架[J].探索与争鸣,2015(12).
[7]侯光辉,王元地.“邻避风险链”:邻避危机演化的一个风险解释框架[J].公共行政评论,2015(1).
[8]赵小燕.邻避冲突参与动机及其治理:基于三种人性假设的视角[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(2).
[9]马奔,王昕程,卢慧梅.当代中国邻避冲突治理的策略选择--基于对几起典型邻避冲突案例的分析[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(3)
[10]张乐,童星.“邻避冲突”中的议程设置--基于R市的实证研究[J].行政论坛,2015(1).
[11]何平立,沈瑞英.资源、体制与行动:当前中国环境保护社会运动析论[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),2012(1).
[12]郇庆治.“政治机会结构”视角下的中国环境运动及其战略选择[J].南京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(4).
[13]刘立灿.或被污名的“邻避”[EB/OL].http://www.qstheory.cn/zl/bkjx/201306/t20130608_238621.htm
[14]郭巍青,陈晓运.风险社会的环境异议--以广州市民反对垃圾焚烧厂建设为例[J].公共行政评论,2011(4).
[15]龚志文.运动式政策参与:公民与政府的理性互动--基于广州番禺反焚运动的分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2015(1).
[16]谭爽.从“环境抗争”到“环境治理”:转型路径与经验启示--对典型个案的扎根研究[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5).
[17]Gibson J W.Peasants against Globalization:Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica.American Ethnologist,2000(27).
[18]Melucci A.Liberation or Meaning?Social Movements,Culture and Democracy.Development&Change,2010,23(3).
[19]常健,张晓燕.冲突转化理论及其对公共领域冲突的适用性[J].上海行政学院学报,2013(4).
[20]Vayrynen,R.New Directions in Conflict Theory.London:Sage Publications 1991.
[21]Miall,H.Conflict Transformation:A MultiDimensional Task,http://www.berghof-handbook.net/documents/publications/miall_handbook.pdf:10.
[22]应星.草根动员与农民群体利益的表达机制--四个个案的比较研究[J].社会学研究,2007(2).
(1)该数据来自垃圾议题社会组织“零废弃联盟”2015年所撰写《中国民间垃圾议题环保组织发展报告》。
[2]玛利亚·考西斯.南欧地方环境团体、行动和主张[A].克里斯托弗·卢兹.西方环境运动:地方、国家和全球向度[C].济南:山东大学出版社,2012.149.
[3][24]Fischer M,Giessmann H J,Schmelzle B.Trans forming Ethnopolitical Conflict:The Bergh of Hand book,2004.
[4]Burton,J.W.Systems,States,Diplomacy and Rules.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1969.
[5]Skinner,A..Conflict Resolution vs Conflict Transformation.http://02e1cd2.netsolhost.com/wordpressDE/2010/12/03/conflict-resolution-or-conflicttransformation/,on December 3rd,2010./
[6][33]郎友兴,薛晓婧.“私民社会”:解释中国式“邻避”运动的新框架[J].探索与争鸣,2015(12).
[7]侯光辉,王元地.“邻避风险链”:邻避危机演化的一个风险解释框架[J].公共行政评论,2015(1).
[8]赵小燕.邻避冲突参与动机及其治理:基于三种人性假设的视角[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(2).
[9]马奔,王昕程,卢慧梅.当代中国邻避冲突治理的策略选择--基于对几起典型邻避冲突案例的分析[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014(3)
[10]张乐,童星.“邻避冲突”中的议程设置--基于R市的实证研究[J].行政论坛,2015(1).
[11]何平立,沈瑞英.资源、体制与行动:当前中国环境保护社会运动析论[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),2012(1).
[12]郇庆治.“政治机会结构”视角下的中国环境运动及其战略选择[J].南京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(4).
[13]刘立灿.或被污名的“邻避”[EB/OL].http://www.qstheory.cn/zl/bkjx/201306/t20130608_238621.htm
[14]郭巍青,陈晓运.风险社会的环境异议--以广州市民反对垃圾焚烧厂建设为例[J].公共行政评论,2011(4).
[15]龚志文.运动式政策参与:公民与政府的理性互动--基于广州番禺反焚运动的分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2015(1).
[16]谭爽.从“环境抗争”到“环境治理”:转型路径与经验启示--对典型个案的扎根研究[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2017(5).
[17]Gibson J W.Peasants against Globalization:Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica.American Ethnologist,2000(27).
[18]Melucci A.Liberation or Meaning?Social Movements,Culture and Democracy.Development&Change,2010,23(3).
[19]常健,张晓燕.冲突转化理论及其对公共领域冲突的适用性[J].上海行政学院学报,2013(4).
[20]Vayrynen,R.New Directions in Conflict Theory.London:Sage Publications 1991.
[21]Miall,H.Conflict Transformation:A MultiDimensional Task,http://www.berghof-handbook.net/documents/publications/miall_handbook.pdf:10.
[22]应星.草根动员与农民群体利益的表达机制--四个个案的比较研究[J].社会学研究,2007(2).
(1)该数据来自垃圾议题社会组织“零废弃联盟”2015年所撰写《中国民间垃圾议题环保组织发展报告》。