遮光对滇池春季藻类水华的影响
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摘要
为了研究(太阳)光强与水华藻类增殖的关系并探讨光强调节措施对水华的控制效果,2014年3-4月在滇池(草海)开展了基于围隔试验的水华早期遮光控藻效果的研究,结果显示:相比同期对照组,遮光率为85%时利于浮游植物生长且生物量升高了13.4%(5.8%~26.4%),遮光率为99%时抑制浮游植物生长且浮游植物生物量削减了28.8%(21.7%~41.5%),这与滇池高日照辐射与紫外强度及春季相对较低的水温有关;藻类组成方面,遮光99%后能提高蓝藻所占比例,且使群体微囊藻明显漂浮聚集于水体表面;遮光对藻类活性、水质等亦有一定影响。结合该研究与其它相关研究分析,水华控制中遮光率的选择需因控制目标、水华阶段性与地域特点制宜。
To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and algal proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms,enclosure experiment were conducted in Caohai,Lake Dianchi during early stages of algal bloom by regulating the natural light intensities from March to April,2014. The results showed that the shading rate of 85% was benefit for phytoplankton growth and increased the biomass of 13.4%(5.8% ~26.4%),while the shading rate of 99% could inhibit the growth of phytoplankton and decreased the biomass of 28.8%(21.7%~41.5%),which may concern with high solar radiation and UV and relatively low temperature during spring in Lake Dianchi. High shading(99%) increased the proportion of cyanobacteria,especially Microcystis,which formed significant floating population and gathered in the water surface. It was also found that shading could influence the algal photosynthesis activity and water quality to a certain extent. Finally,it is particularly important to select appropriate shading rate to control bloom with consideration of control target,time(e.g.,bloom stage)and location based on the related researches.
To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and algal proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms,enclosure experiment were conducted in Caohai,Lake Dianchi during early stages of algal bloom by regulating the natural light intensities from March to April,2014. The results showed that the shading rate of 85% was benefit for phytoplankton growth and increased the biomass of 13.4%(5.8% ~26.4%),while the shading rate of 99% could inhibit the growth of phytoplankton and decreased the biomass of 28.8%(21.7%~41.5%),which may concern with high solar radiation and UV and relatively low temperature during spring in Lake Dianchi. High shading(99%) increased the proportion of cyanobacteria,especially Microcystis,which formed significant floating population and gathered in the water surface. It was also found that shading could influence the algal photosynthesis activity and water quality to a certain extent. Finally,it is particularly important to select appropriate shading rate to control bloom with consideration of control target,time(e.g.,bloom stage)and location based on the related researches.
引文
[1]Paerl H W,Otten T G.Harmful cyanobacterial blooms:causes,consequences and controls[J].Microbial Ecology,2013,65(4):995-1010.
[2]Paerl H W,Fulton R S,Moisander P H,et al.Harmful freshwater algal blooms,with an emphasis on Cyanobacteria[J].The Scientific World Journal,2001,1:76-113.
[3]孔繁翔,高光.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):589-595.Kong Fanxiang,Gao Guang.Hypothesis on cyanobacteria bloom-forming mechanism in large shallow eutrophic lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):589-595.(in Chinese)
[4]宋立荣,张婷,郑凌凌.水华蓝藻何以肆虐[J].生命世界,2007,34(8):36-41.Song Lirong,Zhang Ting,Zheng Lingling.Why cyanobacterial blooms raging[J].Life World,2007,34(8):36-41.(in Chinese)
[5]孔繁翔,马荣华,高俊峰,等.太湖蓝藻水华的预防、预测和预警的理论与实践[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(3):314-328.Kong Fanxiang,Ma Ronghua,Gao Junfeng,et al.Theory and practice of prevention,forecast and warning on cyanobacteria bloom in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(3):314-328.(in Chinese)
[6]Jia Y,Dan J,Zhang M,et al.Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(2):254-261.
[7]李小平.蓝藻运动与水华早期预防和控制[J].自然杂志,2008,30(5):280-286.Li Xiaoping.Cyanobacteria movements and its bloom control[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2008,30(5):280-286.(in Chinese)
[8]Coles J F,Jones R C.Effect of temperature on photosynthesis-light response and growth of four phytoplankton species isolated from a tidal freshwater river[J].Journal of Phycology,2000,36(1):7-16.
[9]Huisman J,Jonker R R,Zonneveld C,et al.Competition for light between phytoplankton species:experimental tests of mechanistic theory[J].Ecology,1999,80(1):211-222.
[10]Xu K,Jiang H,Juneau P,et al.Comparative studies on the photosynthetic responses of three freshwater phytoplankton species to temperature and light regimes[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2012,24(5):1113-1122.
[11]Bormans M,Sherman B S,Webster I T.Is buoyancy regulation in cyanobacteria an adaptation to exploit separation of light and nutrients[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1999,50(8):897-906.
[12]Darley W M.Algal Biology:A Physiological Approach[M].Oxford London:Blackwell Scientific Publication,1982.
[13]Xiao Y,Gan N,Liu J,et al.Heterogeneity of buoyancy in response to light between two buoyant types of Cyanobacterium microcystis[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,679(1):297-311.
[14]Mur L R,Schreurs H.Light as a selective factor in the distribution of phytoplankton species[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,32(4):25-34.
[15]Havens K E,Phlips E J,Cichra M F,et al.Light availability as a possible regulator of cyanobacteria species composition in a shallow subtropical lake[J].Freshwater Biology,1998,39(3):547-556.
[16]Litchman E.Population and community responses of phytoplankton to fluctuating light[J].Oecologia,1998,117(1/2):247-257.
[17]Tsujimura S,Tsukada H,Nakahara H,et al.Seasonal variations of Microcystis populations in sediments of Lake Biwa,Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,434(1/2/3):183-192.
[18]Karlsson Elfgren I,Rengefors K,Gustafsson S.Factors regulating recruitment from the sediment to the water column in the bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata[J].Freshwater Biology,2004,49(3):265-273.
[19]Zhang M,Duan H,Shi X,et al.Contributions of meteorology to the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms:implications for future climate change[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):442-452.
[20]Floder S,Burns C W.The influence of fluctuating light on diversity and species number of nutrient-limited phytoplankton[J].Journal of Phycology,2005,41(5):950-956.
[21]Carneiro R L,dos Santos M E V,Pacheco A B F,et al.Effects of light intensity and light quality on growth and circadian rhythm of saxitoxins production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii(Cyanobacteria)[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2009,31(5):481-488.
[22]Mehnert G,Leunert F,Cires S,et al.Competitiveness of invasive and native cyanobacteria from temperate freshwaters under various light and temperature conditions[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2010,32(7):1009-1021.
[23]Kojima S.Corroborating study on algal control by partial shading of lake surface[J].Raw Wastewater,2000,42(5):5-12.(in Japanese)
[24]Chen X,Kong H,He S,et al.Reducing harmful algae in raw water by light-shading[J].Process Biochemistry,2009,44(3):357-360.
[25]万蕾,朱伟.不同遮光方式的抑藻效果比较研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(10):1749-1754.Wan Lei,Zhu Wei.Comparison of algae control effect through different light shading[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,3(10):1749-1754.(in Chinese)
[26]Zhou Q,Chen W,Shan K,et al.Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(3):626-635.
[27]Sheng H,Liu H,Wang C,et al.Analysis of cyanobacteria bloom in the Waihai Part of Dianchi Lake,China[J].Ecological Informatics,2012,10(0):37-48.
[28]周火艳,王崇云,彭明纯,等.滇池水华水华分形结构动态研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(2):32-35.Zhou Huoyan,Wang Congyun,Peng Mingchun,et al.Dynamics study on fractal structure of cyanobacteria bloom in Dianchi[J].2011,34(2):32-35.(in Chinese)
[29]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Jin Xiangcan,Tu Qingying.The Standard Methods for Observation and Analysis of Lake Eutrophication[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.(in Chinese)
[30]Mitchell B G,Kiefer D A.Determination of Absorption and Fluorescence Excitation Spectra for Phytoplankton.in:Marine Phytoplankton and Productivity[M].Editors:HolmHansen O,Bolis L,Gilles R.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984:157-169.
[31]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Hu Hongjun,Wei Yinxin.The Freshwater Algae of ChinaSystematics,Taxonomy and Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[32]章宗涉,黄翔飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.Zhang Zongshe,Huang Xiangfei.The Research Methods of Freshwater Plankton[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991.(in Chinese)
[33]Johnk K D,Huisman J,Sharples J,et al.Summer heat waves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(3):495-512.
[34]Qin B,Zhu G,Gao G,et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:linkage to climatic variability and lake management[J].Environmental Management,2010,45(1):105-112.
[35]Yamamoto Y.Effect of temperature on recruitment of cyanobacteria from the sediment and bloom formation in a shallow pond[J].Plankton&Benthos Research,2009,4(3):95-103.
[36]谭啸,孔繁翔,于洋,等.升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):578-582.Tan Xiao,Kong Fanxiang,Yu Yang,et al.Effects of enhanced temperature on algae recruitment and phytoplankton community succession[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(6):578-582(.in Chinese)
[37]Huisman J.Population dynamics of light-limited phytoplankton:microcosm experiments[J].Ecology,1999,80(1):202-210.
[38]Gerla D J,Mooij W M,Huisman J.Photoinhibition and the assembly of light-limited phytoplankton communities[J].Oikos,2011,120(3):359-368.
[39]韩博平,韩志国,付翔.藻类光合作用机理与模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.Han Boping,Han Zhiguo,Fu Xiang.Algal Photosynthesis:Mechanisms and Models[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[40]Yang Y,Yin C,Li W,et al.ɑ-tocopherol is essential for acquired chill-light tolerance in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.strain PCC 6803[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2008,190(5):1554-1560.
[41]汤俊,宋立荣,孙松松,等.低温低光联合作用对铜绿微囊藻复苏能力的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2932-2937.Tang Jun,Song Lirong,Sun Songsong,et al.Recruitment ability of Microcystis aeruginosa under low light-low temperature combination[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(12):2932-2937(.in Chinese)
[42]Ha咬der D P,Kumar H D,Smith R C,et al.Effects on aquatic ecosystems[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology,1998,46(1/2/3):53-68.
[43]Xue L G,Zhang Y,Zhang T G,et al.Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on algae and Cyanobacteria[J].Critical Reviews in Microbiology,2005,31(2):79-89.
[44]张一平,范淼淼,李萌,等.昆明城市太阳辐射资源及利用现状初探[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):640-643.Zhang Yiping,Fan Miaomiao,Li Meng,et al.Preliminary study on the solar radiation resource and actuality in use of Kunming City[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2002,17(5):640-643(.in Chinese)
[45]周平,陈宗瑜.云南高原紫外辐射强度变化时空特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):487-493.Zhou Ping,Chen Zongyu.Analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics of UV-B strength change over the Yunnan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2008,23(3):487-493(.in Chinese)
[46]Lee R E.Phycology[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2008.
[47]Wu Z,Song L.Physiological comparison between colonial and unicellular forms of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz.(Cyanobacteria)[J].Phycologia,2008,47(1):98-104.
[48]Chen X,He S,Huang Y,et al.Laboratory investigation of reducing two algae from eutrophic water treated with lightshading plus aeration[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(9):1303-1307.
[49]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):339-347.Zhang Yunlin,Qin Boqiang,Chen Weimin,et al.Climatological calculation and characteristic analysis of global radiation over Wuxi region[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2003,14(3):339-347(.in Chinese)
[2]Paerl H W,Fulton R S,Moisander P H,et al.Harmful freshwater algal blooms,with an emphasis on Cyanobacteria[J].The Scientific World Journal,2001,1:76-113.
[3]孔繁翔,高光.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):589-595.Kong Fanxiang,Gao Guang.Hypothesis on cyanobacteria bloom-forming mechanism in large shallow eutrophic lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):589-595.(in Chinese)
[4]宋立荣,张婷,郑凌凌.水华蓝藻何以肆虐[J].生命世界,2007,34(8):36-41.Song Lirong,Zhang Ting,Zheng Lingling.Why cyanobacterial blooms raging[J].Life World,2007,34(8):36-41.(in Chinese)
[5]孔繁翔,马荣华,高俊峰,等.太湖蓝藻水华的预防、预测和预警的理论与实践[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(3):314-328.Kong Fanxiang,Ma Ronghua,Gao Junfeng,et al.Theory and practice of prevention,forecast and warning on cyanobacteria bloom in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(3):314-328.(in Chinese)
[6]Jia Y,Dan J,Zhang M,et al.Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(2):254-261.
[7]李小平.蓝藻运动与水华早期预防和控制[J].自然杂志,2008,30(5):280-286.Li Xiaoping.Cyanobacteria movements and its bloom control[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2008,30(5):280-286.(in Chinese)
[8]Coles J F,Jones R C.Effect of temperature on photosynthesis-light response and growth of four phytoplankton species isolated from a tidal freshwater river[J].Journal of Phycology,2000,36(1):7-16.
[9]Huisman J,Jonker R R,Zonneveld C,et al.Competition for light between phytoplankton species:experimental tests of mechanistic theory[J].Ecology,1999,80(1):211-222.
[10]Xu K,Jiang H,Juneau P,et al.Comparative studies on the photosynthetic responses of three freshwater phytoplankton species to temperature and light regimes[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2012,24(5):1113-1122.
[11]Bormans M,Sherman B S,Webster I T.Is buoyancy regulation in cyanobacteria an adaptation to exploit separation of light and nutrients[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1999,50(8):897-906.
[12]Darley W M.Algal Biology:A Physiological Approach[M].Oxford London:Blackwell Scientific Publication,1982.
[13]Xiao Y,Gan N,Liu J,et al.Heterogeneity of buoyancy in response to light between two buoyant types of Cyanobacterium microcystis[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,679(1):297-311.
[14]Mur L R,Schreurs H.Light as a selective factor in the distribution of phytoplankton species[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,32(4):25-34.
[15]Havens K E,Phlips E J,Cichra M F,et al.Light availability as a possible regulator of cyanobacteria species composition in a shallow subtropical lake[J].Freshwater Biology,1998,39(3):547-556.
[16]Litchman E.Population and community responses of phytoplankton to fluctuating light[J].Oecologia,1998,117(1/2):247-257.
[17]Tsujimura S,Tsukada H,Nakahara H,et al.Seasonal variations of Microcystis populations in sediments of Lake Biwa,Japan[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,434(1/2/3):183-192.
[18]Karlsson Elfgren I,Rengefors K,Gustafsson S.Factors regulating recruitment from the sediment to the water column in the bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata[J].Freshwater Biology,2004,49(3):265-273.
[19]Zhang M,Duan H,Shi X,et al.Contributions of meteorology to the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms:implications for future climate change[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):442-452.
[20]Floder S,Burns C W.The influence of fluctuating light on diversity and species number of nutrient-limited phytoplankton[J].Journal of Phycology,2005,41(5):950-956.
[21]Carneiro R L,dos Santos M E V,Pacheco A B F,et al.Effects of light intensity and light quality on growth and circadian rhythm of saxitoxins production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii(Cyanobacteria)[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2009,31(5):481-488.
[22]Mehnert G,Leunert F,Cires S,et al.Competitiveness of invasive and native cyanobacteria from temperate freshwaters under various light and temperature conditions[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2010,32(7):1009-1021.
[23]Kojima S.Corroborating study on algal control by partial shading of lake surface[J].Raw Wastewater,2000,42(5):5-12.(in Japanese)
[24]Chen X,Kong H,He S,et al.Reducing harmful algae in raw water by light-shading[J].Process Biochemistry,2009,44(3):357-360.
[25]万蕾,朱伟.不同遮光方式的抑藻效果比较研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(10):1749-1754.Wan Lei,Zhu Wei.Comparison of algae control effect through different light shading[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,3(10):1749-1754.(in Chinese)
[26]Zhou Q,Chen W,Shan K,et al.Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(3):626-635.
[27]Sheng H,Liu H,Wang C,et al.Analysis of cyanobacteria bloom in the Waihai Part of Dianchi Lake,China[J].Ecological Informatics,2012,10(0):37-48.
[28]周火艳,王崇云,彭明纯,等.滇池水华水华分形结构动态研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(2):32-35.Zhou Huoyan,Wang Congyun,Peng Mingchun,et al.Dynamics study on fractal structure of cyanobacteria bloom in Dianchi[J].2011,34(2):32-35.(in Chinese)
[29]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Jin Xiangcan,Tu Qingying.The Standard Methods for Observation and Analysis of Lake Eutrophication[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.(in Chinese)
[30]Mitchell B G,Kiefer D A.Determination of Absorption and Fluorescence Excitation Spectra for Phytoplankton.in:Marine Phytoplankton and Productivity[M].Editors:HolmHansen O,Bolis L,Gilles R.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984:157-169.
[31]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Hu Hongjun,Wei Yinxin.The Freshwater Algae of ChinaSystematics,Taxonomy and Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[32]章宗涉,黄翔飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.Zhang Zongshe,Huang Xiangfei.The Research Methods of Freshwater Plankton[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991.(in Chinese)
[33]Johnk K D,Huisman J,Sharples J,et al.Summer heat waves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(3):495-512.
[34]Qin B,Zhu G,Gao G,et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:linkage to climatic variability and lake management[J].Environmental Management,2010,45(1):105-112.
[35]Yamamoto Y.Effect of temperature on recruitment of cyanobacteria from the sediment and bloom formation in a shallow pond[J].Plankton&Benthos Research,2009,4(3):95-103.
[36]谭啸,孔繁翔,于洋,等.升温过程对藻类复苏和群落演替的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):578-582.Tan Xiao,Kong Fanxiang,Yu Yang,et al.Effects of enhanced temperature on algae recruitment and phytoplankton community succession[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(6):578-582(.in Chinese)
[37]Huisman J.Population dynamics of light-limited phytoplankton:microcosm experiments[J].Ecology,1999,80(1):202-210.
[38]Gerla D J,Mooij W M,Huisman J.Photoinhibition and the assembly of light-limited phytoplankton communities[J].Oikos,2011,120(3):359-368.
[39]韩博平,韩志国,付翔.藻类光合作用机理与模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.Han Boping,Han Zhiguo,Fu Xiang.Algal Photosynthesis:Mechanisms and Models[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[40]Yang Y,Yin C,Li W,et al.ɑ-tocopherol is essential for acquired chill-light tolerance in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.strain PCC 6803[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2008,190(5):1554-1560.
[41]汤俊,宋立荣,孙松松,等.低温低光联合作用对铜绿微囊藻复苏能力的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2932-2937.Tang Jun,Song Lirong,Sun Songsong,et al.Recruitment ability of Microcystis aeruginosa under low light-low temperature combination[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(12):2932-2937(.in Chinese)
[42]Ha咬der D P,Kumar H D,Smith R C,et al.Effects on aquatic ecosystems[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology,1998,46(1/2/3):53-68.
[43]Xue L G,Zhang Y,Zhang T G,et al.Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on algae and Cyanobacteria[J].Critical Reviews in Microbiology,2005,31(2):79-89.
[44]张一平,范淼淼,李萌,等.昆明城市太阳辐射资源及利用现状初探[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):640-643.Zhang Yiping,Fan Miaomiao,Li Meng,et al.Preliminary study on the solar radiation resource and actuality in use of Kunming City[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2002,17(5):640-643(.in Chinese)
[45]周平,陈宗瑜.云南高原紫外辐射强度变化时空特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(3):487-493.Zhou Ping,Chen Zongyu.Analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics of UV-B strength change over the Yunnan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2008,23(3):487-493(.in Chinese)
[46]Lee R E.Phycology[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2008.
[47]Wu Z,Song L.Physiological comparison between colonial and unicellular forms of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz.(Cyanobacteria)[J].Phycologia,2008,47(1):98-104.
[48]Chen X,He S,Huang Y,et al.Laboratory investigation of reducing two algae from eutrophic water treated with lightshading plus aeration[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(9):1303-1307.
[49]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):339-347.Zhang Yunlin,Qin Boqiang,Chen Weimin,et al.Climatological calculation and characteristic analysis of global radiation over Wuxi region[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2003,14(3):339-347(.in Chinese)