基于单螺杆膨胀机有机朗肯循环有无回热系统性能分析
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摘要
有机朗肯循环(ORC)是实现中低温热源发电利用的有效技术,膨胀机是系统热功转换核心部件,其性能表现直接制约系统整体性能。本文设计搭建单螺杆膨胀机回热式有机朗肯循环发电系统,R245fa为系统工质,实验分析恒定冷热源参数下回热式和无回热两类系统和膨胀机主要性能参数的变化规律。实验结果表明:两类系统效率随着膨胀机转矩和转速的增加而增大,膨胀机转矩和转速相同时回热式系统效率较大,当膨胀机转速为1300r/min,回热式系统最大效率为7.20%,比无回热系统效率增加了11.9%;由于回热器利用膨胀机乏汽预热蒸发器入口的有机工质,因此回热式系统相对于无回热式系统的膨胀机入口过热度、等熵效率增加,膨胀比和蒸发器的换热量减小,工质在回热器中的压降是回热式系统膨胀比变小的主要因素。随着膨胀机转矩和转速增加,两类系统蒸发器吸热量和膨胀比增大,膨胀机等熵效率和入口过热度减小。
Organic Rankine cycle(ORC) system is an effective way to generate electricity with medium and low temperature heat sources. ORC system with a regenerator was designed and constructed with R245 fa as the working fluid in this study. The efficiencies of the two systems and the expander performance were studied under constant cold and heat source. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two systems were higher with increasing expander torque and speed. The regenerative system had a higher efficiency. When the speed of the expander was 1300 r/min, the maximum efficiency of the regenerative system was 7.20%, being 11.9% higher than the non-regenerative system. Because heat transfer of exhaust steam from evaporator and high pressure organic working fluid at the entrance of evaporator occurred in regenerator, the isentropic efficiency and superheat of inlet of expansion of regenerative system were higher than the non-regenerative system, but the expansion ratio and heat absorption of evaporator were reduced. With increasing expander torque and speed, the heat absorption and expansion ratio of the two systems were higher, but the isentropic efficiency and inlet superheating of the expander showed opposite tendency.
Organic Rankine cycle(ORC) system is an effective way to generate electricity with medium and low temperature heat sources. ORC system with a regenerator was designed and constructed with R245 fa as the working fluid in this study. The efficiencies of the two systems and the expander performance were studied under constant cold and heat source. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two systems were higher with increasing expander torque and speed. The regenerative system had a higher efficiency. When the speed of the expander was 1300 r/min, the maximum efficiency of the regenerative system was 7.20%, being 11.9% higher than the non-regenerative system. Because heat transfer of exhaust steam from evaporator and high pressure organic working fluid at the entrance of evaporator occurred in regenerator, the isentropic efficiency and superheat of inlet of expansion of regenerative system were higher than the non-regenerative system, but the expansion ratio and heat absorption of evaporator were reduced. With increasing expander torque and speed, the heat absorption and expansion ratio of the two systems were higher, but the isentropic efficiency and inlet superheating of the expander showed opposite tendency.
引文
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[11]徐荣吉,张晓晖,闫美玉,等.过热/过冷对内回热有机朗肯循环影响的热力学分析[J].化工进展,2016, 35(12):3783-3792.XU R J, ZHANG X H, YAN M Y, et al. Thermal dynamics analysis on the organic Rankine cycle(ORC)with internal heat regenerator at superheated and subcooling conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(12):3783-3792.
[12] MEINEL D, WIELAND C, SPLIETHOFF H. Effect and comparison of different working fluids on a two-stage organic Rankine cycle(ORC)concept[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 63(1):246-253.
[13] YARI M, MAHMOUDI S M. A thermodynamic study of waste heat recovery from GT-MHR using organic Rankine cycles[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, 47(2):181-196.
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[15] MARAVER D, ROYO J, LEMORT V, et al. Systematic optimization of subcritical and transcritical organic Rankine cycles(ORCs)constrained by technical parameters in multiple applications[J].Applied Energy, 2014, 117(3):11-29.
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[17] QIU G, LIU H, RIFFAT S. Expanders for micro-CHP systems with organic Rankine cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011, 31(16):3301-3307.
[18]李艳.低温有机朗肯循环及其透平的研究与设计[D].北京:清华大学, 2013.LI Y. Research and design of the organic Rankine cycle and its turbine for low-temperature energy recovery[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2013.
[19]李垒,陶乐仁,申玲.有机朗肯循环用涡旋膨胀机的改进与实验研究[J].化工进展,2017, 36(5):1642-1648.LI L, TAO L R, SHEN L. Improvement and experimental research on the performance of scroll expander using organic Rankine cycle(ORC)[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(5):1642-1648.
[20] SINGH B R, SINGH O. A study of performance output of a multivane air engine applying optimal injection and vane angles[J]. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2012, 224:305-312.
[21] HU F, ZHANG Z, CHEN W, et al. Experimental investigation on the performance of a twin-screw expander used in an ORC system[C]//1st International Conference on Energy and Power, 2017:210-215.
[22] ZIVIANI D, GUSEV S, LECOMPTE S, et al. Characterizing the performance of a single-screw expander in a small-scale organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181:155-170.
[23] GIUFFRIDA A. Improving the semi-empirical modelling of a singlescrew expander for small organic Rankine cycles[J]. Applied Energy,2017, 193:356-368.
[24]张业强,吴玉庭,夏国栋,等.单螺杆膨胀机在有机朗肯循环系统中的性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2015, 51(16):156-163.ZHANG Y Q, WU Y T, XIA G D, et al. Performance study on singlescrew expander in organic Rankine cycle system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(16):156-163.
[25]曹泷,刘秀龙,张鸣,等.有机朗肯循环发电系统变工况运行的实验研究[J].化工进展, 2018, 37(1):88-95.CAO S, LIU X L, ZHANG M, et al. Experimental study of organic Rankine cycle power generation system under various operating conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(1):88-95.
[26] YANG X F, XU J L, MIAO Z, et al. The definition of non-dimensional integration temperature difference and its effect on organic Rankine cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 167:17-33.
[27] ZIVIANI D, GUSEV S,LECOMPTE S,et al. Characterizing the performance of a single-screw expander in a small-scale organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181:155-170.
[2]王羽平,汤磊,杨平,等.近(亚)临界有机物朗肯循环的性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014, 34(20):3251-3256.WANG Y P, TANG L, YANG P, et al. Characteristic analysis of nearcritical(subcritical)organic Rankine cycle[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(20):3251-3256.
[3]王明涛,刘启一,张百浩.冷凝条件对基于混合工质的内燃机余热有机朗肯循环热力性能的影响[J].化工进展,2018, 37(8):2927-2934.WANG M T, LIU Q Y, ZHANG B H. Effects of condensation condition on cycle performance of the organic Rankine cycle(ORC)for recovering waste heat of engine using zeotropic[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(8):2927-2934.
[4] BAIK Y J, KIM M, CHANG K C, et al. A comparative study of power optimization in low-temperature geothermal heat source driven R125transcritical cycle and HFC organic Rankine cycles[J]. Renewable Energy, 2013, 54(54):73-84.
[5]韩中合,许鸿胜,范伟,等.低温烟气有机郎肯循环系统热力性能与经济性的对比分析[J].化工进展,2017, 36(11):4010-4016.HAN Z H, XU H S, FAN W, et al. Comparison of thermodynamic performance and economic efficiency of ORC system for low temperature flue gas[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017, 36(11):4010-4016.
[6] LI Z, LU Y J, HUANG Y Q, et al. Comparison study of trilateral Rankine cycle, organic flash cycle and basic organic Rankine cycle for low grade heat recovery[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 142:1441-1447.
[7] LI L, GE Y T, LUO X, et al. Thermodynamic analysis and comparison between CO2, transcritical power cycles and R245fa organic Rankine cycles for low grade heat to power energy conversion[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 106:1290-1299.
[8] HSIEH J C, FU B R, WANG T W, et al. Design and preliminary results of a 20-kW transcritical organic Rankine cycle with a screw expander for low-grade waste heat recovery[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 110:1120-1127.
[9] LIU Q, DUAN Y Y, YANG Z. Performance analyses of geothermal organic Rankine cycles with selected hydrocarbon working fluids[J].Energy, 2013, 63:123-132.
[10]徐荣吉,席奂,何雅玲.内回热/无回热有机朗肯循环的实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2013, 34(2):205-210.XU R J, XI H, HE Y L. Experimental study on the performance of the organic Rankine cycle with and without internal heat regeneration[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013, 34(2):205-210.
[11]徐荣吉,张晓晖,闫美玉,等.过热/过冷对内回热有机朗肯循环影响的热力学分析[J].化工进展,2016, 35(12):3783-3792.XU R J, ZHANG X H, YAN M Y, et al. Thermal dynamics analysis on the organic Rankine cycle(ORC)with internal heat regenerator at superheated and subcooling conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(12):3783-3792.
[12] MEINEL D, WIELAND C, SPLIETHOFF H. Effect and comparison of different working fluids on a two-stage organic Rankine cycle(ORC)concept[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 63(1):246-253.
[13] YARI M, MAHMOUDI S M. A thermodynamic study of waste heat recovery from GT-MHR using organic Rankine cycles[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, 47(2):181-196.
[14] ALJUNDI I H. Effect of dry hydrocarbons and critical point temperature on the efficiencies of organic Rankine cycle[J]. Renewable Energy, 2011, 36(4):1196-1202.
[15] MARAVER D, ROYO J, LEMORT V, et al. Systematic optimization of subcritical and transcritical organic Rankine cycles(ORCs)constrained by technical parameters in multiple applications[J].Applied Energy, 2014, 117(3):11-29.
[16] LI W, FENG X, YU L J, et al. Effects of evaporating temperature and internal heat exchanger on organic Rankine cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2011, 31(17/18):4014-4023.
[17] QIU G, LIU H, RIFFAT S. Expanders for micro-CHP systems with organic Rankine cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011, 31(16):3301-3307.
[18]李艳.低温有机朗肯循环及其透平的研究与设计[D].北京:清华大学, 2013.LI Y. Research and design of the organic Rankine cycle and its turbine for low-temperature energy recovery[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2013.
[19]李垒,陶乐仁,申玲.有机朗肯循环用涡旋膨胀机的改进与实验研究[J].化工进展,2017, 36(5):1642-1648.LI L, TAO L R, SHEN L. Improvement and experimental research on the performance of scroll expander using organic Rankine cycle(ORC)[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(5):1642-1648.
[20] SINGH B R, SINGH O. A study of performance output of a multivane air engine applying optimal injection and vane angles[J]. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2012, 224:305-312.
[21] HU F, ZHANG Z, CHEN W, et al. Experimental investigation on the performance of a twin-screw expander used in an ORC system[C]//1st International Conference on Energy and Power, 2017:210-215.
[22] ZIVIANI D, GUSEV S, LECOMPTE S, et al. Characterizing the performance of a single-screw expander in a small-scale organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181:155-170.
[23] GIUFFRIDA A. Improving the semi-empirical modelling of a singlescrew expander for small organic Rankine cycles[J]. Applied Energy,2017, 193:356-368.
[24]张业强,吴玉庭,夏国栋,等.单螺杆膨胀机在有机朗肯循环系统中的性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2015, 51(16):156-163.ZHANG Y Q, WU Y T, XIA G D, et al. Performance study on singlescrew expander in organic Rankine cycle system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(16):156-163.
[25]曹泷,刘秀龙,张鸣,等.有机朗肯循环发电系统变工况运行的实验研究[J].化工进展, 2018, 37(1):88-95.CAO S, LIU X L, ZHANG M, et al. Experimental study of organic Rankine cycle power generation system under various operating conditions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(1):88-95.
[26] YANG X F, XU J L, MIAO Z, et al. The definition of non-dimensional integration temperature difference and its effect on organic Rankine cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 167:17-33.
[27] ZIVIANI D, GUSEV S,LECOMPTE S,et al. Characterizing the performance of a single-screw expander in a small-scale organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 181:155-170.