岩质隧道深浅埋划分方法及判别标准探讨
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摘要
传统的深埋与浅埋隧道划分方法以普氏压力拱理论为基础,由于普氏理论的局限性,这种划分方法不尽合理。鉴于此,文章将有限元极限分析法应用于隧道深浅埋划分中,提出了隧道深浅埋划分的三条原则。对于Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩的岩质隧道,根据隧道的破坏模式划分深埋与浅埋,破裂面贯通至地表即为浅埋隧道,破裂面没有贯通至地表即为深埋隧道,并利用有限元强度折减法求出浅埋隧道压力拱高度,以此作为深浅埋分界线;对于围岩等级高的岩质隧道,以无衬砌隧道稳定安全系数来划分深浅埋,安全系数大于等于1.5时为深埋隧道,安全系数小于1.5时还要根据破坏模式进行深浅埋判断。此外,深浅埋隧道划分还应考虑环境、施工、地质构造、不稳定块体等因素的影响,由此可能造成围岩整体塌落,形成松散压力。最后,文章建议对于深埋隧道可按弹塑性数值分析计算,而对浅埋隧道除按弹塑性数值分析外,还需按浅埋松散荷载依据荷载-结构模式分析,以确保安全。
The traditional classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels is based on the Protodyakonov′s pressure arch theory and not reasonable enough due to its limitation of this theory.In view of this the finite element limit analysis method was applied to the classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels,and three principles were put forward.For the rock tunnel with surrounding rock ofⅣandⅤ,the classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels is based on the failure modes of tunnel,it is defined as the shallow-buried tunnel if the fracture plane cuts through ground surface while it is defined as the deep-buried one if the fracture plane doesn′t cut through ground surface,the height of pressure arch of the shallow-buried tunnel obtained by using FEM strength reduction method can be taken as the dividing line for the shallow-buried and deep-buried tunnels.For the rock tunnel with surrounding rock of higher grade,the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels are defined according to the stability safety factor of the unlined tunnel,it is defined as the deep-buried tunnel when the stability safety factor is more than or equals 1.5 while the failure mode should also be considered to define them when the stability safety factor is less than 1.5.In addition,the division of deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels should still consider the effects of environment,construction,geological structure,unstable block,which will cause the surrounding rock collapse and form loose pressure.At last,it is suggested that for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels it can be calculated by elastic-plastic numerical analysis method,but for the shallow-buried tunnel it should also be analyzed according to the load-structure model to ensure safety.
The traditional classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels is based on the Protodyakonov′s pressure arch theory and not reasonable enough due to its limitation of this theory.In view of this the finite element limit analysis method was applied to the classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels,and three principles were put forward.For the rock tunnel with surrounding rock ofⅣandⅤ,the classification for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels is based on the failure modes of tunnel,it is defined as the shallow-buried tunnel if the fracture plane cuts through ground surface while it is defined as the deep-buried one if the fracture plane doesn′t cut through ground surface,the height of pressure arch of the shallow-buried tunnel obtained by using FEM strength reduction method can be taken as the dividing line for the shallow-buried and deep-buried tunnels.For the rock tunnel with surrounding rock of higher grade,the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels are defined according to the stability safety factor of the unlined tunnel,it is defined as the deep-buried tunnel when the stability safety factor is more than or equals 1.5 while the failure mode should also be considered to define them when the stability safety factor is less than 1.5.In addition,the division of deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels should still consider the effects of environment,construction,geological structure,unstable block,which will cause the surrounding rock collapse and form loose pressure.At last,it is suggested that for the deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels it can be calculated by elastic-plastic numerical analysis method,but for the shallow-buried tunnel it should also be analyzed according to the load-structure model to ensure safety.
引文
[1]郑颖人,邱陈瑜.普氏压力拱理论的局限性[J].现代隧道技术, 2016, 53(2):1-8.ZHENG Yingren, QIU Chenyu. On the Limitations of Protodyakonov′2016, 53(2):1-8.
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[3]徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人,等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.XU Gancheng, BAI Hongcai, ZHENG Yingren, et al. Support Structure of Underground Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Water&Power Press, 2002.
[4] ZIENKIEWICZOC,HUMPHESONC,LEWISRW.Associated[J]. Geotechnique, 1975, 25(4):671-689.
[5]张黎明,郑颖人,等.有限元强度折减法在公路隧道中的应用探讨[J].岩土力学, 2007,28(1):97-101.ZHANG Liming, ZHENG Yingren, et al. Application of Strength Reduction Finite Element Method to Road Tunnels[J]. Rock andSoil Mechanics, 2007, 28(1):97-101.
[6]郑颖人,胡文清,等.强度折减有限元法及其在隧道与地下洞室工程中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2004,(增):239-243.ItsApplicationinTunnelandUndergroundEngineering[J].ModernTunnelling Technology,2004,(S):239-243.
[7]郑颖人,徐浩,王成,等.隧道破坏机制及深浅埋分界标准[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2010, 44(10):1851-1856+1875.ZHENG Yingren, XU Hao, WANG Cheng, et al. Failure Mechanism of Tunnel and Dividing Line Standard between Shallow andDeep Bury[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science Edition), 2010, 44(10):1851-1856+1875.
[8]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,等.关于土体隧道围岩稳定性分析方法的探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008, 27(10):1968-1980.ZHENG Yingren, QIU Chenyu, et al. Exploration of Stability Analysis Methods for Surrounding Rocks of Soil Tunnel[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(10):1968-1980.
[9]郑颖人,朱合华,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析与设计理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.ZHENG Yingren, ZHU Hehua, et al. The Stability Analysis and Design Theory of Surrounding Rock of Underground Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press, 2012.
[10]郑颖人,阿比尔的,向钰周.隧道设计理念与方法[J].隧道建设, 2013, 33(8):619-625.ZHENG Yingren, ABI Erdi, XIANG Yuzhou. Tunnel Design Idea and Tunnel Design Method[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2013, 33(8):619-625.
[11]王明年,郭军,罗禄森,等.高速铁路大断面黄土隧道深浅埋分界深度研究[J].岩土力学,2010, 31(4):1157-1162.WANG Mingnian, GUO Jun, LUO Lusen, et al. Study of Critical Buried Depth of Large Cross-section Loess Tunnel for High SpeedRailway[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(4):1157-1162.
[12]丛宇,郭徽,郑颖人,等.岩石地铁工程的围岩分级方法研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(3):33-41.CONG Yu, GUO Hui, ZHENG Yingren, et al. On the Rock Classification Method for Metro Engineering[J]. Modern TunnellingTechnology, 2016, 53(3):33-41.
[13]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道设计规范:TB 10003-2005[S].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2005.Industrial Standards of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Design of Railway Tunnel:TB 10003-2005[S]. Beijing:ChinaRailway Publishing House, 2005.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路隧道设计规范:JTG D70-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004.Industrial Standards of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Design of Road Tunnel:JTG D70-2004[S]. Beijing:China Com?munications Press, 2004.
[2]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983.YU Xuefu, ZHENG Yingren, LIU Huaiheng, et al. Stability Analysis on Surrounding Rock of Underground Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House, 1983.
[3]徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人,等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.XU Gancheng, BAI Hongcai, ZHENG Yingren, et al. Support Structure of Underground Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Water&Power Press, 2002.
[4] ZIENKIEWICZOC,HUMPHESONC,LEWISRW.Associated[J]. Geotechnique, 1975, 25(4):671-689.
[5]张黎明,郑颖人,等.有限元强度折减法在公路隧道中的应用探讨[J].岩土力学, 2007,28(1):97-101.ZHANG Liming, ZHENG Yingren, et al. Application of Strength Reduction Finite Element Method to Road Tunnels[J]. Rock andSoil Mechanics, 2007, 28(1):97-101.
[6]郑颖人,胡文清,等.强度折减有限元法及其在隧道与地下洞室工程中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2004,(增):239-243.ItsApplicationinTunnelandUndergroundEngineering[J].ModernTunnelling Technology,2004,(S):239-243.
[7]郑颖人,徐浩,王成,等.隧道破坏机制及深浅埋分界标准[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2010, 44(10):1851-1856+1875.ZHENG Yingren, XU Hao, WANG Cheng, et al. Failure Mechanism of Tunnel and Dividing Line Standard between Shallow andDeep Bury[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science Edition), 2010, 44(10):1851-1856+1875.
[8]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,等.关于土体隧道围岩稳定性分析方法的探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008, 27(10):1968-1980.ZHENG Yingren, QIU Chenyu, et al. Exploration of Stability Analysis Methods for Surrounding Rocks of Soil Tunnel[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(10):1968-1980.
[9]郑颖人,朱合华,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析与设计理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.ZHENG Yingren, ZHU Hehua, et al. The Stability Analysis and Design Theory of Surrounding Rock of Underground Engineering[M]. Beijing:China Communications Press, 2012.
[10]郑颖人,阿比尔的,向钰周.隧道设计理念与方法[J].隧道建设, 2013, 33(8):619-625.ZHENG Yingren, ABI Erdi, XIANG Yuzhou. Tunnel Design Idea and Tunnel Design Method[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2013, 33(8):619-625.
[11]王明年,郭军,罗禄森,等.高速铁路大断面黄土隧道深浅埋分界深度研究[J].岩土力学,2010, 31(4):1157-1162.WANG Mingnian, GUO Jun, LUO Lusen, et al. Study of Critical Buried Depth of Large Cross-section Loess Tunnel for High SpeedRailway[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(4):1157-1162.
[12]丛宇,郭徽,郑颖人,等.岩石地铁工程的围岩分级方法研究[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(3):33-41.CONG Yu, GUO Hui, ZHENG Yingren, et al. On the Rock Classification Method for Metro Engineering[J]. Modern TunnellingTechnology, 2016, 53(3):33-41.
[13]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路隧道设计规范:TB 10003-2005[S].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2005.Industrial Standards of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Design of Railway Tunnel:TB 10003-2005[S]. Beijing:ChinaRailway Publishing House, 2005.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路隧道设计规范:JTG D70-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004.Industrial Standards of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Design of Road Tunnel:JTG D70-2004[S]. Beijing:China Com?munications Press, 2004.
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