黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选
|
摘要
[目的]研究黔西某煤矿区周边土壤重金属污染情况、重金属形态潜在风险及其周边重金属富集植物,为当地的重金属污染防治提供科学依据。[方法]采用潜在生态风险评价及模糊数学法的两种评价方法(单因素决定模型和加权平均模型)对煤矿区及非煤矿区土壤进行重金属生态风险评价,对影响土壤肥力的土壤理化指标进行检测,利用风险评估编码法对重金属形态进行分析,并采用生物富集系数法对煤矿区周边富集重金属植物进行筛选。[结果]煤矿区Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cr及Ni平均值含量分别是背景值的2.47,3.65,2.00,1.23,1.74,1.69倍。煤矿区潜在生态危害趋势为:Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cr>Pb>Zn。模糊数学法单因素决定模型评价显示,非煤矿区污染大于煤矿区,加权平均模型则反之。煤矿区Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb及Zn潜在风险指数分别为69.17%,7.97%,8.24%,40.10%,45.29%,53.70%及29.90%。蜈蚣草对As富集系数大于1.00,火棘、构树、盐肤木、马桑、凤尾蕨及金丝梅等对Cd富集系数大于1.00,马桑及白蒿对Pb富集系数大于1.00。[结论]煤矿区存在重金属污染,以Cd,As,Hg较为严重。煤矿区周边土壤中重金属对环境构成的潜在风险顺序为:Cd>Pb>Ni>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr。对当地而言,蜈蚣草可作为煤矿区周边修复As污染的先行植物,凤尾蕨可作为修复Cd污染的先行植物,马桑可作为修复Pb污染的先行植物。
[Objective]To investigate the heavy metal pollution and chemical forms and identify the hypertolerant plants in Western Guizhou Province in order to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling heavy metals pollution in the area.[Methods]The ecological risks of heavy metals in mining areas and non-mining areas were evaluated using potential ecological risk and fuzzy mathematic assessment models(the single factor deciding and the weighted average models).The physical and chemical indexes affecting soil fertility were tested.The chemical forms of heavy metals in soil samples were analyzed by risk assessment code.Bioconcentration factors were used to select plants with high tolerance to heavy metals around the coal mining area.[Results]The average concentrations of Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cr and Ni in coal mining areas were 3.37,1.11,1.50,1.63,1.23 and 1.73 times higher than the background values.The potential ecological risk of studied heavy metals in coal mining area followed the order of:Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cr>Pb>Zn.The single factor deciding model of the fuzzy mathematic assessment showed that the pollution of non-mining area was higher than that of mining area,but the weighted average model was opposite.The potential risk indexes of Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in coal mining area were 69.17%,7.97%,8.24%,40.10%,45.29%,53.70%and 29.90%,respectively.The As enrichment coefficient of Pteris vittata was greater than 1.00.The Cd enrichment coefficient of Pyracantha fortuneana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Rhus chinensis,Coriaria nepalensis,P.cretica and Hypericum patulum were greater than 1.00.The Pb enrichment coefficient of C.nepalensis and Artemisia stelleriana were greater than 1.00.[Conclusion]There existed more serious pollution in mining areas,especially Hg,Cd and As pollution.The potential risk of heavy metals in soils around the coal mining area is in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni> Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr.In conclusion,P.vittatacan be used as the primary plant for remediation of As pollution surrounding the coal mining area.In addition,P.cretica could be used as the primary plant to repair the Cd pollution,and C.nepalensis could be used as the primary plant to repair the Pb pollution.
[Objective]To investigate the heavy metal pollution and chemical forms and identify the hypertolerant plants in Western Guizhou Province in order to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling heavy metals pollution in the area.[Methods]The ecological risks of heavy metals in mining areas and non-mining areas were evaluated using potential ecological risk and fuzzy mathematic assessment models(the single factor deciding and the weighted average models).The physical and chemical indexes affecting soil fertility were tested.The chemical forms of heavy metals in soil samples were analyzed by risk assessment code.Bioconcentration factors were used to select plants with high tolerance to heavy metals around the coal mining area.[Results]The average concentrations of Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cr and Ni in coal mining areas were 3.37,1.11,1.50,1.63,1.23 and 1.73 times higher than the background values.The potential ecological risk of studied heavy metals in coal mining area followed the order of:Cd>Hg>As>Ni>Cr>Pb>Zn.The single factor deciding model of the fuzzy mathematic assessment showed that the pollution of non-mining area was higher than that of mining area,but the weighted average model was opposite.The potential risk indexes of Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in coal mining area were 69.17%,7.97%,8.24%,40.10%,45.29%,53.70%and 29.90%,respectively.The As enrichment coefficient of Pteris vittata was greater than 1.00.The Cd enrichment coefficient of Pyracantha fortuneana,Broussonetia papyrifera,Rhus chinensis,Coriaria nepalensis,P.cretica and Hypericum patulum were greater than 1.00.The Pb enrichment coefficient of C.nepalensis and Artemisia stelleriana were greater than 1.00.[Conclusion]There existed more serious pollution in mining areas,especially Hg,Cd and As pollution.The potential risk of heavy metals in soils around the coal mining area is in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni> Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr.In conclusion,P.vittatacan be used as the primary plant for remediation of As pollution surrounding the coal mining area.In addition,P.cretica could be used as the primary plant to repair the Cd pollution,and C.nepalensis could be used as the primary plant to repair the Pb pollution.
引文
[1]Guo Lifang,Hu Haifeng.Influence Analysis of Coal Mining on the Ecological Environment[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,962-965:45-50.
[2]Jucan V,Dumitrescu M,Iordan A R,at al.Influence of heavy metals on the environmental from Tarnita mining area[J].Acta Chemica Iasi,2016,24(1):1-19.
[3]黄先飞,秦樊鑫,胡继伟.重金属污染与化学形态研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(1):48-51.
[4]谢志宜,张雅静,陈丹青,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究:以广州市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1329-1337.
[5]僮祥英,杨玉琼,刘红.百里杜鹃矿区附近土壤重金属潜在生态风险及环境容量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4):2146-2148.
[6]乙引,陈训,陈雪鹃,等.贵州百里杜鹃国家森林公园综合科学考察[M].北京:科学出版社,2016,15-25.
[7]郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[8]陈优良,史琳,王兆茹.基于模糊数学的矿区土壤重金属污染评价:以信丰稀土矿区为例[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(4):127-133.
[9]Liu Weitao,Ni Juncheng,Zhou Qixing.Uptake of heavy metals by trees:prospects for phytoremediation[J].Materials Science Forum,2013,744:768-781.
[10]王英辉,祁士华,陈学军.金属矿山废弃地重金属污染的植物修复治理技术[J].中国矿业,2006,15(10):67-71.
[11]刘丹丹,刘菲,缪德仁.土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化[J].现代地质,2015,29(2):390-396.
[12]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[13]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价[J].化工环保,2016,36(3):338-344.
[14]刘宗平.环境重金属污染物的生物有效性[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):273-278.
[15]Huang Huajun,Yuan Xingzhong,Zeng Guangming,et al.Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals'pollution hazards in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J].Bioresour Technol,2011,102(22):10346-10351.
[16]汪文云,严重玲,张朝晖.贵州水银洞金矿五种藓类重金属富集特性及其生态修复潜力研究(英文)[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,28(4):97-102.
[17]Liu W X,Liu J W,Wu M Z,et al.Accumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)growing in agricultural soil of Zhengzhou,China[J].Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.,2009,82(3):343-347.
[18]王丽.神木矿区采煤对土壤和植被的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[19]夏栋,许文年,赵娟,等.植被混凝土护坡基材pH、有机质及其与速效养分的相关性分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):224-227.
[20]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2425-2436.
[21]安志装,陈同斌,雷梅,等.蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2594-2598.
[22]葛绪广,张欢欢,陈琳,等.矿区蕨类植物重金属富集性调查研究:以黄石国家矿山公园为例[J].湖北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):8-11.
[23]邹春萍,张佩霞,陈金峰,等.25种观赏植物的重金属富集特性研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(12):66-72.
[24]柏方敏.洞庭湖区不同防护林的生态功能及生态影响评价[D].湖南长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[25]苏焕珍,刘文胜,郑丽,等.兰坪铅锌矿区不同污染梯度下优势植物的重金属累积特征[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(11):5027-5034.
[2]Jucan V,Dumitrescu M,Iordan A R,at al.Influence of heavy metals on the environmental from Tarnita mining area[J].Acta Chemica Iasi,2016,24(1):1-19.
[3]黄先飞,秦樊鑫,胡继伟.重金属污染与化学形态研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(1):48-51.
[4]谢志宜,张雅静,陈丹青,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究:以广州市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(7):1329-1337.
[5]僮祥英,杨玉琼,刘红.百里杜鹃矿区附近土壤重金属潜在生态风险及环境容量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4):2146-2148.
[6]乙引,陈训,陈雪鹃,等.贵州百里杜鹃国家森林公园综合科学考察[M].北京:科学出版社,2016,15-25.
[7]郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[8]陈优良,史琳,王兆茹.基于模糊数学的矿区土壤重金属污染评价:以信丰稀土矿区为例[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(4):127-133.
[9]Liu Weitao,Ni Juncheng,Zhou Qixing.Uptake of heavy metals by trees:prospects for phytoremediation[J].Materials Science Forum,2013,744:768-781.
[10]王英辉,祁士华,陈学军.金属矿山废弃地重金属污染的植物修复治理技术[J].中国矿业,2006,15(10):67-71.
[11]刘丹丹,刘菲,缪德仁.土壤重金属连续提取方法的优化[J].现代地质,2015,29(2):390-396.
[12]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[13]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价[J].化工环保,2016,36(3):338-344.
[14]刘宗平.环境重金属污染物的生物有效性[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):273-278.
[15]Huang Huajun,Yuan Xingzhong,Zeng Guangming,et al.Quantitative evaluation of heavy metals'pollution hazards in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge[J].Bioresour Technol,2011,102(22):10346-10351.
[16]汪文云,严重玲,张朝晖.贵州水银洞金矿五种藓类重金属富集特性及其生态修复潜力研究(英文)[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,28(4):97-102.
[17]Liu W X,Liu J W,Wu M Z,et al.Accumulation and translocation of toxic heavy metals in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)growing in agricultural soil of Zhengzhou,China[J].Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.,2009,82(3):343-347.
[18]王丽.神木矿区采煤对土壤和植被的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[19]夏栋,许文年,赵娟,等.植被混凝土护坡基材pH、有机质及其与速效养分的相关性分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):224-227.
[20]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2425-2436.
[21]安志装,陈同斌,雷梅,等.蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(12):2594-2598.
[22]葛绪广,张欢欢,陈琳,等.矿区蕨类植物重金属富集性调查研究:以黄石国家矿山公园为例[J].湖北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(1):8-11.
[23]邹春萍,张佩霞,陈金峰,等.25种观赏植物的重金属富集特性研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(12):66-72.
[24]柏方敏.洞庭湖区不同防护林的生态功能及生态影响评价[D].湖南长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[25]苏焕珍,刘文胜,郑丽,等.兰坪铅锌矿区不同污染梯度下优势植物的重金属累积特征[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(11):5027-5034.