基于KAP的南京市居民蚊虫防制健康教育现状及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解南京市居民蚊虫健康教育现状及影响因素,为优化和改进蚊虫防制健康教育提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法 ,利用自行设计问卷对南京393名15岁以上居民进行调查。结果南京地区居民蚊虫防制知识得分为(9.44±2.04)分。其中211人(53.69%)及格,182人(46.31%)不及格。多因素回归分析显示地区、年龄、文化程度是居民蚊虫防制知识的主要影响因素,居民蚊虫防制知识的保护因素为农村地区(OR=3.61,95%CI:1.85～7.04)、40～59岁(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.06～3.06)、60岁及以上(OR=5.30, 95%CI:2.34～12.00)、高中/职高/中专(OR=2.70, 95%CI:1.46-4.99)、大专(OR=5. 10, 95%CI:2.48-10.49)、本科及以上(OR=8.87, 95%CI:4.52-17.42)。居民蚊虫防制态度偏向自行处理、自身防护。居民蚊虫防制行为多样,偏向化学防制。结论对蚊虫防制知识知晓水平薄弱的人群(城郊、低年龄、低文化程度)进行有针对性和特异性的健康教育,增强居民蚊虫综合防制信念和信心,加大对居民科学有效蚊虫防制行为的指导,对蚊媒传染病传播媒介的控制,减轻蚊虫侵害,提升人民群众生活环境质量均有重要作用。
Objective To understand the health education status and influential factors of mosquito control in Nanjing residents, and to provide basis for optimizing and improving health education of mosquito control. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate 393 residents aged 15 years old and above in Nanjing using self-designed questionnaires. Results The score of knowledge regarding mosquito control in Nanjing residents was(9.44 ±2.04), and 211(53.69%) passed, 182(46.31%) failed among these residents. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main influential factors of knowledge regarding mosquito control were region, age and education level. The protection factors of residents' mosquito prevention knowledge were rural suburbs( OR = 3. 61, 95% CI: 1. 85-7. 04),aged 40-59 years old(OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.06-3.06), aged 60 years old and above(OR=5.30, 95%CI: 2.34-12.00), high school/vocational high/secondary school(OR=2. 70, 95% Cl: 1.46-4.99), junior college(OR =5. 10, 95% CI: 2.48-10.49), undergraduate and above(OR = 8. 87, 95% CI : 4. 52-17.42). For the attitude to mosquito control, the residents tended to be self-treatment and self-protection. Residents had a variety of mosquito control behaviors,and they often preferred chemical control measures. Conclusion We should conduct targeted and specific health education on residents with weak awareness of mosquito control( suburbia, lower age, lower education level), enhance residents' faith and confidence in integrated mosquito control, and intensify the guidance on residents ' scientific and effective mosquito control behaviors. It plays an important role in controlling mosquito-borne infectious disease vectors, alleviates mosquito invasions and improves people ' s living environment quality.
Objective To understand the health education status and influential factors of mosquito control in Nanjing residents, and to provide basis for optimizing and improving health education of mosquito control. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate 393 residents aged 15 years old and above in Nanjing using self-designed questionnaires. Results The score of knowledge regarding mosquito control in Nanjing residents was(9.44 ±2.04), and 211(53.69%) passed, 182(46.31%) failed among these residents. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main influential factors of knowledge regarding mosquito control were region, age and education level. The protection factors of residents' mosquito prevention knowledge were rural suburbs( OR = 3. 61, 95% CI: 1. 85-7. 04),aged 40-59 years old(OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.06-3.06), aged 60 years old and above(OR=5.30, 95%CI: 2.34-12.00), high school/vocational high/secondary school(OR=2. 70, 95% Cl: 1.46-4.99), junior college(OR =5. 10, 95% CI: 2.48-10.49), undergraduate and above(OR = 8. 87, 95% CI : 4. 52-17.42). For the attitude to mosquito control, the residents tended to be self-treatment and self-protection. Residents had a variety of mosquito control behaviors,and they often preferred chemical control measures. Conclusion We should conduct targeted and specific health education on residents with weak awareness of mosquito control( suburbia, lower age, lower education level), enhance residents' faith and confidence in integrated mosquito control, and intensify the guidance on residents ' scientific and effective mosquito control behaviors. It plays an important role in controlling mosquito-borne infectious disease vectors, alleviates mosquito invasions and improves people ' s living environment quality.
引文
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[2]张仪.新发媒传疾病及其防控[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(5):501-504.
[3]卫生部疾病预防控制局.病媒生物防制实用指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010.
[4]王伟,吴彤宇,马玉涛,等.天津市居民虫媒防治知识和行为及影响因素调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(2):156-158.
[5]李琴,闫姝利,黄进,等.攀枝花市居民登革热防治知识行为态度调查分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(1):52-54,63.
[6]钟海波.汕头市蚊媒传染病健康教育干预研究[J].中国健康教育,2008,23(1):24-26.
[7]孙燕群,张守刚,郑一平,等.南京市2013年蚊虫密度、种群及季节消长情况分析[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2014,9(10):925-927.
[8]赵玉强,甄天民,刘新,等.山东城市居民蚊媒防制知识态度行为现状调查[J].中国热带医学,2008,8(10):1795-1797.
[9]王颖筠.出国旅客登革热之防护知识及态度与行为之相关因素探讨[J].台湾公共卫生杂志,2011,30(2):191-200.
[10]石文惠,王静雷,李园,等.利用微信开展健康传播的探索[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(3):326-328,333.