福建省某矿区周边土壤-农作物重金属空间变异特征与健康风险评价
|
摘要
以福建省某矿区为例,研究矿区周边土壤-农作物中重金属的空间变异特征及其健康风险,以期为土壤重金属污染治理和农作物质量安全提供参考依据。在分析土壤和农作物中7种重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As)的全量和有效态含量统计特征的基础上,应用地统计学中半方差函数和反距离权重插值法探讨7种重金属全量和有效态含量的空间变异规律和分布情况,并结合健康风险评价模型评价由于农产品摄入导致的人体健康风险。结果表明:土壤全量Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As超标率分别为88.89%、91.11%、0、73.33%、82.22%、2.22%、0(国家标准GB 15618—2018);有效Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As的超标率分别为100%、68.89%、48.89%、6.67%、24.44%、22.22%、40.00%(福建省地方标准DB 35/T 859—2016);除Cr和Ni,其他元素的全量和有效态含量均显著正相关;CEC与Cd、Zn、Ni有效态含量显著正相关,pH与Ni和Cd有效态含量显著负相关,有机质与Cu和Ni有效态含量显著正相关,游离Fe2O3与Zn有效态含量显著正相关。由块金系数可知,全Pb、全Cd、有效Cd、全Cr、有效Cr、全Cu、有效Zn、全Ni、全As、有效As均小于25%,具有强空间关系,其余元素在25%～75%之间,具有中等相关性;从单一目标危害目标危险系数(THQ)来看,儿童叶菜类Cd的THQ>1,且总体高于成人,说明儿童对各种重金属更为敏感;成人和儿童的薯类和叶菜类的总THQ>1,说明研究区存在明显的复合健康风险。该矿区土壤重金属存在较强的空间关系,且其农产品具有一定的健康风险。
To reveal the cumulative characteristics of heavy metal elements and the crop safety around mining areas, geostatistical analysis methods, such as semi-variogram and inverse distance weight interpolation, and a health risk assessment model were employed in this study. The former computed the spatial variability and distribution of heavy metal elements, and the latter estimated the health risk induced by crop intake. Seven heavy metal elements in a mining area of the Fujian Province were sampled and detected, specifically Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu,Zn, Ni, and As, and the over-standard rates of their total content were 88.89%, 91.11%, 0, 73.33%, 82.22%, 2.22%, and 0, respectively,according to national standards GB 15618—2018, while the over-standard rates of their available content were 100%, 68.89%, 48.89%,6.67%, 24.44%, 22.22%, and 40.00%, respectively, according to Fujian provincial local standards(DB 35/T 859—2016). In this study,the total content and available content of each heavy metal element had a significantly positive correlation, except for Cr and Ni. The potential hydrogen(pH)negatively influenced available Ni and Cd, while cation exchange capacity(CEC)had a positive influence on available Cd, Zn, and Ni. The effects of soil organic matter content on available Cu and Ni were positive, as well as the effect of free ferric oxide on available Zn. The results of geostatistical analysis determined that the total and available content of heavy metal elements were spatially autocorrelated due to nugget coefficients of less than 75%, where total Pb, total Cd, available Cd, total Cr, available Cr, total Cu, available Zn,total Ni, total As, and available As held stronger spatial autocorrelations according to nugget coefficients of less than 25%. The results of the health risk assessment demonstrated that the total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)of tuberous vegetables and leafy vegetables was greater than 1, which meaned that the study area was significantly threatened by compounding health risks. Moreover, children were more sensitive to various heavy metals than adults due to the target hazard quotient(THQ)of Cd in leafy vegetables, which was greater than 1. The heavy metal elements in this mining area were spatially autocorrelated, and crop safety hardly met the requirements for human health.
To reveal the cumulative characteristics of heavy metal elements and the crop safety around mining areas, geostatistical analysis methods, such as semi-variogram and inverse distance weight interpolation, and a health risk assessment model were employed in this study. The former computed the spatial variability and distribution of heavy metal elements, and the latter estimated the health risk induced by crop intake. Seven heavy metal elements in a mining area of the Fujian Province were sampled and detected, specifically Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu,Zn, Ni, and As, and the over-standard rates of their total content were 88.89%, 91.11%, 0, 73.33%, 82.22%, 2.22%, and 0, respectively,according to national standards GB 15618—2018, while the over-standard rates of their available content were 100%, 68.89%, 48.89%,6.67%, 24.44%, 22.22%, and 40.00%, respectively, according to Fujian provincial local standards(DB 35/T 859—2016). In this study,the total content and available content of each heavy metal element had a significantly positive correlation, except for Cr and Ni. The potential hydrogen(pH)negatively influenced available Ni and Cd, while cation exchange capacity(CEC)had a positive influence on available Cd, Zn, and Ni. The effects of soil organic matter content on available Cu and Ni were positive, as well as the effect of free ferric oxide on available Zn. The results of geostatistical analysis determined that the total and available content of heavy metal elements were spatially autocorrelated due to nugget coefficients of less than 75%, where total Pb, total Cd, available Cd, total Cr, available Cr, total Cu, available Zn,total Ni, total As, and available As held stronger spatial autocorrelations according to nugget coefficients of less than 25%. The results of the health risk assessment demonstrated that the total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)of tuberous vegetables and leafy vegetables was greater than 1, which meaned that the study area was significantly threatened by compounding health risks. Moreover, children were more sensitive to various heavy metals than adults due to the target hazard quotient(THQ)of Cd in leafy vegetables, which was greater than 1. The heavy metal elements in this mining area were spatially autocorrelated, and crop safety hardly met the requirements for human health.
引文
[1]孟伟,范俊韬,张远.流域水生态系统健康与生态文明建设[J].环境科学研究, 2015, 28(10):1495-1500.MENG Wei, FAN Jun-tao, ZHANG Yuan. Freshwater ecosystem health and ecological civilization construction at the watershed scale[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 28(10):1495-1500.
[2] LüJ, Jiao W B, Qiu H Y, et al. Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment in mining areas at You′xi County southeast China[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 310:99-106.
[3]丛鑫,雷旭涛,付玲,等.海州煤矿矸石山周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].地球与环境, 2017, 45(3):329-335.CONG Xin, LEI Xu-tao, FU Ling, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils around the gangue heap of Haizhou coal mine, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017, 45(3):329-335.
[4] Yang Y, Jin Q, Fang J M, et al. Spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment, and potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s in surface sediments from the Huai River within the Bengbu section, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(12):11360-11370.
[5] Montuori P, Aurino S, Garzonio F, et al. Estimation of heavy metal loads from Tiber River to the Tyrrhenian Sea and environmental quality assessment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(23):23694-23713.
[6] Mahrnood A, Malik R N. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore, Pakistan[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2014, 7(1):91-99.
[7]余剑东,倪吾钟,杨肖娥,等.土壤重金属污染评价指标的研究进展[J].广东微量元素科学, 2002, 9(5):11-17.YU Jian-dong, NI Wu-zhong, YANG Xiao-e, et al. Current progress in evaluation indexes for heavy metals pollution in soils[J]. Guangdong Trace Elements Science, 2002, 9(5):11-17.
[8]邓林,李柱,吴龙华,等.水分及干燥过程对土壤重金属有效性的影响[J].土壤, 2014, 46(6):1045-1051.DENG Lin, LI Zhu, WU Long-hua, et al. Influence of moisture and drying process on soil heavy metal availability[J]. Soils, 2014, 46(6):1045-1051.
[9]雷鸣,廖柏寒,曾清如,等.两种污染土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn的EDTA萃取及形态变化[J].农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24(6):1233-1237.LEI Ming, LIAO Bo-han, ZENG Qing-ru, et al. EDTA extraction and changes of Pb, Cd, and Zn fractions in two contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2005, 24(6):1233-1237.
[10]杨胜香,袁志忠.湘西花垣矿区土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(5):1718-1724.YANG Sheng-xiang, YUAN Zhi-zhong. Heavy metal contamination and bioavailability in Huayuan manganese and lead/zinc mineland,Xiangxi[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(5):1718-1724.
[11]郑芳芳,袁建平,吴丹,等.昌化铅锌矿废弃地表层土壤重金属有效态分析与评价[J].西南农业学报, 2017, 30(12):2732-2738.ZHENG Fang-fang, YUAN Jian-ping, WU Dan, et al. Available content analysis and pollution evaluation of soil heavy metals in leadzinc abandoned mine in Changhua, Hainan Province[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 30(12):2732-2738.
[12]徐贤铭,汪丙国,胡永华,等.原阳县土壤表层重金属空间变异规律研究[J].土壤通报, 2010, 41(6):1484-1490.XU Xian-ming, WANG Bing-guo, HU Yong-hua, et al. Spatial variability of soil heavy metals in Yuanyang County[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(6):1484-1490.
[13]杨之江,陈效民,景峰,等.基于GIS和地统计学的稻田土壤养分与重金属空间变异[J].应用生态学报, 2018, 29(6):1893-1901.YANG Zhi-jiang, CHEN Xiao-min, JING Feng, et al. Spatial variability of nutrients and heavy metals in paddy field soils based on GIS and geostatistics[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(6):1893-1901.
[14] Shen F, Liao R M, Ali A, et al. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil near a Pb/Zn smelter in Feng County,China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 139:254-262.
[15]李小曼,刘勤,徐梦洁,等.苏南村镇土壤重金属空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(1):179-185.LI Xiao-man, LIU Qin, XU Meng-jie, et al. Spatial variability of heavy metal contents in towns of southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(1):179-185.
[16] Reza S K, Baruah U, Singh S K, et al. Geostatistical and multivariate analysis of soil heavy metal contamination near coal mining area,Northeastern India[J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2015, 73(9):5425-5433.
[17]臧亮,张贵军,张慧,等.黄骅市土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(5):337-342.ZANG Liang, ZHANG Gui-jun, ZHANG Hui, et al. Assessment on spatial variability and pollution of the heavy metal in soil of Huanghua City[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(5):337-342.
[18]张云霞,宋波,杨子杰,等.广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(2):239-249.ZHANG Yun-xia, SONG Bo, YANG Zi-jie, et al. Characteristics and remediation strategy of heavy-metal polluted agricultural soil near a lead and zinc mine in Guangxi[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(2):239-249.
[19]陈同斌,宋波,郑袁明,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镍含量及其健康风险[J].自然资源学报, 2006, 21(3):349-361.CHEN Tong-bin, SONG Bo, ZHENG Yuan-ming, et al. A survey of nickel concentrations in vegetables and vegetable soils of Beijing and their healthy risk[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(3):349-361.
[20]周雅,毕春娟,周枭潇,等.上海市郊工业区附近蔬菜中重金属分布及其健康风险[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(12):5292-5298.ZHOU Ya, BI Chun-juan, ZHOU Xiao-xiao, et al. Distribution characteristics and health risk for heavy metals in vegetables near the industrial areas in Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(12):5292-5298.
[21]福建省质量技术监督局.福建省农业土壤重金属污染分类标准DB 35/T 859—2008[S].福州:福建省地方标准, 2008.Fujian Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. Standard for heavy-metal pollution classification for agricultural soils in Fujian Province DB 35/T 859—2008[S]. Fuzhou:Fujian Provincial Local Standards, 2008.
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.LU Ru-kun. Soil argrochemistry analysis protocoes[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Science Press, 1999.
[23]杨慧.空间分析与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2013:137-139.YANG Hui. Spatial analysis and modeling[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2013:137-139.
[24]汤国安,杨昕. ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社, 2012.TANG Guo-an, YANG Xin. ArcGIS geographic information system spatial analysis experiment[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2012.
[25]司建华,冯起,鱼腾飞,等.额济纳绿洲土壤养分的空间异质性[J].生态学杂志, 2009, 28(12):2600-2606.SI Jian-hua, FENG Qi, YU Teng-fei, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Ejina oasis[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(12):2600-2606.
[26]杨彦,陆晓松,李定龙.我国环境健康风险评价研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志, 2014, 31(4):357-363.YANG Yan, LU Xiao-song, LI Ding-long. Research progress of environmental health risk assessment in China[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2014, 31(4):357-363.
[27]夏凤英,李政一,杨阳.南京市郊设施蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(2):183-187.XIA Feng-ying, LI Zheng-yi, YANG Yang. Concentration on analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetables of Nanjing suburb[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2011, 34(2):183-187.
[28]杜景东,高凡,王敬贤,等.京郊蔬菜重金属含量特征及安全评价[J].北京农学院学报, 2014, 29(3):42-46.DU Jing-dong, GAO Fan, WANG Jing-xian, et al. Concentration analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables of Beijing suburban[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture, 2014, 29(3):42-46.
[29]郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报, 2007, 27(4):672-678.ZHENG Na, WANG Qi-chao, ZHENG Dong-mei. Health risk assessment of heavy metals to residents by consuming vegetable irrigated around zinc smelting plant based THQ[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007, 27(4):672-678.
[30] Cherfi A, Achour M, Cherfi M, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals through consumption of vegetables irrigated with reclaimed urban wastewater in Algeria[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015, 98:245-252.
[31]朱维晃,毕华.海南省土壤中稀土元素的生物有效态含量和总量[J].生态环境, 2008, 17(3):1244-1249.ZHU Wei-huang, BI Hua. Bioavailable and total concentrations of rare earth elements in Hainan Island soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2008, 17(3):1244-1249.
[32]丁琮,陈志良,李核,等.长株潭地区农业土壤重金属全量与有效态含量的相关分析[J].生态环境学报, 2012, 21(12):2002-2006.DING Cong, CHEN Zhi-liang, LI He, et al. Correlation analysis of the heavy metal total contents and the available contents of agricultural soil in Chang-Zhu-Tan area[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012, 21(12):2002-2006.
[33]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(4):737-743.PANG Su, LI Ting-xuan, WANG Yong-dong, et al. Spatial variability and influencing factors of the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in cropland soil on county scales[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(4):737-743.
[34] Yang P G, Mao R Z, Shao H B, et al. An investigation on the distribution of eight hazardous heavy metals in the suburban farmland of China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167(1/2/3):1246-1251.
[35]郑袁明,陈煌,陈同斌,等.北京市土壤中Cr, Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(4):436-445.ZHENG Yuan-ming, CHEN Huang, CHEN Tong-bin, et al. Spatial distribution patterns of Cr and Ni soils of Beijing[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(4):436-445.
[36]郑睛之,王楚栋,王诗涵,等.典型小城市土壤重金属空间异质性及其风险评价:以临安市为例[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(6):2875-2883.ZHENG Qing-zhi, WANG Chu-dong, WANG Shi-han, et al. Spatial variation of soil heavy metals in Lin′an City and its potential risk evaluation[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(6):2875-2883.
[37]王彦斌,杨一鸣,曾亮,等.甘肃省榆中县菜地土壤与蔬菜中重金属含量及健康风险评估[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(6):234-241.WANG Yan-bin, YANG Yi-ming, ZENG Liang, et al. A survey of heavy metals concentrations in vegetables and soils in Yuzhong County of Gansu Province and their health risk[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(6):234-241.
[38]王北洪,马智宏,冯晓元,等.北京市蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6(7):2736-2745.WANG Bei-hong, MA Zhi-hong, FENG Xiao-yuan, et al. Concentrations and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in vegetables in Beijing[J]. Food Safety and Quality Detection Technology, 2015, 6(7):2736-2745.
[39] Hu W Y, Chen Y, Huang B, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from a typical greenhouse vegetable production system in China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2014, 20(5):1264-1280.
[40]冯宇佳,赵全利,孙洪欣,等.华北地区菜田土壤-蔬菜重金属污染状况和健康风险评价[J].河北农业大学学报, 2017, 40(1):1-7.FENG Yu-jia, ZHAO Quan-li, SUN Hong-xin, et al. Assessment of soil-vegetable contamination and health risk of heavy metals in vegetables around north China[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2017, 40(1):1-7.
[41]任艳军,马建军.秦皇岛市蔬菜中重金属污染状况及健康风险分析[J].安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(2):79-84.REN Yan-jun, MA Jian-jun. Concentration analysis in vegetables of Qinhuangdao City and their health-threatening hazards assessment of heavy metals[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2013, 13(2):79-84.
[2] LüJ, Jiao W B, Qiu H Y, et al. Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment in mining areas at You′xi County southeast China[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 310:99-106.
[3]丛鑫,雷旭涛,付玲,等.海州煤矿矸石山周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].地球与环境, 2017, 45(3):329-335.CONG Xin, LEI Xu-tao, FU Ling, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils around the gangue heap of Haizhou coal mine, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017, 45(3):329-335.
[4] Yang Y, Jin Q, Fang J M, et al. Spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment, and potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s in surface sediments from the Huai River within the Bengbu section, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24(12):11360-11370.
[5] Montuori P, Aurino S, Garzonio F, et al. Estimation of heavy metal loads from Tiber River to the Tyrrhenian Sea and environmental quality assessment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(23):23694-23713.
[6] Mahrnood A, Malik R N. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore, Pakistan[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2014, 7(1):91-99.
[7]余剑东,倪吾钟,杨肖娥,等.土壤重金属污染评价指标的研究进展[J].广东微量元素科学, 2002, 9(5):11-17.YU Jian-dong, NI Wu-zhong, YANG Xiao-e, et al. Current progress in evaluation indexes for heavy metals pollution in soils[J]. Guangdong Trace Elements Science, 2002, 9(5):11-17.
[8]邓林,李柱,吴龙华,等.水分及干燥过程对土壤重金属有效性的影响[J].土壤, 2014, 46(6):1045-1051.DENG Lin, LI Zhu, WU Long-hua, et al. Influence of moisture and drying process on soil heavy metal availability[J]. Soils, 2014, 46(6):1045-1051.
[9]雷鸣,廖柏寒,曾清如,等.两种污染土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Zn的EDTA萃取及形态变化[J].农业环境科学学报, 2005, 24(6):1233-1237.LEI Ming, LIAO Bo-han, ZENG Qing-ru, et al. EDTA extraction and changes of Pb, Cd, and Zn fractions in two contaminated soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2005, 24(6):1233-1237.
[10]杨胜香,袁志忠.湘西花垣矿区土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(5):1718-1724.YANG Sheng-xiang, YUAN Zhi-zhong. Heavy metal contamination and bioavailability in Huayuan manganese and lead/zinc mineland,Xiangxi[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(5):1718-1724.
[11]郑芳芳,袁建平,吴丹,等.昌化铅锌矿废弃地表层土壤重金属有效态分析与评价[J].西南农业学报, 2017, 30(12):2732-2738.ZHENG Fang-fang, YUAN Jian-ping, WU Dan, et al. Available content analysis and pollution evaluation of soil heavy metals in leadzinc abandoned mine in Changhua, Hainan Province[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 30(12):2732-2738.
[12]徐贤铭,汪丙国,胡永华,等.原阳县土壤表层重金属空间变异规律研究[J].土壤通报, 2010, 41(6):1484-1490.XU Xian-ming, WANG Bing-guo, HU Yong-hua, et al. Spatial variability of soil heavy metals in Yuanyang County[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(6):1484-1490.
[13]杨之江,陈效民,景峰,等.基于GIS和地统计学的稻田土壤养分与重金属空间变异[J].应用生态学报, 2018, 29(6):1893-1901.YANG Zhi-jiang, CHEN Xiao-min, JING Feng, et al. Spatial variability of nutrients and heavy metals in paddy field soils based on GIS and geostatistics[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(6):1893-1901.
[14] Shen F, Liao R M, Ali A, et al. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil near a Pb/Zn smelter in Feng County,China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 139:254-262.
[15]李小曼,刘勤,徐梦洁,等.苏南村镇土壤重金属空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(1):179-185.LI Xiao-man, LIU Qin, XU Meng-jie, et al. Spatial variability of heavy metal contents in towns of southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(1):179-185.
[16] Reza S K, Baruah U, Singh S K, et al. Geostatistical and multivariate analysis of soil heavy metal contamination near coal mining area,Northeastern India[J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2015, 73(9):5425-5433.
[17]臧亮,张贵军,张慧,等.黄骅市土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(5):337-342.ZANG Liang, ZHANG Gui-jun, ZHANG Hui, et al. Assessment on spatial variability and pollution of the heavy metal in soil of Huanghua City[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(5):337-342.
[18]张云霞,宋波,杨子杰,等.广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(2):239-249.ZHANG Yun-xia, SONG Bo, YANG Zi-jie, et al. Characteristics and remediation strategy of heavy-metal polluted agricultural soil near a lead and zinc mine in Guangxi[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(2):239-249.
[19]陈同斌,宋波,郑袁明,等.北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镍含量及其健康风险[J].自然资源学报, 2006, 21(3):349-361.CHEN Tong-bin, SONG Bo, ZHENG Yuan-ming, et al. A survey of nickel concentrations in vegetables and vegetable soils of Beijing and their healthy risk[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2006, 21(3):349-361.
[20]周雅,毕春娟,周枭潇,等.上海市郊工业区附近蔬菜中重金属分布及其健康风险[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(12):5292-5298.ZHOU Ya, BI Chun-juan, ZHOU Xiao-xiao, et al. Distribution characteristics and health risk for heavy metals in vegetables near the industrial areas in Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(12):5292-5298.
[21]福建省质量技术监督局.福建省农业土壤重金属污染分类标准DB 35/T 859—2008[S].福州:福建省地方标准, 2008.Fujian Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. Standard for heavy-metal pollution classification for agricultural soils in Fujian Province DB 35/T 859—2008[S]. Fuzhou:Fujian Provincial Local Standards, 2008.
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.LU Ru-kun. Soil argrochemistry analysis protocoes[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Science Press, 1999.
[23]杨慧.空间分析与建模[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2013:137-139.YANG Hui. Spatial analysis and modeling[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 2013:137-139.
[24]汤国安,杨昕. ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社, 2012.TANG Guo-an, YANG Xin. ArcGIS geographic information system spatial analysis experiment[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2012.
[25]司建华,冯起,鱼腾飞,等.额济纳绿洲土壤养分的空间异质性[J].生态学杂志, 2009, 28(12):2600-2606.SI Jian-hua, FENG Qi, YU Teng-fei, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Ejina oasis[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(12):2600-2606.
[26]杨彦,陆晓松,李定龙.我国环境健康风险评价研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志, 2014, 31(4):357-363.YANG Yan, LU Xiao-song, LI Ding-long. Research progress of environmental health risk assessment in China[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2014, 31(4):357-363.
[27]夏凤英,李政一,杨阳.南京市郊设施蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(2):183-187.XIA Feng-ying, LI Zheng-yi, YANG Yang. Concentration on analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetables of Nanjing suburb[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2011, 34(2):183-187.
[28]杜景东,高凡,王敬贤,等.京郊蔬菜重金属含量特征及安全评价[J].北京农学院学报, 2014, 29(3):42-46.DU Jing-dong, GAO Fan, WANG Jing-xian, et al. Concentration analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables of Beijing suburban[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture, 2014, 29(3):42-46.
[29]郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报, 2007, 27(4):672-678.ZHENG Na, WANG Qi-chao, ZHENG Dong-mei. Health risk assessment of heavy metals to residents by consuming vegetable irrigated around zinc smelting plant based THQ[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007, 27(4):672-678.
[30] Cherfi A, Achour M, Cherfi M, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals through consumption of vegetables irrigated with reclaimed urban wastewater in Algeria[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015, 98:245-252.
[31]朱维晃,毕华.海南省土壤中稀土元素的生物有效态含量和总量[J].生态环境, 2008, 17(3):1244-1249.ZHU Wei-huang, BI Hua. Bioavailable and total concentrations of rare earth elements in Hainan Island soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2008, 17(3):1244-1249.
[32]丁琮,陈志良,李核,等.长株潭地区农业土壤重金属全量与有效态含量的相关分析[J].生态环境学报, 2012, 21(12):2002-2006.DING Cong, CHEN Zhi-liang, LI He, et al. Correlation analysis of the heavy metal total contents and the available contents of agricultural soil in Chang-Zhu-Tan area[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012, 21(12):2002-2006.
[33]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学, 2010, 43(4):737-743.PANG Su, LI Ting-xuan, WANG Yong-dong, et al. Spatial variability and influencing factors of the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in cropland soil on county scales[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(4):737-743.
[34] Yang P G, Mao R Z, Shao H B, et al. An investigation on the distribution of eight hazardous heavy metals in the suburban farmland of China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167(1/2/3):1246-1251.
[35]郑袁明,陈煌,陈同斌,等.北京市土壤中Cr, Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(4):436-445.ZHENG Yuan-ming, CHEN Huang, CHEN Tong-bin, et al. Spatial distribution patterns of Cr and Ni soils of Beijing[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(4):436-445.
[36]郑睛之,王楚栋,王诗涵,等.典型小城市土壤重金属空间异质性及其风险评价:以临安市为例[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(6):2875-2883.ZHENG Qing-zhi, WANG Chu-dong, WANG Shi-han, et al. Spatial variation of soil heavy metals in Lin′an City and its potential risk evaluation[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(6):2875-2883.
[37]王彦斌,杨一鸣,曾亮,等.甘肃省榆中县菜地土壤与蔬菜中重金属含量及健康风险评估[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(6):234-241.WANG Yan-bin, YANG Yi-ming, ZENG Liang, et al. A survey of heavy metals concentrations in vegetables and soils in Yuzhong County of Gansu Province and their health risk[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(6):234-241.
[38]王北洪,马智宏,冯晓元,等.北京市蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6(7):2736-2745.WANG Bei-hong, MA Zhi-hong, FENG Xiao-yuan, et al. Concentrations and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in vegetables in Beijing[J]. Food Safety and Quality Detection Technology, 2015, 6(7):2736-2745.
[39] Hu W Y, Chen Y, Huang B, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from a typical greenhouse vegetable production system in China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2014, 20(5):1264-1280.
[40]冯宇佳,赵全利,孙洪欣,等.华北地区菜田土壤-蔬菜重金属污染状况和健康风险评价[J].河北农业大学学报, 2017, 40(1):1-7.FENG Yu-jia, ZHAO Quan-li, SUN Hong-xin, et al. Assessment of soil-vegetable contamination and health risk of heavy metals in vegetables around north China[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2017, 40(1):1-7.
[41]任艳军,马建军.秦皇岛市蔬菜中重金属污染状况及健康风险分析[J].安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(2):79-84.REN Yan-jun, MA Jian-jun. Concentration analysis in vegetables of Qinhuangdao City and their health-threatening hazards assessment of heavy metals[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2013, 13(2):79-84.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |