镉锌胁迫对小麦和2种杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
以蒸馏水为CK,测定重金属锌、镉单一胁迫对小麦、地肤和稗草种子萌发指标和幼苗生长指标的影响,采用隶属函数法综合评价3种植物对重金属锌、镉的耐性。结果表明:不同植物种子萌发和幼苗生长指标对2种重金属离子胁迫的响应不尽相同,随着Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度的增加,除Zn~(2+)浓度50 mg/L下活力指数高于CK外,3种植物种子的相对发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均有不同程度的降低。随Cd~(2+)浓度的增加,小麦和稗草幼苗的相对根长和相对芽长呈下降趋势,地肤在25 mg/L、50 mg/L的Cd~(2+)浓度处理下幼苗相对根长显著高于CK;在50,100,200和400 mg/L的Zn~(2+)处理下,稗草幼苗的相对根长显著高于CK,在50和100 mg/L的Zn~(2+)处理下稗草幼苗的相对芽长显著高于CK,在50 mg/L的Zn~(2+)处理下小麦和地肤幼苗的相对根长和相对芽长均显著高于CK。耐Cd~(2+)的强弱顺序为地肤>小麦>稗草,耐Zn~(2+)的强弱顺序为稗草>地肤>小麦。在萌发期2种杂草对Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)有较强的耐性,在重金属污染治理中有一定的应用潜力。
In this study, distilled water was used as CK to determine the effects of Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) single stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgalli and Kochia scoparia, and the tolerance of 3 kinds of plants to Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) was evaluated by membership function method. The results show that the response of the seeds germination and seedling growth of different seeds are not the same under the2 metal ions stresses. With the increase of Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) concentration, the relative seed germination rates, germination indices and the vigor indices of 3 kinds of plants decreased except that the vigor indices is higher than CK under 50 mg/L Zn~(2+) concentration. With the increase of Cd~(2+) concentration, the relative root length and relative shoot length of T. aestivum and E. crusgalli seedlings decrease and the relative root length of K. scoparia seedlings is significantly higher than CK under 25 and 50 mg/L Cd~(2+) concentration. The relative root length of E.crusgalli seedlings treated with Zn~(2+) of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L are significantly higher than CK. The relative shoot length of E. crusgalli seedlings treated with 50 and 100 mg/L Zn~(2+) are significantly higher than CK. The relative root length and relative shoot length of Triticum aestivumt and Kochia scoparia seedlings are significantly higher than CK under the treatment of 50 mg/L Zn~(2+). The resistance of seed to Cd~(2+) stress is ordered as K.scoparia > T. aestivum > E. crusgalli, and to Zn~(2+) stress is ordered as E. crusgalli > K. scoparia > T. aestivum.Comprehensive analysis shows that Kochia scoparia and Echinochloa crusgalli seeds have strong resistance to Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) respectively during seed germination period.
In this study, distilled water was used as CK to determine the effects of Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) single stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgalli and Kochia scoparia, and the tolerance of 3 kinds of plants to Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+) was evaluated by membership function method. The results show that the response of the seeds germination and seedling growth of different seeds are not the same under the2 metal ions stresses. With the increase of Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) concentration, the relative seed germination rates, germination indices and the vigor indices of 3 kinds of plants decreased except that the vigor indices is higher than CK under 50 mg/L Zn~(2+) concentration. With the increase of Cd~(2+) concentration, the relative root length and relative shoot length of T. aestivum and E. crusgalli seedlings decrease and the relative root length of K. scoparia seedlings is significantly higher than CK under 25 and 50 mg/L Cd~(2+) concentration. The relative root length of E.crusgalli seedlings treated with Zn~(2+) of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L are significantly higher than CK. The relative shoot length of E. crusgalli seedlings treated with 50 and 100 mg/L Zn~(2+) are significantly higher than CK. The relative root length and relative shoot length of Triticum aestivumt and Kochia scoparia seedlings are significantly higher than CK under the treatment of 50 mg/L Zn~(2+). The resistance of seed to Cd~(2+) stress is ordered as K.scoparia > T. aestivum > E. crusgalli, and to Zn~(2+) stress is ordered as E. crusgalli > K. scoparia > T. aestivum.Comprehensive analysis shows that Kochia scoparia and Echinochloa crusgalli seeds have strong resistance to Cd~(2+) and Zn~(2+) respectively during seed germination period.
引文
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[11]周秋峰,于沐,赵建国,等.重金属胁迫对小麦生长发育及相关生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):1-8.
[12]刘拥海,俞乐,林馥丽.不同重金属胁迫对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗初期生长影响的差异[J].种子,2007,26(11):41-44.
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[15]姚晓华,吴昆仑.PEG预处理对青稞种子萌发、幼苗生长和抗旱性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(6):80-87.
[16]刘佳,徐昌旭,曹卫东,等.PEG胁迫下15份紫云英种质材料萌发期的抗旱性鉴定[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):18-25.
[17]汪建军,麻安卫,汪治刚,等.不同温度和PEU处理对中华羊茅种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):73-80.
[18]李大培,李生萍,高向倩,等.安康‘紫仁’核桃响应干旱胁迫的生理评价研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):202-206.
[19]熊贤荣,欧静,龙海燕,等.干旱胁迫对桃叶杜鹃菌根苗生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):34-40.
[20]帅海威,孟永杰,罗晓峰,等.生长素调控种子的休眠与萌发[J].遗传,2016,38(4):314-322.
[21]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
[22]刘茵.Cd2+、Zn2+对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(18):3798-3800.
[23]鱼小军,张建文,潘涛涛,等.铜、镉、铅对7种豆科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):793-803.
[24]周青,黄晓华,彭方晴,等.La-Gly配合物对Cd伤害小白菜的影响[J].环境科学,1999,6(1):91-94.
[25]张春荣,李红,夏立江,等.镉、锌对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗的影响[J].华北农学报,2005,20(1):96-99.
[26]葛成军,陈秋波,俞花美,等.Cd胁迫对2种热带牧草种子发芽与根伸长的抑制效应[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):567-571.
[27]慈恩,高明,王子芳,等.镉对紫花苜蓿种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):96-98.
[2]王树会,许美玲.重金属铅胁迫对不同烟草品种种子发芽的影响[J].种子,2006,25(8):27-29.
[3]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[4]陶玲,任珺,祝广华,等.重金属对植物种子萌发的影响研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(S):52-57.
[5]Nedelkoska T V,Doran P M.Characteristics of heavy metal uptake by plants species with potential for phytoremediation and phytomining[J].Minerals Engineering,2000,13(5):549-561.
[6]Hall J L.Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(366):1-11.
[7]张大鹏,蔡春菊,范少辉,等.重金属Pb2+和Cd2+对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):500-504.
[8]何俊瑜,任艳芳.镉胁迫对水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长和淀粉酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(S):131-134.
[9]宋玉芳,许华夏,任丽萍,等.土壤重金属对白菜种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒性效应[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):103-107.
[10]董春燕.镉胁迫对三叶草种子形态指标、光合色素含量及酶活性的影响[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(6):35-39.
[11]周秋峰,于沐,赵建国,等.重金属胁迫对小麦生长发育及相关生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(33):1-8.
[12]刘拥海,俞乐,林馥丽.不同重金属胁迫对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗初期生长影响的差异[J].种子,2007,26(11):41-44.
[13]国家环境保护局科技标准司.土壤环境质量标准:GB15618-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[14]肖红,徐长林,鱼小军,等.不同产地扁蓿豆种子萌发期抗旱性综合评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(5):73-77,265.
[15]姚晓华,吴昆仑.PEG预处理对青稞种子萌发、幼苗生长和抗旱性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(6):80-87.
[16]刘佳,徐昌旭,曹卫东,等.PEG胁迫下15份紫云英种质材料萌发期的抗旱性鉴定[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(6):18-25.
[17]汪建军,麻安卫,汪治刚,等.不同温度和PEU处理对中华羊茅种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(4):73-80.
[18]李大培,李生萍,高向倩,等.安康‘紫仁’核桃响应干旱胁迫的生理评价研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):202-206.
[19]熊贤荣,欧静,龙海燕,等.干旱胁迫对桃叶杜鹃菌根苗生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):34-40.
[20]帅海威,孟永杰,罗晓峰,等.生长素调控种子的休眠与萌发[J].遗传,2016,38(4):314-322.
[21]陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳,等.重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):556-563.
[22]刘茵.Cd2+、Zn2+对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(18):3798-3800.
[23]鱼小军,张建文,潘涛涛,等.铜、镉、铅对7种豆科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):793-803.
[24]周青,黄晓华,彭方晴,等.La-Gly配合物对Cd伤害小白菜的影响[J].环境科学,1999,6(1):91-94.
[25]张春荣,李红,夏立江,等.镉、锌对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗的影响[J].华北农学报,2005,20(1):96-99.
[26]葛成军,陈秋波,俞花美,等.Cd胁迫对2种热带牧草种子发芽与根伸长的抑制效应[J].热带作物学报,2008,29(5):567-571.
[27]慈恩,高明,王子芳,等.镉对紫花苜蓿种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):96-98.