基于Markov模型与GO法的智能变电站继电保护系统实时可靠性分析
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摘要
智能变电站的全站信息数字化为继电保护信息的实时采集提供了基础,但是智能变电站继电保护系统可靠性的分析还停留在滞后于实时运行状态的估算阶段。以智能变电站采集实时报文数据作为继电保护系统在线监测数据,研究了继电保护装置的实时可靠性。首先从智能变电站在线监测出发,对智能变电站报文进行分类,确定继电保护装置的状态划分。然后通过Markov模型对继电保护装置的可靠性进行分析,并根据多状态的特点,使用GO法对继电保护系统可靠性进行分析,实现了继电保护装置和系统的实时可靠性分析功能。最后以某变电站线路保护系统为算例,证明了该方法为智能变电站保护系统实时可靠性的分析提供了有效手段。
The digitization of total station information in intelligent substation provides the basis for real-time acquisition of relay protection information, however, the reliability analysis of relay protection system in intelligent substation remains in the estimation stage which is lagging behind the real-time operation state. This paper studies the real-time reliability of relay protection device by using the real-time message data of intelligent substation as the online monitoring data of relay protection system. First, from the online monitoring of intelligent substation, this paper classifies the message of intelligent substation and determines the state division of relay protection device. Second, the reliability of relay protection device is analyzed by Markov model, and GO method is used to analyze the reliability of relay protection system based on the characteristics of multimode so as to achieve the real-time reliability analysis function of relay protection device and system. Lastly, this method provides an effective means for the analysis of real-time reliability of intelligent substation protection system is proved by the example of a substation line protection system.
The digitization of total station information in intelligent substation provides the basis for real-time acquisition of relay protection information, however, the reliability analysis of relay protection system in intelligent substation remains in the estimation stage which is lagging behind the real-time operation state. This paper studies the real-time reliability of relay protection device by using the real-time message data of intelligent substation as the online monitoring data of relay protection system. First, from the online monitoring of intelligent substation, this paper classifies the message of intelligent substation and determines the state division of relay protection device. Second, the reliability of relay protection device is analyzed by Markov model, and GO method is used to analyze the reliability of relay protection system based on the characteristics of multimode so as to achieve the real-time reliability analysis function of relay protection device and system. Lastly, this method provides an effective means for the analysis of real-time reliability of intelligent substation protection system is proved by the example of a substation line protection system.
引文
[1]冯军.智能变电站原理及测试技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011.
[2]BERESH R,CIUFO J,ANDERS G.Basic fault tree analysis for use in protection reliability[C]//Power Systems Conference:Advanced Metering,Protection,Control,Communication,and Distributed Resources,March 13-16,2007,Clemson,SC,USA:1-7.
[3]戴志辉,王增平,焦彦军.基于动态故障树与蒙特卡罗仿真的保护系统动态可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):105-113.DAI Zhihui,WANG Zengping,JIAO Yanjun.Dynamic reliability assessment of protection system based on dynamic fault tree and Monte Carlo simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):105-113.
[4]王超,王慧芳,张弛,等.数字化变电站继电保护系统的可靠性建模研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):8-13.WANG Chao,WANG Huifang,ZHANG Chi,et al.Study of reliability modeling for relay protection system in digital substations[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):8-13.
[5]刘洋,马进,张籍,等.考虑继电保护系统的新一代智能变电站可靠性评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):147-154.LIU Yang,MA Jin,ZHANG Ji,et al.Reliability evaluation of a new generation smart substation considering relay protection system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):147-154.
[6]王同文,谢民,孙月琴,等.智能变电站继电保护系统可靠性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(6):58-66.WANG Tongwen,XIE Min,SUN Yueqin,et al.Analysis of reliability for relay protection systems in smart substation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(6):58-66.
[7]宋人杰,陈禹名.基于变权系数的继电保护状态模糊综合评价方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):46-50.SONG Renjie,CHEN Yuming.Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of relay protection based on variable weight value[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):46-50.
[8]何旭,姜宪国,张沛超,等.基于SVM的小样本条件下继电保护可靠性参数估计[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1432-1437.HE Xu,JIANG Xianguo,ZHANG Peichao,et al.SVMbased parameter estimation of relay protection reliability with small samples[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1432-1437.
[9]戴志辉,李芷筠,焦彦军,等.基于BP神经网络的小样本失效数据下继电保护可靠性评估[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(11):129-134.DAI Zhihui,LI Zhijun,JIAO Yanjun,et al.Reliability assessment based on BP neural network for relay protection system with a few failure data samples[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(11):129-134.
[10]张雪松,王超,程晓东.基于马尔可夫状态空间法的超高压电网继电保护系统可靠性分析模型[J].电网技术,2008,32(13):94-99.ZHANG Xuesong,WANG Chao,CHENG Xiaodong.Reliability analysis model for protective relaying system of UHV power network based on Markov state-space method[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(13):94-99.
[11]戴志辉,张天宇,刘譞,等.面向状态检修的智能变电站保护系统可靠性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):14-21.DAI Zhihui,ZHANG Tianyu,LIU Xuan,et al.Research on smart substation protection system reliability for condition-based maintenance[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):14-21.
[12]侯昭武.隐马尔可夫模型的拓朴应用[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(6):71-74.HOU Zhaowu.Hidden markov model topological application[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),2009,37(6):71-74.
[13]薛安成,王睿琛,刘蔚,等.继电保护装置恒定失效率估算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(4):6-10.XUE Ancheng,WANG Ruichen,LIU Wei,et al.Estimation methods for constant failure rate of protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(4):6-10.
[14]王睿琛,薛安成,毕天姝,等.继电保护装置时变失效率估算及其区域性差异分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(5):11-15.WANG Ruichen,XUE Ancheng,BI Tianshu,et al.Time-varying failure rate estimation of relay protection devices and their regional differences analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(5):11-15.
[15]呼文强,陈博,李颖瑾,等.智能变电站综合IED的研究与设计[J].智慧电力,2017,45(10):83-87.HU Wenqiang,CHEN Bo,LI Yingjin,et al.Research and design of integrated IED for smart substation[J].Smart Power,2017,45(10):83-87.
[16]刘譞,李川.基于多层次架构的继电保护在线状态评价方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):113-120.LIU Xuan,LI Chuan.An online evaluation method of relay protection operation state based on multi-level framework[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):113-120.
[17]肖繁,王紫薇,张哲,等.基于状态监测的继电保护系统检修策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(6):74-83.XIAO Fan,WANG Ziwei,ZHANG Zhe,et al.Study on maintenance strategy of relay protection system based on condition monitoring[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(6):74-83.
[18]刘世丹,袁亮荣,曾耿晖,等.一种基于IEC 61850统一建模的多智能变电站数据共享方案[J].广东电力,2017,30(8):109-112.LIU Shidan,YUAN Liangrong,ZENG Genghui,et al.Unified modeling data sharing plan for multi-intelligent substations based on IEC 61850[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(8):109-112.
[19]中国电力科学研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-1部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构原理和模型:DL/T 860.71-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.China Electric Power Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-1 basic communication structure for substations and feeder equipment principles and models:DL/T 860.71-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[20]中国电力科学研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-2部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构抽象通信服务接口(ACSI):DL/T 860.72-2004[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.China Electric Power Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-2:basic communication structure for substations and feeder equipment-abstract communication service interface:DL/T860.71-2004[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004.
[21]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-3部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构.公用数据类:DL/T 860.73-2004[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-3:basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment common data classes:DL/T 860.71-2004[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004.
[22]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第9-1部分:特定通信服务映射(SCSM)单向多路点对点串行通信链路上的采样值:DL/T 860.91-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 9-1:specific communication service mapping(SCSM)-serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link:DL/T860.91-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[23]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第9-2部分:特定通信服务映射(SCSM)映射到ISO/IEC 8802-3的采样:DL/T 860.92-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 9-2:specific communication service mapping(SCSM)-sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3:DL/T 860.92-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[24]刘世丹,袁亮荣,曾耿晖,等.基于同步功能改进的智能变电站区域保护系统[J].广东电力,2017,30(7):35-39.LIU Shidan,YUAN Liangrong,ZENG Genghui,et al.Regional protection system of intelligent substation based on synchronization improvement[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(7):35-39.
[25]APOSTOLOV A.Efficient maintenance testing in digital substations based on IEC 61850 edition 2[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):407-420.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0054-0.
[26]沈祖培,高佳.GO法原理和改进的定量分析方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1999,39(6):15-19.SHEN Zupei,GAO Jia.GO methodology and improved quantification of system reliability[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1999,39(6):15-19.
[2]BERESH R,CIUFO J,ANDERS G.Basic fault tree analysis for use in protection reliability[C]//Power Systems Conference:Advanced Metering,Protection,Control,Communication,and Distributed Resources,March 13-16,2007,Clemson,SC,USA:1-7.
[3]戴志辉,王增平,焦彦军.基于动态故障树与蒙特卡罗仿真的保护系统动态可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):105-113.DAI Zhihui,WANG Zengping,JIAO Yanjun.Dynamic reliability assessment of protection system based on dynamic fault tree and Monte Carlo simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):105-113.
[4]王超,王慧芳,张弛,等.数字化变电站继电保护系统的可靠性建模研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):8-13.WANG Chao,WANG Huifang,ZHANG Chi,et al.Study of reliability modeling for relay protection system in digital substations[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):8-13.
[5]刘洋,马进,张籍,等.考虑继电保护系统的新一代智能变电站可靠性评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):147-154.LIU Yang,MA Jin,ZHANG Ji,et al.Reliability evaluation of a new generation smart substation considering relay protection system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):147-154.
[6]王同文,谢民,孙月琴,等.智能变电站继电保护系统可靠性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(6):58-66.WANG Tongwen,XIE Min,SUN Yueqin,et al.Analysis of reliability for relay protection systems in smart substation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(6):58-66.
[7]宋人杰,陈禹名.基于变权系数的继电保护状态模糊综合评价方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):46-50.SONG Renjie,CHEN Yuming.Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of relay protection based on variable weight value[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):46-50.
[8]何旭,姜宪国,张沛超,等.基于SVM的小样本条件下继电保护可靠性参数估计[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1432-1437.HE Xu,JIANG Xianguo,ZHANG Peichao,et al.SVMbased parameter estimation of relay protection reliability with small samples[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1432-1437.
[9]戴志辉,李芷筠,焦彦军,等.基于BP神经网络的小样本失效数据下继电保护可靠性评估[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(11):129-134.DAI Zhihui,LI Zhijun,JIAO Yanjun,et al.Reliability assessment based on BP neural network for relay protection system with a few failure data samples[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(11):129-134.
[10]张雪松,王超,程晓东.基于马尔可夫状态空间法的超高压电网继电保护系统可靠性分析模型[J].电网技术,2008,32(13):94-99.ZHANG Xuesong,WANG Chao,CHENG Xiaodong.Reliability analysis model for protective relaying system of UHV power network based on Markov state-space method[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(13):94-99.
[11]戴志辉,张天宇,刘譞,等.面向状态检修的智能变电站保护系统可靠性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):14-21.DAI Zhihui,ZHANG Tianyu,LIU Xuan,et al.Research on smart substation protection system reliability for condition-based maintenance[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):14-21.
[12]侯昭武.隐马尔可夫模型的拓朴应用[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(6):71-74.HOU Zhaowu.Hidden markov model topological application[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),2009,37(6):71-74.
[13]薛安成,王睿琛,刘蔚,等.继电保护装置恒定失效率估算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(4):6-10.XUE Ancheng,WANG Ruichen,LIU Wei,et al.Estimation methods for constant failure rate of protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(4):6-10.
[14]王睿琛,薛安成,毕天姝,等.继电保护装置时变失效率估算及其区域性差异分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(5):11-15.WANG Ruichen,XUE Ancheng,BI Tianshu,et al.Time-varying failure rate estimation of relay protection devices and their regional differences analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(5):11-15.
[15]呼文强,陈博,李颖瑾,等.智能变电站综合IED的研究与设计[J].智慧电力,2017,45(10):83-87.HU Wenqiang,CHEN Bo,LI Yingjin,et al.Research and design of integrated IED for smart substation[J].Smart Power,2017,45(10):83-87.
[16]刘譞,李川.基于多层次架构的继电保护在线状态评价方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):113-120.LIU Xuan,LI Chuan.An online evaluation method of relay protection operation state based on multi-level framework[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):113-120.
[17]肖繁,王紫薇,张哲,等.基于状态监测的继电保护系统检修策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(6):74-83.XIAO Fan,WANG Ziwei,ZHANG Zhe,et al.Study on maintenance strategy of relay protection system based on condition monitoring[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(6):74-83.
[18]刘世丹,袁亮荣,曾耿晖,等.一种基于IEC 61850统一建模的多智能变电站数据共享方案[J].广东电力,2017,30(8):109-112.LIU Shidan,YUAN Liangrong,ZENG Genghui,et al.Unified modeling data sharing plan for multi-intelligent substations based on IEC 61850[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(8):109-112.
[19]中国电力科学研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-1部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构原理和模型:DL/T 860.71-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.China Electric Power Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-1 basic communication structure for substations and feeder equipment principles and models:DL/T 860.71-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[20]中国电力科学研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-2部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构抽象通信服务接口(ACSI):DL/T 860.72-2004[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.China Electric Power Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-2:basic communication structure for substations and feeder equipment-abstract communication service interface:DL/T860.71-2004[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004.
[21]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第7-3部分:变电站和馈线设备的基本通信结构.公用数据类:DL/T 860.73-2004[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 7-3:basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment common data classes:DL/T 860.71-2004[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2004.
[22]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第9-1部分:特定通信服务映射(SCSM)单向多路点对点串行通信链路上的采样值:DL/T 860.91-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 9-1:specific communication service mapping(SCSM)-serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link:DL/T860.91-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[23]国电自动化研究院.变电站通信网络和系统第9-2部分:特定通信服务映射(SCSM)映射到ISO/IEC 8802-3的采样:DL/T 860.92-2006[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.Nanjing Automation Research Institute.Communication networks and systems in substations part 9-2:specific communication service mapping(SCSM)-sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3:DL/T 860.92-2006[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006.
[24]刘世丹,袁亮荣,曾耿晖,等.基于同步功能改进的智能变电站区域保护系统[J].广东电力,2017,30(7):35-39.LIU Shidan,YUAN Liangrong,ZENG Genghui,et al.Regional protection system of intelligent substation based on synchronization improvement[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(7):35-39.
[25]APOSTOLOV A.Efficient maintenance testing in digital substations based on IEC 61850 edition 2[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):407-420.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0054-0.
[26]沈祖培,高佳.GO法原理和改进的定量分析方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1999,39(6):15-19.SHEN Zupei,GAO Jia.GO methodology and improved quantification of system reliability[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1999,39(6):15-19.