保护性耕作下蚕豆生育期土壤有机碳、氮含量变化与分布特征
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摘要
为研究西南紫色土丘陵区坡耕地长期保护性耕作下旱作蚕豆不同生育时期农田土壤有机碳、氮相关组分分布特征,进而优化保护性耕作措施、改善土壤肥力。试验采用传统耕作、垄作、传统耕作+秸秆半量覆盖、垄作+秸秆半量覆盖、传统耕作+秸秆全量覆盖、垄作+秸秆全量覆盖6个处理。结果表明:在不同处理下,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、活性有机碳(AOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、水溶性氮(DN)的含量分布均表现出0～10>10～20 cm土层,且随时间变化整体波动均不大。蚕豆生育期内,无秸秆覆盖条件下,垄作较平作提高了土壤总有机碳、土壤全氮、活性有机碳和颗粒有机碳的含量,但在秸秆覆盖条件下,垄作却降低了土壤总有机碳和颗粒有机碳的含量,且随着秸秆覆盖量的增加土壤颗粒有机碳和活性有机碳含量下降。同时,无论平作或垄作,秸秆覆盖较无秸秆覆盖均有利于土壤总有机碳、土壤全氮、活性有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量的提升。相关性分析表明,TOC与TN、DN、AOC之间呈显著正相关,TN与POC、DN、AOC之间呈显著正相关,POC仅表现出与DOC显著正相关,DOC与DN呈极显著正相关,DN则与AOC为极显著正相关关系。总之,单一垄作措施或秸秆覆盖能更有利于改善土壤碳、氮状况,且土壤有机碳、氮不同组分之间存在一定的耦合关系。
In order to optimize the conservation tillage measures and improve the soil fertility, the study of soil organic carbon and nitrogen distribution characteristics and content changes of different growth stages in broad bean growth period under long-term conservation tillage in southwest China was implemented. There were six treatments including traditional tillage, ridge tillage, traditional tillage with half amount of straw mulching, ridge tillage with half amount of straw mulching, traditional tillage with full amount of straw mulching, ridge tillage with full amount of straw mulching. The results show that soil total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), active organic carbon(AOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), the content of water soluble nitrogen(DN) distribution decreased in the order:0-10 cm layer > 10-20 cm layer under the different treatments. And the overall fluctuations are not large over time. During the period of broad bean growth, under the conditions of no straw mulching, soil TOC, TN, AOC and POC of ridge tillage are more than traditional tillage. However, with straw mulching, ridge tillage reduced soil TOC and POC, and with the increase of straw mulch, the contents of soil AOC and POC decreased. At the same time, whether flat or ridge, straw mulching was better than no straw mulching in terms of improving soil TOC, TN, AOC and POC. Correlation analysis showed that TOC was significantly related to TN, DN, AOC; TN was significantly related to POC, DN, AOC; POC was only correlated significantly with DOC; DOC was significantly positively correlated to DN; DN was very significantly positively correlated to AOC. The results showed that single ridge tillage or straw mulching could more effectively improve the status of soil carbon and nitrogen; and there was a certain coupling relationship between the different components of soil organic carbon and nitrogen.
In order to optimize the conservation tillage measures and improve the soil fertility, the study of soil organic carbon and nitrogen distribution characteristics and content changes of different growth stages in broad bean growth period under long-term conservation tillage in southwest China was implemented. There were six treatments including traditional tillage, ridge tillage, traditional tillage with half amount of straw mulching, ridge tillage with half amount of straw mulching, traditional tillage with full amount of straw mulching, ridge tillage with full amount of straw mulching. The results show that soil total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), active organic carbon(AOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), the content of water soluble nitrogen(DN) distribution decreased in the order:0-10 cm layer > 10-20 cm layer under the different treatments. And the overall fluctuations are not large over time. During the period of broad bean growth, under the conditions of no straw mulching, soil TOC, TN, AOC and POC of ridge tillage are more than traditional tillage. However, with straw mulching, ridge tillage reduced soil TOC and POC, and with the increase of straw mulch, the contents of soil AOC and POC decreased. At the same time, whether flat or ridge, straw mulching was better than no straw mulching in terms of improving soil TOC, TN, AOC and POC. Correlation analysis showed that TOC was significantly related to TN, DN, AOC; TN was significantly related to POC, DN, AOC; POC was only correlated significantly with DOC; DOC was significantly positively correlated to DN; DN was very significantly positively correlated to AOC. The results showed that single ridge tillage or straw mulching could more effectively improve the status of soil carbon and nitrogen; and there was a certain coupling relationship between the different components of soil organic carbon and nitrogen.
引文
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[5] 张海林,孙国峰,陈继康,等.保护性耕作对农田碳效应影响研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(12):4275-4281.ZHANG H L,SUN G F,CHEN J K,et al.Advances in research on effects of conservation tillage on soil carbon[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42( 12) :4275-4281.
[6] 徐国鑫,王子芳,高明,等.秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):355-362.XU G X,WANG Z F,GAO M,et al.Effects of straw and biochar return in soil on soil aggregate and carbon sequestration[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):355-362.
[7] 王卫,李秀彬.中国耕地有机质含量变化对土地生产力影响的定量研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(1):24-28.WANG W,LI X B.Study on the marginal productivity of cultivated land with change of soil organic matter in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(1):24-28.
[8] 薛建福,赵鑫,Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe,等.保护性耕作对农田碳、氮效应的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6006-6013.XUE J F,ZHAO X,DIKGWATLHE S B,et al.Advances in effects of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon and nitrogen[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19) :6006-6013.
[9] 王龙昌,邹聪明,张云兰,等.西南“旱三熟”地区不同保护性耕作措施对农田土壤生态效应及生产效益的影响[J].作物学报.2013,39(10):1880-1890.WANG L C,ZOU C M,ZHANG Y L,et al.Influences of conservation tillage practices on farmland soil ecological factors and productive benefits in dryland region with triple cropping system in southwest China[J].The Crop Journal,2013,39(10):1880-1890.
[10] 胡乃娟,张四伟,杨敏芳,等.秸秆还田与耕作方式对稻麦轮作农田土壤碳库及结构的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(4):7-12.HU N J,ZHANG S W,YANG M F,et al.Effects of different tillage and straw return on soil carbon pool and soil structure under rice-wheat rotation system[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2013,36(4):7-12.
[11] USSIRI D A N,LAL R.Long-term tillage effects on soil carbon storage and carbon dioxide emissions in continuous corn cropping system from an alfisol in Ohio[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,104(1):39-47.
[12] 袁嫚嫚,邬刚,胡润,等.秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):27-35.YUAN M M,WU G,HU R,et al.Effects of straw returning plus fertilization on soil organic carbon components and crop yields in rice-rapeseed rotation system[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(1):27-35.
[13] BLAIR G J,LEFROY R D B.Soil C fractions based on their degree of oxidation and the development of a C management index for agricultural systems[J].Australian Journal Agricultural Research,1995(46):1459-1466.
[14] FRANZLUEBBERS A J,ARSHAD M A.Particulate organic carbon content and potential mineralization as affected by tillage and texture[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61:1382-1386.
[15] 冯锦,崔东,孙国军,等.新疆土壤有机碳与土壤理化性质的相关性[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):692-697.FENG J,CUI D,SUN G J,et al.Soil organic carbon in relation to soil physicochemical properties in Xinjiang[J].Pratacultural science,2017,34(4):692-697.
[16] 沈宏,曹志洪.不同农田生态系统土壤碳库管理指数的研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):663-668.SHEN H,CAO Z H.Study on soil C pool management index of different farmland ecosystems[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(4):663-668.
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[20] 张赛,王龙昌,黄邵存,等.土壤活性有机碳不同组分对保护性耕作的响应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):226-231.ZHANG S,WANG L C,HUANG S C,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on active soil organic carbon composition[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(2):226-231.
[21] 杨益,牛得草,文海燕,等.贺兰山不同海拔土壤颗粒有机碳、氮特征[J].草业学报.2012,21(3):54-60.YANG Y,NIU D C,WEN H Y,et al.Responses of soil particulate organic carbon and nitrogen along an altitudinal gradient on the He Lan mountain,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinice,2012,21(3):54-60.
[22] 骆坤,胡荣桂,张文菊,等.黑土有机碳、氮及其活性对长期施肥的响应[J]:环境科学.2013,34(2):676-684.LUO K,HU R G,ZHANG W J,et al.Response of black soil organic carbon,nitrogen and its availability to long term fertilization[J].Environmental Science,2013,4(2):677-684.
[23] 毛海兰,王俊,付鑫,等.秸秆和地膜覆盖条件下玉米农田土壤有机碳组分生长季动态[J].中国生态农业学报.2018,26(3):347-356.MAO H L,WANG J,FU X,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil organic carbon fractions under straw and plastic film mulching of spring maize[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(3):347-356.
[24] 吴玉红,郝兴顺,田霄鸿,等.秸秆还田对汉中盆地稻田土壤有机碳组分、碳储量及水稻产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31 (4) :325-331.WU Y H,HAO X S,TIAN X H,et al.Effect of straw returning on the contents of soil organic carbon fractions,carbon storage and crop yields of paddy field in Hanzhong Basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31 (4):325-331.
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