近景摄影测量技术在坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率研究中的应用
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摘要
以5°,10°,20°的紫色土坡耕地为研究对象,分别进行5,10,15次强度的模拟耕作试验,在此基础上采用60L/min的流量进行3轮放水冲刷试验,采用近景摄影测量技术监测试验前后紫色土坡耕地小区的地形变化,通过生成高精度DEM数据计算土壤流失体积,并采用插钎法测量土层深度变化,验证近景摄影测量技术测定地形变化的准确度,进而推算不同坡度条件下的紫色土坡耕地耕作侵蚀速率和水力侵蚀速率。结果表明:(1)采用近景摄影测量技术能够准确监测地形变化,其测算结果与插钎法的结果比较接近,且通过计算土壤流失体积推算土壤侵蚀速率的方法比较可靠,精度较高;(2)紫色土坡耕地在坡度为5°,10°,20°条件下平均耕作侵蚀速率分别为69.85,131.45,155.34t/(hm2·tillage pass),耕作侵蚀速率随坡度增加呈增加趋势,随着耕作次数增加则呈逐渐减小的趋势;(3)紫色土坡耕地在坡度为5°,10°,20°条件下平均水力侵蚀速率分别为1 892.52,2 961.76,4 405.93t/(hm2·h),水力侵蚀速率与坡度呈正相关关系,与此同时,随着耕作强度的增加,水力侵蚀也呈逐渐增大的趋势,表明耕作侵蚀对水力侵蚀有加速作用。该研究为紫色土坡耕地耕作侵蚀和水力侵蚀交互作用下的土壤侵蚀研究提供技术支撑和数据基础。
To determinate tillage erosion rate and hydraulic erosion rate of purple soil under different slope gradients,a series of simulated tillage experiments(5,10,and 15 operation tillage)were conducted on 5°,10°,and 20°slope farmlands,respectively.Then a series of scouring experiments with water discharge of 60 L/min were carried out on those slopes.Close-range photogrammetry technology was used to monitor the landform changes of purple slope farmland,and the high resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)were generated to calculate the net soil loss volume.Meanwhile,erosion pins were used to verify the accuracy of close-range photogrammetry technology by measuring the depth variation of soil layer,and the erosion rate and hydraulic erosion rate of purple slope farmland under different slope conditions were calculated.Results showed that the close-range photogrammetry technology was reliable and efficient to monitor landform changes and calculate the soil erosion rates.The calculated results of DEMs were similar to those of erosion pins.The average tillage erosion rates were 69.85,131.45 and 155.34 t/(hm2·tillage pass)on 5°,10°and 20°purple slope farmland,respectively,and tillage erosion rate showed an increase trend with the increasing of slope gradient,while it decreased with the increasing of tillage intensity.The average hydraulic erosion rates were 1 892.52,2 961.76 and 4 405.93 t/(hm2·h)on 5°,10°and 20°purple slope farmland,respectively.Hydraulic erosion rate was positively related to the slope gradient.Meanwhile,hydraulic erosion rate showed an increase trend with the increasing of tillage intensity,indicating that tillage erosion would accelerate thehydraulic erosion.These results could provide technical support and data foundation to the studies about soil erosion in purple slope farmland under tillage erosion and hydraulic erosion.
To determinate tillage erosion rate and hydraulic erosion rate of purple soil under different slope gradients,a series of simulated tillage experiments(5,10,and 15 operation tillage)were conducted on 5°,10°,and 20°slope farmlands,respectively.Then a series of scouring experiments with water discharge of 60 L/min were carried out on those slopes.Close-range photogrammetry technology was used to monitor the landform changes of purple slope farmland,and the high resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)were generated to calculate the net soil loss volume.Meanwhile,erosion pins were used to verify the accuracy of close-range photogrammetry technology by measuring the depth variation of soil layer,and the erosion rate and hydraulic erosion rate of purple slope farmland under different slope conditions were calculated.Results showed that the close-range photogrammetry technology was reliable and efficient to monitor landform changes and calculate the soil erosion rates.The calculated results of DEMs were similar to those of erosion pins.The average tillage erosion rates were 69.85,131.45 and 155.34 t/(hm2·tillage pass)on 5°,10°and 20°purple slope farmland,respectively,and tillage erosion rate showed an increase trend with the increasing of slope gradient,while it decreased with the increasing of tillage intensity.The average hydraulic erosion rates were 1 892.52,2 961.76 and 4 405.93 t/(hm2·h)on 5°,10°and 20°purple slope farmland,respectively.Hydraulic erosion rate was positively related to the slope gradient.Meanwhile,hydraulic erosion rate showed an increase trend with the increasing of tillage intensity,indicating that tillage erosion would accelerate thehydraulic erosion.These results could provide technical support and data foundation to the studies about soil erosion in purple slope farmland under tillage erosion and hydraulic erosion.
引文
[1]苏正安,张建辉,聂小军.紫色土坡耕地土壤物理性质空间变异对土壤侵蚀的响应[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):54-60.
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[9]苏正安,张建辉.耕作导致的土壤再分布对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):194-198.
[10]Su Z A,Zhang J H,Qin F C,et al.Landform change due to soil redistribution by intense tillage based on high-resolution DEMs[J].Geomorphology,2012,175/176:190-198.
[11]霍云云,吴淑芳,冯浩,等.基于三维激光扫描仪的坡面细沟侵蚀动态过程研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(2):32-37.
[12]杨超,苏正安,马菁,等.基于无人机影像快速估算矿山排土场边坡土壤侵蚀速率的方法[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):126-130.
[13]Van Oost K,Van Muysen W,Govers G,et al.From water to tillage erosion dominated landform evolution[J].Geomorphology,2005,72(1/4):193-203.
[14]Lindstrom M J,Nelson W W,Schumacher T E,et al.Soil movement by tillage as affected by slope[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1990,17:255-264.
[15]张建辉,李勇,Lobb D A,等.我国南方丘陵区土壤耕作侵蚀的定量研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(2):1-4.
[16]赵丽,何玉晓,刘刚才,等.干热河谷区紫色土玉米季协调农学、水体环境和经济效益的容许施肥量[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):55-63.
[17]慕凯,罗明良,岳彦利,等.基于点云构建干热河谷典型冲沟DEM的参数优选:以析取克里格插值方法为例[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):126-131.
[18]魏占玉,Ramon A,何宏林,等.基于SfM方法的高密度点云数据生成及精度分析[J].地震地质,2015,37(2):636-648.
[19]李瑾杨,范建容,徐京华.基于点云数据内插DEM的精度比较研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2013,36(1):37-40.
[20]Lobb D A,Kachanoski R G.Modelling tillage erosion in the topographically complex landscapes of southwestern Ontario,Canada[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1999,51(3):261-277.
[21]聂小军,苏艳艳.川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(4):682-686.
[2]周萍,文安邦,严冬春,等.紫色土坡耕地不同坡位不同高度地埂土壤颗粒组成及分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):84-88.
[3]张加琼,杨明义,刘章,等.耕作侵蚀研究述评[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):144-150.
[4]Wang B,Zheng F L,Roemkens M J M,et al.Soil erodibility for water erosion:A perspective and Chinese experiences[J].Geomorphology,2013,187:1-10.
[5]Su Z A,Zhang J H,Xiong D H,et al.Assessment of soil erosion by compensatory hoeing tillage in a purple soil[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,9(1):59-66.
[6]苏正安,李艳,熊东红,等.龙门山地震带坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳迁移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(3):118-124.
[7]苏正安,张建辉,周维.川中丘陵区耕作侵蚀对土壤侵蚀贡献的定量研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(增刊10):64-70.
[8]Mesh J S,Free R G.Movement of soil during tillage operations[J].Agricultural Engineering,1942,23(12):379-382.
[9]苏正安,张建辉.耕作导致的土壤再分布对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):194-198.
[10]Su Z A,Zhang J H,Qin F C,et al.Landform change due to soil redistribution by intense tillage based on high-resolution DEMs[J].Geomorphology,2012,175/176:190-198.
[11]霍云云,吴淑芳,冯浩,等.基于三维激光扫描仪的坡面细沟侵蚀动态过程研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(2):32-37.
[12]杨超,苏正安,马菁,等.基于无人机影像快速估算矿山排土场边坡土壤侵蚀速率的方法[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):126-130.
[13]Van Oost K,Van Muysen W,Govers G,et al.From water to tillage erosion dominated landform evolution[J].Geomorphology,2005,72(1/4):193-203.
[14]Lindstrom M J,Nelson W W,Schumacher T E,et al.Soil movement by tillage as affected by slope[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1990,17:255-264.
[15]张建辉,李勇,Lobb D A,等.我国南方丘陵区土壤耕作侵蚀的定量研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(2):1-4.
[16]赵丽,何玉晓,刘刚才,等.干热河谷区紫色土玉米季协调农学、水体环境和经济效益的容许施肥量[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):55-63.
[17]慕凯,罗明良,岳彦利,等.基于点云构建干热河谷典型冲沟DEM的参数优选:以析取克里格插值方法为例[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(27):126-131.
[18]魏占玉,Ramon A,何宏林,等.基于SfM方法的高密度点云数据生成及精度分析[J].地震地质,2015,37(2):636-648.
[19]李瑾杨,范建容,徐京华.基于点云数据内插DEM的精度比较研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2013,36(1):37-40.
[20]Lobb D A,Kachanoski R G.Modelling tillage erosion in the topographically complex landscapes of southwestern Ontario,Canada[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1999,51(3):261-277.
[21]聂小军,苏艳艳.川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(4):682-686.