珠三角村镇建成区的空间型态:特征、类型和产业影响因素
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摘要
改革开放以来,珠三角地区的工业迅速发展,村镇土地利用快速非农化,其中以东莞、中山、佛山3市最为典型。论文以3市为案例,探讨2010年来珠三角村镇建成区空间型态。研究数据主要包括广东省2015年土地利用现状数据和2009—2015年间3市的土地利用数据。首先,通过斑块密度、空间离散度、空间均匀度、平均斑块面积、分形维数、景观破碎度、缓冲区分析、Moran's I指数这8个指标,分析建设用地的空间形态特征。其次,分析工业用地与非工业建设用地、建设用地与交通道路的空间分布关系,比较并总结3市的村镇建成区空间类型。最后,基于灰色关联分析法,探讨影响空间类型的产业发展因素。研究发现,东莞村镇建设用地呈现高度破碎均匀分布型,佛山呈现团状离散型,中山介于二者之间,为中度碎化分散型;3市的产业发展能较大程度上影响其形成不同的建成区空间型态。未来,基于产业经济作为村镇建成区空间特征变化的主因,珠三角可以结合粤港澳大湾区规划建设,通过调整产业结构、布局以及交通和土地利用,优化村镇空间布局。
During China's rural industrialization, land in villages and towns has been rapidly transformed into non-agricultural use. The Pearl River Delta in South China is the most representative of China's rural industrialization and urbanization. In the Pearl River Delta, the cities of Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Foshan are typical cases of both rural industrialization and land-use change. The dataset used in this study includes the landuse data of 2015 in Guangdong Province and the land-use data of the three cities between 2009 and 2015. This dataset provides valuable information on the post-2010 spatial structure of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. Based on this dataset, we examined the current(around the mid-2010 s) spatial conditions of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. We first analyzed the spatial attributes of construction land. The analysis was based on eight indices or methods: land patch density index, spatial discrete index, spatial uniformity index, the mean of land patch area, fractal dimension index, landscape fragmentation index, buffer analysis, and Moran's I analysis. Then, we analyzed the spatial distribution relations between industrial and non-industrial land uses, and between construction land and transportation land through a statistical analysis. Finally, we discussed the industrial factors of the detected spatial pattern through the gray associative analysis. Our findings indicate a high fragmentation and even distribution pattern of village and town built-up areas in Dongguan, agglomerated and discrete pattern in Foshan, and medium level fragmentation and discreteness in Zhongshan. Diverse industrial development in the three cities had a major impact on the formation of the spatial patterns. In the future, the transformation of the spatial pattern of built-up areas in villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta must coordinate with the industrial development and the ongoing development of the Guangdong-Hong KongMacau Great Bay Area. Approaches to facilitating the transformation include the modification of the industrial structure and an adjustment of land use and transportation across these villages and towns. This article aimed to reveal the current spatial patterns of crucial rural-to-urban transformation in a rapidly urbanizing region and to provide relevant policy recommendations. The results may contribute to our understanding of China's continuous rural urbanization and industrialization.
During China's rural industrialization, land in villages and towns has been rapidly transformed into non-agricultural use. The Pearl River Delta in South China is the most representative of China's rural industrialization and urbanization. In the Pearl River Delta, the cities of Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Foshan are typical cases of both rural industrialization and land-use change. The dataset used in this study includes the landuse data of 2015 in Guangdong Province and the land-use data of the three cities between 2009 and 2015. This dataset provides valuable information on the post-2010 spatial structure of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. Based on this dataset, we examined the current(around the mid-2010 s) spatial conditions of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. We first analyzed the spatial attributes of construction land. The analysis was based on eight indices or methods: land patch density index, spatial discrete index, spatial uniformity index, the mean of land patch area, fractal dimension index, landscape fragmentation index, buffer analysis, and Moran's I analysis. Then, we analyzed the spatial distribution relations between industrial and non-industrial land uses, and between construction land and transportation land through a statistical analysis. Finally, we discussed the industrial factors of the detected spatial pattern through the gray associative analysis. Our findings indicate a high fragmentation and even distribution pattern of village and town built-up areas in Dongguan, agglomerated and discrete pattern in Foshan, and medium level fragmentation and discreteness in Zhongshan. Diverse industrial development in the three cities had a major impact on the formation of the spatial patterns. In the future, the transformation of the spatial pattern of built-up areas in villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta must coordinate with the industrial development and the ongoing development of the Guangdong-Hong KongMacau Great Bay Area. Approaches to facilitating the transformation include the modification of the industrial structure and an adjustment of land use and transportation across these villages and towns. This article aimed to reveal the current spatial patterns of crucial rural-to-urban transformation in a rapidly urbanizing region and to provide relevant policy recommendations. The results may contribute to our understanding of China's continuous rural urbanization and industrialization.
引文
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金红娜,车震宇.2015.大理旅游村镇空间形态变化比较研究:以大理沙溪镇、新华村为例[J].华中建筑,(7):83-87.[Jin H N,Che Z Y.2015.Comparative study on space morphological changes of Dali tourist towns and villages:Taking Shaxi Town and Xinhua Village for example.Huazhong Architecture,(7):83-87.]
李立勋.1997.珠江三角洲乡镇企业发展的地域特征[J].热带地理,17(1):47-52.[Li L X.1997.The development features of the township enterprises in the Pearl River Delta.Tropical Geography,17(1):47-52.]
李珽,符文颖.2014.珠江三角洲城市空间形态及其演化机制对比[J].地理科学进展,33(5):678-688.[Li T,Fu W Y.2014.Inter-city comparative study of urban morphology and mechanisms in the Pearl River Delta.Progress in Geography,33(5):678-688.]
梁励韵,刘晖.2014.工业化视角下的小城镇形态演变:以顺德北滘镇为例[J].城市问题,(4):48-52.[Liang L Y,Liu H.2014.The spatial form evolution of small towns under the perspective of industrialization:A case study of Beijiao Town in Shunde City.Urban Problems,(4):48-52.]
林媚珍,许阳萍,方碧真,等.2010.中山市土地景观格局动态变化分析[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),9(3):89-95.[Lin M Z,Xu Y P,Fang B Z,et al.2010.Analysis of dynamic land landscape pattern in Zhongshan.Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),9(3):89-95.]
马荣华,顾朝林,蒲英霞,等.2007.苏南沿江城镇扩展的空间模式及其测度[J].地理学报,62(10):1011-1022.[Ma R H,Gu C L,Pu Y X,et al.2007.Urban spatial sprawl pattern and metrics in south of Jiangsu Province along the Yangtze River.Acta Geographica Sinica,62(10):1011-1022.]
马晓冬,李全林,沈一.2012.江苏省乡村聚落的形态分异及地域类型[J].地理学报,67(4):516-525.[Ma X D,Li QL,Shen Y.2012.Morphological difference and regional types of rural settlements in Jiangsu Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,67(4):516-525.]
唐常春,陈烈,王爱民,等.2007.快速工业化区域土地利用变迁机制研究:发展模式视角:以佛山市南海区为例[J].热带地理,27(1):49-53.[Tang C C,Chen L,Wang A M,et al.2007.A study on land utilization change in rapid industrialization regions from the view of dexelopment patterm:A case study of Nanhai District,Foshan.Tropical Geography,27(1):49-53.]
田莉.2015.我国半城市化地区土地利用的区域比较:时空模式与形成机制[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.[Tian L.2015.Regional comparison of land use in peri-urban areas of China:Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces.Beijing,China:China Architecture&Building Press.]
王爱民,缪勃中,陈树荣.2007.广州市工业用地空间分异及其影响因素分析[J].热带地理,27(2):132-138.[Wang AM,Mou B Z,Chen S R.2007.Spatial differentiation and impact factors of industrial land-use in Guangzhou.Tropical Geography,27(2):132-138.]
王冠贤,陈冰.2002.珠三角经济区村落形态的演变分析:以中山冈东村为例[J].规划师,18(8):75-78.[Wang G X,Chen B.2002.Analysis on the evolution of village form in the Pearl River Delta:A cases tudy of Guangdong Village.Planers,18(8):75-78.]
王介勇,刘彦随,陈玉福.2010.黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制[J].地理研究,29(10):1833-1840.[Wang J Y,Liu Y S,Chen Y F.2010.Spatial expansion pattern and its dynamic mechanism of typical rural settlements inin Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Geographical Research,29(10):1833-1840.]
王镜均,王勇,李广斌.2014.苏南村落空间分异的三种典型模式及比较:以蒋巷坞坻树山三村为例[J].现代城市研究,29(12):75-81.[Wang J J,Wang Y,Li G B.2014.Three typical models and comparison of the village space differentiation in southern Jiangsu:A case study of Jiangxiang,Wuqiu and Shushan.Modern Urban Research,29(12):75-81.]
王开泳,陈田.2008.珠江三角洲都市经济区地域构成的判别与分析[J].地理学报,63(8):820-828.[Wang K Y,Chen T.2008.The classification and analysis of areal topology in extended metropolitan area of Pearl River Delta.Acta Geographica Sinica,63(8):820-828.]
王跃,陈亚莉.2005.苏州城郊村镇分布特征[J].地理学报,60(2):229-236.[Wang Y,Chen Y L.2005.Distribution characteristics of villages and towns in suburbs of Suzhou.Acta Geographica Sinica,60(2):229-236.]
伍灵晶,仝德,李贵才.2017.地方政府驱动下的城市建成空间特征差异:以广州、东莞为例[J].地理研究,36(6):1029-1041.[Wu L J,Tong D,Li G C.2017.Differences of the urban spatial structure driven by local governments:Cases study in Guangzhou and Dongguan.Geographical Research,36(6):1029-1041.]
许学强,张蓉.1995.珠江三角洲的工业化与城市化[J].地理学与国土研究,11(1):1-8.[Xu X Q,Zhang R.1995.Industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River Delta.Geography and Territorial Research,11(1):1-8.]
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