北疆地区设施主栽桃品种需冷量和需热量研究
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摘要
为研究北疆地区设施桃树品种的需冷量、需热量之间的关系,以7种主栽设施桃品种为试验材料,利用不同的经典需冷量和需热量模型估算各品种叶芽、花芽的需冷量和需热量。结果表明:北疆地区7种设施主栽桃品种中,金秋晚水蜜、春雪、春美和贵妃红的叶芽和花芽需冷量较低,犹他模型估算值在330～560CU;中油16叶芽和花芽的需冷量居中为428～560CU;中农金辉、映霜红叶芽和花芽的需冷量最高在684～828CU。春美、春雪叶芽和花芽的需热量最低,有效积温模型估算的需热量值为256D℃;金秋晚水蜜、中贵妃红、中油16叶芽和花芽的需热量居中,在279～369D℃;中农金辉、映霜红叶芽和花芽的需热量最高,在375～448D℃。需冷量低的品种需热量也低,萌芽和开花时间也早。北疆地区,选用低需冷量品种金秋晚水蜜、春雪、春美和贵妃红可以保证设施桃树早开花结果;不同桃品种叶芽和花芽需冷量和需热量存在差异,需冷量和需热量之间呈显著正相关。
In order to study the relationship between chilling requirement and heat requirement for peach cultivars used in greenhouse in Northern Xinjiang area.Seven peach cultivars used in greenhouse were chosen as materials.Three classic chilling requirement models and two heat requirement models were used to estimate the chilling requirement and heat requirement for leaf and flower bud,respectively.The results showed that the he chilling requirement for Jinqiuwanshuimi,Chunxue,Chunnei and Guifeihong were between 330 and 560 CU irrespective of leaf or flower buds,belonging to low chilling requirement cultivars.The chilling requirement for Zhongyou No.16 were 428 and 560 CU for flower and leafy bud,respectively,and the cultivar belongs to a moderate chilling requirement cultivar.The chilling requirement of high chilling requirement cultivars Zhongnongjinhui and Yingshuanghong were between 684 and 828 CU.The heat requirement of leafy and flower buds for Chunmei and Chunxue was at a low level,and Jinqiuwanshuimi,Guifeihong,Zhongyou No.16 were at a moderate level,and Zhongnongjinhui and Yingshuanghong were at a high level,and the range(or value)were256 D℃,279-369 D℃and 375-448 D℃,respectively.The low chilling requirement peach cultivars had low heat requirement and the bud break and flowring time were earlier.In Northen Xinjiang,choosing low chilling and heat requirement peach cultivars could get flower earlier.The chilling and heat requirement between leafy and flower bud were not the same.There was a significantly positive correlation relationship between chilling and heat requirement.
In order to study the relationship between chilling requirement and heat requirement for peach cultivars used in greenhouse in Northern Xinjiang area.Seven peach cultivars used in greenhouse were chosen as materials.Three classic chilling requirement models and two heat requirement models were used to estimate the chilling requirement and heat requirement for leaf and flower bud,respectively.The results showed that the he chilling requirement for Jinqiuwanshuimi,Chunxue,Chunnei and Guifeihong were between 330 and 560 CU irrespective of leaf or flower buds,belonging to low chilling requirement cultivars.The chilling requirement for Zhongyou No.16 were 428 and 560 CU for flower and leafy bud,respectively,and the cultivar belongs to a moderate chilling requirement cultivar.The chilling requirement of high chilling requirement cultivars Zhongnongjinhui and Yingshuanghong were between 684 and 828 CU.The heat requirement of leafy and flower buds for Chunmei and Chunxue was at a low level,and Jinqiuwanshuimi,Guifeihong,Zhongyou No.16 were at a moderate level,and Zhongnongjinhui and Yingshuanghong were at a high level,and the range(or value)were256 D℃,279-369 D℃and 375-448 D℃,respectively.The low chilling requirement peach cultivars had low heat requirement and the bud break and flowring time were earlier.In Northen Xinjiang,choosing low chilling and heat requirement peach cultivars could get flower earlier.The chilling and heat requirement between leafy and flower bud were not the same.There was a significantly positive correlation relationship between chilling and heat requirement.
引文
[1]贾桂梅,许春燕,卢建立,等.河北中部设施果树(蟠桃、杏、李)需冷量初步研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(27):14888-14889.
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[14]陈茂铨,叶伟其,刘卓香,等.12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量的研究[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):86-89.
[15]陈湖,张新生,傅友,等.春雪桃树休眠需冷量计算方法及休眠操作要点[J].河北果树,2007(S1):83-84.
[16]王海波,王孝娣,高东升.桃品种春捷日光温室促成栽培技术[J].中国果树,2006(5):37-38.
[17]Sparks D.Chilling and heating model for pecan bud break[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticulturalence,1993,118(1):29-35.
[18]沈元月,郭家选,祝军,等.早熟桃品种需冷量和需热量的研究初报[J].中国果树,1999(2):20-21.
[19]胡瑞兰,贾永祥.影响温室桃成熟期的因子研究[J].北京农业科学,2001,19(3):4-5.
[20]Ruiz D,Jose A C,Jose E.Chilling and heat requirements of Apricot cultivars for flowering[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,61(3):254-263.
[21]Weinberger J H.Chilling Requirements of Peach varieties[J].Proceeding of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1950,56:122-128.
[22]Alburquerque N,García-Montiel F,Carrillo A,et al.Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,64(2):162-170.
[23]谭钺,李玲,李冬梅,等.设施桃萌芽调控中冷量与热量的关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(5):728-733.
[2]袁爱民.邹城市果树需冷量的研究[J].气象,2005,31(11):81-82.
[3]王海波,王孝娣,王宝亮,等.设施葡萄常用品种的需冷量、需热量及2者关系研究[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):37-41.
[4]王海波,刘凤之,王宝亮,等.落叶果树的需冷量和需热量[J].中国果树,2009(2):50-53.
[5]王力荣,朱更瑞,左覃元.中国桃品种需冷量的研究[J].园艺学报,1997,24(2):194-196.
[6]王西成,钱亚明,赵密珍,等.设施葡萄萌芽调控中需冷量和需热量及其相互关系[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(3):309-314.
[7]Davidson A,Da Silva D,DeJong T M.The phyllochron of well-watered and water deficit mature peach trees varies with shoot type and vigour[J].AoB Plants,2017,9(5):1-9.
[8]Cook N C,Bellen A,CronjéP J K,et al.Freezing temperature treatment induces bud dormancy in‘GrannySmith’apple shoots[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2005,106(2):l70-176.
[9]Heide O M,Prestrud A K.Low temperature,but not photoperiod,controls growth cessation and dormancy induction and release in apple and pear[J].Tree Physiology,2005,25:109-114.
[10]陈巍,林绍生,郭秀珠,等.需冷量对油桃芽体萌发的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2013(4):407-408,413.
[11]庄维兵,章镇,侍婷,等.落叶果树需冷量及其估算模型研究进展[J].果树学报,2012,29(3):447-453.
[12]刘仁道,廖明安.温度对落叶果树休眠的影响[J].西南科技大学学报,2004,19(2):114-116.
[13]赵文东,赵海亮,高东升.温度对落叶果树休眠解除影响的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2008(3):55-57.
[14]陈茂铨,叶伟其,刘卓香,等.12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量的研究[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):86-89.
[15]陈湖,张新生,傅友,等.春雪桃树休眠需冷量计算方法及休眠操作要点[J].河北果树,2007(S1):83-84.
[16]王海波,王孝娣,高东升.桃品种春捷日光温室促成栽培技术[J].中国果树,2006(5):37-38.
[17]Sparks D.Chilling and heating model for pecan bud break[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticulturalence,1993,118(1):29-35.
[18]沈元月,郭家选,祝军,等.早熟桃品种需冷量和需热量的研究初报[J].中国果树,1999(2):20-21.
[19]胡瑞兰,贾永祥.影响温室桃成熟期的因子研究[J].北京农业科学,2001,19(3):4-5.
[20]Ruiz D,Jose A C,Jose E.Chilling and heat requirements of Apricot cultivars for flowering[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,61(3):254-263.
[21]Weinberger J H.Chilling Requirements of Peach varieties[J].Proceeding of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1950,56:122-128.
[22]Alburquerque N,García-Montiel F,Carrillo A,et al.Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,64(2):162-170.
[23]谭钺,李玲,李冬梅,等.设施桃萌芽调控中冷量与热量的关系[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(5):728-733.
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