玉米秸秆与污泥的腐解物对盐碱地化学指标的影响
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摘要
为探索发酵后的玉米秸秆对内蒙古地区盐碱化土壤化学性质(有机质、ESP,pH值、EC、土壤代换性Na~+)的影响,在实验室条件下以污泥作为接种物,将玉米秸秆在不同发酵的条件下以不同梯度的秸秆还田量施加到盐碱化土壤中,以施加未发酵的玉米秸秆为对照。结果显示:(1)施加玉米秸秆对土壤的部分化学性质有着一定的改善,且发酵后的玉米秸秆比未发酵的玉米秸秆效果要好;(2)当玉米秸秆与污泥的配比为2∶1且秸秆还田量为75%时,土壤的有机质含量上升幅度最大,土壤的ESP、pH值、土壤代换性Na~+降低幅度最大;(3)施加玉米秸秆对土壤的EC作用不明显,反而使EC的含量有所上升,施用发酵后的玉米秸秆尤为明显。综合考虑,在本试验条件下针对该土壤最佳参数为:玉米秸秆与污泥配比为2∶1,发酵后的玉米秸秆还田量为75%。
In order to explore the effect of fermented corn straw on the chemical properties(organic matter,ESP,pH value,EC,soil exchangeable Na~+)of saline alkali soil in Inner Mongolia area,sludge was used as inoculum under laboratory conditions,the corn straw was applied to the saline alkali soil under different fermentation conditions,with no-fermented corn straw as the control.The results showed that:(1)corn straw was applied to improve the partial chemical properties of soil,and the effect of fermented corn straw was better than that of no-fermented corn;(2)the soil organic matter content increased greatly,the ESP,pH value and exchangeable Na+significantly reduced when the ratio of corn straw and sludge was 2∶1and the amount of straw returning was 75%;(3)the effect of corn straw on EC was not obvious,but the EC increased especially after the fermentation.Therefore,under the experimental conditions,the optimal parameters were that the ratio of corn straw and sludge was 2∶1,the fermented mass ratio of corn straw and saline alkali soil was 75%.
In order to explore the effect of fermented corn straw on the chemical properties(organic matter,ESP,pH value,EC,soil exchangeable Na~+)of saline alkali soil in Inner Mongolia area,sludge was used as inoculum under laboratory conditions,the corn straw was applied to the saline alkali soil under different fermentation conditions,with no-fermented corn straw as the control.The results showed that:(1)corn straw was applied to improve the partial chemical properties of soil,and the effect of fermented corn straw was better than that of no-fermented corn;(2)the soil organic matter content increased greatly,the ESP,pH value and exchangeable Na+significantly reduced when the ratio of corn straw and sludge was 2∶1and the amount of straw returning was 75%;(3)the effect of corn straw on EC was not obvious,but the EC increased especially after the fermentation.Therefore,under the experimental conditions,the optimal parameters were that the ratio of corn straw and sludge was 2∶1,the fermented mass ratio of corn straw and saline alkali soil was 75%.
引文
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[11]徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,等.连续秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田土壤养分及碳库的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):1100-1105.
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[22]马超,周静,刘满强,等.秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2013(5):915-921.
[23]王晓波,车威,纪荣婷,等.秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(3):483-489.
[24]Martens D A,Johanson J B,Frankenberger Jr W T.Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of organic residues[J].Soil Science,1992,153(1):53-61.
[25]李腊梅,陆琴,严蔚东,等.太湖地区稻麦二熟制下长期秸秆还田对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2006,38(4):422-428.
[2]王晓峰.内蒙古盐碱地改良措施方法[J].现代农业,2012(3):77-77.
[3]李素艳,翟鹏辉,孙向阳,等.滨海土壤盐渍化特征及土壤改良研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2014,22(6):1069-1078.
[4]张电学,韩志卿,刘微,等.不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆直接还田的生物学效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):742-749.
[5]Kasperbauer M J.Cotton seedling root growth responses to light reflected to the shoots from straw-covered versus bare soil[J].Crop Science,1999,39(1):164-167.
[6]苏德纯.粉煤灰钝化污泥对土壤理化性质及玉米重金属累积的影响[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(4):321-325.
[7]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环,等.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.
[8]徐娜娜,解玉红,冯炘.添加秸秆粉对盐碱地土壤微生物生物量及呼吸强度的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):185-188.
[9]王丙文,迟淑筠,田慎重,等.不同玉米秸秆还田方式对冬小麦田土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1374-1380.
[10]周怀平,解文艳,关春林,等.长期秸秆还田对旱地玉米产量,效益及水分利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,19(2):321-330.
[11]徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,等.连续秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田土壤养分及碳库的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(1):1100-1105.
[12]李焕珍,徐玉佩,杨伟奇,等.脱硫石膏改良强度苏打盐渍土效果的研究[J].生态学杂志,1999(1):25-29.
[13]冯炘,袁静,解玉红.玉米秸秆不同还田方式对土壤肥力及小麦生长的影响[J].天津理工大学学报,2016,32(1):53-57.
[14]张建旗,张继娜,杨虎德,等.兰州地区土壤电导率与盐分含量关系研究[J].甘肃林业科技,2009,34(2):21-24.
[15]Thomas G W,Haszler G R,Blevins R L.The effects of organic matter and tillage on maximum compactability of soils using the proctor test1[J].Soil Science,1996,161(8):502-508.
[16]Soane B D.The role of organic matter in soil compactibility:A review of some practical aspects[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1990,16(1):179-201.
[17]徐胜光,李淑仪,廖新荣,等.花生施用燃煤烟气脱硫副产物研究初报[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(1):23-26.
[18]周学武.粉煤灰与污泥配施改良山东郑路,华丰盐碱地的实验研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006.
[19]朱琳莹,许修宏,姜虎,等.污泥堆肥对盐碱土土壤环境和作物生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):135-138.
[20]谢永生.玉米秸秆发酵原理及其特点[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2012(3):117-117.
[21]姜洁,陈宏,赵秀兰.农作物秸杆改良土壤的方式与应用现状[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):420-423.
[22]马超,周静,刘满强,等.秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2013(5):915-921.
[23]王晓波,车威,纪荣婷,等.秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(3):483-489.
[24]Martens D A,Johanson J B,Frankenberger Jr W T.Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated addition of organic residues[J].Soil Science,1992,153(1):53-61.
[25]李腊梅,陆琴,严蔚东,等.太湖地区稻麦二熟制下长期秸秆还田对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2006,38(4):422-428.