适用于DFIG并网线路的改进负序方向元件
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摘要
负序方向元件广泛应用于输电线路的纵联保护。随着风力发电快速发展,双馈感应发电机(DFIG)大规模接入电网使得电源的负序等值阻抗不再固定,传统负序方向元件不再适用。通过推导转子侧变流器不间断控制和撬棒投入两种工况下DFIG的负序等值阻抗解析表达式,得到两种工况下的负序等值阻抗相角的变化规律。发现传统负序方向元件受DFIG接入的影响,存在灵敏度下降甚至不正确动作的问题。为此,提出了一种负序方向元件的改进措施:故障前,利用DFIG参数在线确定不同工况下的最大灵敏角;故障后,根据DFIG运行状态,采用灵敏度和可靠性较高的动作判据。数字仿真结果验证了改进后的负序方向元件具有灵敏度高、自适应DFIG运行状态等优点。
Negative sequence directional element is widely used in the pilot protection of transmission lines. With the rapid development of wind power generation, a large scale of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) is connected to the grid and the negative sequence equivalent impedance of power source is no longer fixed, which destroys the theoretical basis of the traditional negative sequence directional element. This paper derives the analytic expressions of the negative sequence equivalent impedance of DFIG under two situations, which are the uninterrupted control by the rotor-side converter and the crowbar resistance being thrown into, respectively. Subsequently the change rules of phase angles of negative sequence equivalent impedance have been obtained under two situations. It has been found that the traditional negative sequence directional element faces the problems of sensitivity and reliability due to the influences of DFIG. Therefore, an improvement measure of the negative sequence directional element has been proposed as follows: before faults, the maximum sensitivity angle under different operation states is determined by DFIG parameters in the mode on line; after faults, the action criterion with higher sensitivity and reliability is adopted according to DFIG operation states. Digital simulation results show that the improved negative sequence directional element has higher sensitivity and can be well adapted to various operation states of DFIG.
Negative sequence directional element is widely used in the pilot protection of transmission lines. With the rapid development of wind power generation, a large scale of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) is connected to the grid and the negative sequence equivalent impedance of power source is no longer fixed, which destroys the theoretical basis of the traditional negative sequence directional element. This paper derives the analytic expressions of the negative sequence equivalent impedance of DFIG under two situations, which are the uninterrupted control by the rotor-side converter and the crowbar resistance being thrown into, respectively. Subsequently the change rules of phase angles of negative sequence equivalent impedance have been obtained under two situations. It has been found that the traditional negative sequence directional element faces the problems of sensitivity and reliability due to the influences of DFIG. Therefore, an improvement measure of the negative sequence directional element has been proposed as follows: before faults, the maximum sensitivity angle under different operation states is determined by DFIG parameters in the mode on line; after faults, the action criterion with higher sensitivity and reliability is adopted according to DFIG operation states. Digital simulation results show that the improved negative sequence directional element has higher sensitivity and can be well adapted to various operation states of DFIG.
引文
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[6] 王晨清,宋国兵,汤海雁,等.选相及方向元件在风电接入系统中的适应性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):89-95.WANG Chenqing,SONG Guobing,TANG Haiyan,et al.Adaptability analysis of phase selectors and directional relays in power systems integrated with wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):89-95.
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[9] 邓三星,张雪敏,刘辉,等.双馈风力发电机低电压穿越控制策略量化评价[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(21):28-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180306013.DENG Sanxing,ZHANG Xuemin,LIU Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation of low voltage ride-through control strategies for doubly-fed induction generation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(21):28-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180306013.
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[11] 沈枢,张沛超,方陈,等.双馈风电场故障序阻抗特征及对选相元件的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(15):87-92.SHEN Shu,ZHANG Peichao,FANG Chen,et al.Characteristics of sequence impedance of DFIG plant and influence on phase selector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(15):87-92.
[12] 黄涛,陆于平,凌启程,等.适应于双馈风电场的改进故障序分量选相方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):123-128.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,LING Qicheng,et al.Improved fault-sequence component phase selector applied to DFIG-based wind farm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):123-128.
[13] 黄涛,陆于平,王业.考虑撬棒保护的DFIG等效序阻抗研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):160-168.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,WANG Ye.Study on equivalent sequence impedances of DFIG with crowbar protection[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):160-168.
[14] 张金华,张保会,郝治国,等.故障后转子侧变流器不间断控制下的双馈风机序网等值电路[J].电网技术,2017,41(2):521-528.ZHANG Jinhua,ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,et al.Equivalent sequence circuit of DFIG wind turbines with uninterrupted control of rotor side converter after faults[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(2):521-528.
[15] 黄涛,陆于平,蔡超.DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3929-3939.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,CAI Chao.Analysis of phase angle characteristics of DFIG equivalent sequence superimposed impedances and its impact on fault components based direction relay[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3929-3939.
[16] 孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.计及励磁调节特性影响的双馈风力发电机组故障电流特性[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):256-265.KONG Xiangping,ZHANG Zhe,YIN Xianggen,et al.Fault current characteristics of DFIG considering excitation and regulation characteristics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):256-265.
[17] MARQUES G D,SOUSA D M.Understanding the doubly fed induction generator during voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(2):421-431.
[18] 杨睿茜,陈红坤,陶玉波,等.双馈式风机控制器参数整定的实用方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(2):63-69.YANG Ruiqian,CHEN Hongkun,TAO Yubo,et al.A practical method on doubly-fed induction generator controller parameter determination[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(2):63-69.
[19] 汤蕴璆.电机学[M].5版.北京:机械工业出版社,2014.TANG Yunqiu.Electric machinery[M].5th ed.Beijing:Chian Machine Press,2014.
[20] 张保会,李光辉,王进,等.风电接入对继电保护的影响(二)——双馈式风电场电磁暂态等值建模研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(2):1-7.ZHANG Baohui,LI Guanghui,WANG Jin,et al.Impact of wind farm integration on relay protection (2):DFIG-based wind farm electromagnetic transient equivalent model[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(2):1-7.
[2] ZHOU H,PING J U,XUE Y,et al.Probabilistic equivalent model of DFIG-based wind farms and its application in stability analysis[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2015,4(2):248-255.
[3] 宋国兵,陶然,李斌,等.含大规模电力电子装备的电力系统故障分析与保护综述[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(12):2-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170502006.SONG Guobing,TAO Ran,LI Bin,et al.Survey of power system relay protection with large scale power electronic equipment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(12):2-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170502006.
[4] 薛士敏,贺家李,李永丽.特高压输电线路分布电容对负序方向纵联保护的影响[J].电网技术,2008,32(17):94-97.XUE Shimin,HE Jiali,LI Yongli.Pilot protection of ultra-high voltage transmission lines with negative sequence directional component[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(17):94-97.
[5] 张保会,王进,原博,等.风电接入对继电保护的影响(四)——风电场送出线路保护性能分析[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(4):1-5.ZHANG Baohui,WANG Jin,YUAN Bo,et al.Impact of wind farm integration on relay protection (4):performance analysis for wind farm outgoing transmission line protection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(4):1-5.
[6] 王晨清,宋国兵,汤海雁,等.选相及方向元件在风电接入系统中的适应性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):89-95.WANG Chenqing,SONG Guobing,TANG Haiyan,et al.Adaptability analysis of phase selectors and directional relays in power systems integrated with wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):89-95.
[7] 王晨清,宋国兵,刘凯,等.突变量保护对风电接入系统的适应性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5485-5492.WANG Chenqing,SONG Guobing,LIU Kai,et al.Adaptability analysis of fault component protection of power systems with wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5485-5492.
[8] TIAN X,LI G,CHI Y,et al.Voltage phase angle jump characteristic of DFIGs in case of weak grid connection and grid fault[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2016,4(2):256-264.
[9] 邓三星,张雪敏,刘辉,等.双馈风力发电机低电压穿越控制策略量化评价[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(21):28-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180306013.DENG Sanxing,ZHANG Xuemin,LIU Hui,et al.Quantitative evaluation of low voltage ride-through control strategies for doubly-fed induction generation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(21):28-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180306013.
[10] 杨欢红,李庆博,盛福,等.双馈风电场的弱馈性及风电接入对突变量保护元件的影响[J].上海电力学院学报,2016,32(2):103-108.YANG Huanhong,LI Qingbo,SHENG Fu,et al.Weak feed of doubly-fed wind farm and its impact on fault component protection[J].Journal of Shanghai Electric Power University,2016,32(2):103-108.
[11] 沈枢,张沛超,方陈,等.双馈风电场故障序阻抗特征及对选相元件的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(15):87-92.SHEN Shu,ZHANG Peichao,FANG Chen,et al.Characteristics of sequence impedance of DFIG plant and influence on phase selector[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(15):87-92.
[12] 黄涛,陆于平,凌启程,等.适应于双馈风电场的改进故障序分量选相方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):123-128.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,LING Qicheng,et al.Improved fault-sequence component phase selector applied to DFIG-based wind farm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):123-128.
[13] 黄涛,陆于平,王业.考虑撬棒保护的DFIG等效序阻抗研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):160-168.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,WANG Ye.Study on equivalent sequence impedances of DFIG with crowbar protection[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):160-168.
[14] 张金华,张保会,郝治国,等.故障后转子侧变流器不间断控制下的双馈风机序网等值电路[J].电网技术,2017,41(2):521-528.ZHANG Jinhua,ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,et al.Equivalent sequence circuit of DFIG wind turbines with uninterrupted control of rotor side converter after faults[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(2):521-528.
[15] 黄涛,陆于平,蔡超.DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3929-3939.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,CAI Chao.Analysis of phase angle characteristics of DFIG equivalent sequence superimposed impedances and its impact on fault components based direction relay[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3929-3939.
[16] 孔祥平,张哲,尹项根,等.计及励磁调节特性影响的双馈风力发电机组故障电流特性[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):256-265.KONG Xiangping,ZHANG Zhe,YIN Xianggen,et al.Fault current characteristics of DFIG considering excitation and regulation characteristics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):256-265.
[17] MARQUES G D,SOUSA D M.Understanding the doubly fed induction generator during voltage dips[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(2):421-431.
[18] 杨睿茜,陈红坤,陶玉波,等.双馈式风机控制器参数整定的实用方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(2):63-69.YANG Ruiqian,CHEN Hongkun,TAO Yubo,et al.A practical method on doubly-fed induction generator controller parameter determination[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(2):63-69.
[19] 汤蕴璆.电机学[M].5版.北京:机械工业出版社,2014.TANG Yunqiu.Electric machinery[M].5th ed.Beijing:Chian Machine Press,2014.
[20] 张保会,李光辉,王进,等.风电接入对继电保护的影响(二)——双馈式风电场电磁暂态等值建模研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(2):1-7.ZHANG Baohui,LI Guanghui,WANG Jin,et al.Impact of wind farm integration on relay protection (2):DFIG-based wind farm electromagnetic transient equivalent model[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(2):1-7.