准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组碱湖岩石特征与成因
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摘要
风城组作为准噶尔盆地下二叠统优质烃源岩,一直是盆地油气勘探的重点。但因其埋藏深、岩性复杂、全球可对比研究实例少,也一直是研究的难点。文中以精细的岩性研究为基础,利用岩心描述、薄片观察、SEM、X衍射、TOC含量测定、包裹体测温及地化分析等手段,深入分析玛湖凹陷风城组碱性矿物特征和地质背景,探讨了碱湖成因与形成过程,得出:(1)风城组岩石可细分为5种主要类型,其中碱性岩为碱湖标志性岩类,富硅硼纳石岩类与火山喷发或热液作用相关;(2)风城组存在5种主要的岩石组合类型,从近源区至湖区依次为:河流—冲积平原发育的组合类型Ⅴ、滨浅湖环境发育的组合类型Ⅲ与类型Ⅳ、深湖—半深湖环境发育的组合类型Ⅰ与类型Ⅱ,其中类型Ⅰ与类型Ⅲ为碱湖特有岩石组合,含优质烃源岩;(3)碱湖形成主要受火山活动和气候控制,前者为碱湖形成提供了Na+溶质,后者促进了淡水湖咸化,最终演化成碱湖。
The Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,as favourable source rock in the Junggar Basin,has been the target for petroleum exploration. Due to its deep burial depth,complicated lithology and few global analogs,the evaluation of the petroleum potential of Fengcheng Formation is still at its rudimentary stage. This study discusses the characteristics of alkaline minerals,geological background,origin ofalkaline lakes and its forming processes through methods including core description,thin section observation,SEM, X-ray diffraction analysis, TOC content measurements, inclusion temperature test, geochemical analysis,etc. the results suggest:(1) the Fengcheng Formation can be categorized into five rock types,among which,alkaline rock is the most distinguished lithofacies type of alkaline lakes and reedmergnerite is generally related to volcanic eruption or hydrothermal activities;(2) five rock associations are recognized in the Fengcheng Formation. From near-source to lake center,they are type Ⅴ of alluvial-fluvial facies,type Ⅲ and Ⅳ of shallow shoreface to lacustrine facies,respectively; type Ⅰ andⅡ of deep-semideep lacustrine facies,respectively. Type Ⅰ and Ⅲ are typical alkaline rock associations with favourable source rock potential;(3) the formation of alkaline lake is primarily controlled by volcanic activities and climate,where the former supply the Na-rich fluids,and the latter salinized the freshwater lake and facilitate the final formation of alkaline lake.
The Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,as favourable source rock in the Junggar Basin,has been the target for petroleum exploration. Due to its deep burial depth,complicated lithology and few global analogs,the evaluation of the petroleum potential of Fengcheng Formation is still at its rudimentary stage. This study discusses the characteristics of alkaline minerals,geological background,origin ofalkaline lakes and its forming processes through methods including core description,thin section observation,SEM, X-ray diffraction analysis, TOC content measurements, inclusion temperature test, geochemical analysis,etc. the results suggest:(1) the Fengcheng Formation can be categorized into five rock types,among which,alkaline rock is the most distinguished lithofacies type of alkaline lakes and reedmergnerite is generally related to volcanic eruption or hydrothermal activities;(2) five rock associations are recognized in the Fengcheng Formation. From near-source to lake center,they are type Ⅴ of alluvial-fluvial facies,type Ⅲ and Ⅳ of shallow shoreface to lacustrine facies,respectively; type Ⅰ andⅡ of deep-semideep lacustrine facies,respectively. Type Ⅰ and Ⅲ are typical alkaline rock associations with favourable source rock potential;(3) the formation of alkaline lake is primarily controlled by volcanic activities and climate,where the former supply the Na-rich fluids,and the latter salinized the freshwater lake and facilitate the final formation of alkaline lake.
引文
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邱楠生,王绪龙,杨海波,向英.2001.准噶尔盆地地温分布特征.地质科学,36(3):350-358.[Qiu N S,Wang X L,Yang H B,Xiang Y.2001.The characteristics of temperature distribution in the Junggar Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,10(3):237-255]
邱荣华,林社卿,涂阳发.2005.泌阳凹陷油气成藏特征及勘探潜力分析.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),27(2):158-161.[Qiu R H,Lin S Q,Tu Y F.2005.Features of hydrocarbon accumulation and analysis on exploration potential in Biyang Depression.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(J.JPI),27(2):158-161]
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吴绍祖.1996.新疆早二叠世古气候.新疆地质,14(3):270-277.[Wu S Z.1996.Paleoclimate of Lower Permian in Xinjiang.Xinjiang Geology,14(3):270-277]
余宽宏,操应长,邱隆伟,孙沛沛,杨勇强,曲长胜,万敏.2016a.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组含碱层段韵律特征及成因.古地理学报,18(6):1012-1029.[Yu K H,Cao Y C,Qiu L W,Sun P P,Yang Y Q,Qu C S,Wan M.2016a.Characteristics of alkaline layer cycles and origin of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),18(6):1012-1029]
余宽宏,操应长,邱隆伟,孙沛沛,杨勇强,曲长胜,李玉文,万敏,宿云国.2016b.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷早二叠世风城组沉积时期古湖盆卤水演化及碳酸盐矿物形成机理.天然气地球科学,27(7):1248-1263.[Yu K H,Cao Y C,Qiu L W,Sun P P,Yang Y Q,Qu C S,Li Y W,Wan M,Su Y G.2016b.Brine evolution of ancient lake and mechanism of carbonate minerals during the sedimentation of Early Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Depression,Junggar Basin,China.Natural Gas Geoscience,27(7):1248-1263]
支东明,曹剑,向宝力,秦志军,王婷婷.2016.玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩生烃机理及资源量新认识.新疆石油地质,37(5):499-506.[Zhi D M,Cao J,Xiang B L,Qin Z J,Wang T T.2016.Fengcheng alkaline lacustrine source rocks of lower Permian in Mahu sag in Junggar Basin:Hydrocarbon generation mechanism and petroleum resources reestimation.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,37(5):499-506]
Berger A,Loutre M F,Tricot C.1993.Insolation and Earth's orbital periods.J Geophys Res,98(D6):10341-10362.
Bian W H,Hornung J,Liu Z H.2010.Sedimentary and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,northwest China.Palaeoenvironments,90(3):175-186.
Daniel M,Deocampo,Robin W R.2016.Geochemistry of African soda lakes.Springer International Publishing,Switzerland:77-95.
Deocampo D M,Jones B F.2014.Geochemistry of saline lakes.Treatise on geochemistry,7(2):437-469.
Desborough G A.1978.A biogenic-chemical stratified lake model for the origin of oil shale of the Green River Formation:An alternative to the playa-lake model.Geological Society of America Bulletin,89:961-971.
Domagalski J L,Eugster H P.1990.Trace metal geochemistry of Walker,Mono,and Great Salt Lakes.The Geochemical Society,2:315-353.
Eugster H P.1969.Inorganic bedded cherts from the Magadi area,Kenya.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,22:1-31.
Eugster H P.1970.Chemistry and origin of the brines of lake Magadi,Kenya.Mineralogical Society of America,1(3):213-235.
Eugster H P.1971.Origin and Deposition of Trona.Contributions to Geology,10(1),57-63.
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