一种抑制连续换相失败的非线性VDCOL控制策略
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摘要
换相失败是高压直流输电系统(High Voltage Direct Current, HVDC)中常见的故障之一。为了降低连续换相失败发生的概率,提出了一种基于非线性动态VDCOL低压限流控制器(VoltageDependentCurrentOrderLimiter,VDCOL)设计方案。针对常规VDCOL直流电流调节指令灵敏度较低的特点,所设计的非线性动态VDCOL控制策略将系统故障严重程度同时考虑在内,根据电压大小动态调节VDCOL控制器的控制曲线,提高直流电流指令在系统故障期间的响应速度,达到尽快限制直流电流来降低发生连续换相失败概率的目的。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境中,使用国际大电网会议(International Council on Large Electric Systems, CIGRE)标准模型对所提控制方法进行验证。仿真表明,所提非线性动态VDCOL控制器在短路故障时可以抑制连续换相失败,并且有利于快速恢复系统的直流电压和传输功率,保证输电系统正常运行。
Commutation failure is one of the most common faults in High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) transmission system. In order to reduce the probability of commutation failure, a suppression strategy for continuous commutation failure based on nonlinear VDCOL is proposed in this paper. Considering the low sensitivity of DC current command generated by conventional VDCOL, the proposed nonlinear dynamic VDCOL control strategy takes severity of the system failure into account and dynamically adjusts control curve of the VDCOL controller according to voltage level, which improves response speed of the DC current command and limits DC current to reduce the probability of continuous commutation failure. The proposed control method is tested by CIGRE model of HVDC in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulations show that the proposed nonlinear dynamic VDCOL controller can suppress continuous commutation failure during short circuit fault, and it is beneficial to restore DC voltage and transmission power of the system and ensure the normal operation of HVDC transmission system.
Commutation failure is one of the most common faults in High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) transmission system. In order to reduce the probability of commutation failure, a suppression strategy for continuous commutation failure based on nonlinear VDCOL is proposed in this paper. Considering the low sensitivity of DC current command generated by conventional VDCOL, the proposed nonlinear dynamic VDCOL control strategy takes severity of the system failure into account and dynamically adjusts control curve of the VDCOL controller according to voltage level, which improves response speed of the DC current command and limits DC current to reduce the probability of continuous commutation failure. The proposed control method is tested by CIGRE model of HVDC in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulations show that the proposed nonlinear dynamic VDCOL controller can suppress continuous commutation failure during short circuit fault, and it is beneficial to restore DC voltage and transmission power of the system and ensure the normal operation of HVDC transmission system.
引文
[1]李兴源.高压直流输电系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:58-63.
[2]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2011.
[3]呙虎,李晨坤,崔挺,等.酒泉-湖南特高压直流对湖南电网稳控策略的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(18):114-119.GUO Hu,LI Chenkun,CUI Ting,et al.Influence of the UHVDC project from Jiuquan to Hunan on stability control strategies in Hunan power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(18):114-119.
[4]李新年,易俊,李柏青,等.直流输电系统换相失败仿真分析及运行情况统计[J].电网技术,2012,36(6):266-271.LI Xinnian,YI Jun,LI Baiqing,et al.Simulation analysis and operation statistics of commutation failure in HVDCtransmission system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(6):266-271.
[5]邵瑶,汤涌,郭小江,等.2015年特高压规划电网华北和华东地区多馈入直流输电系统的换相失败分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):9-15.SHAO Yao,TANG Yong,GUO Xiaojiang,et al.Analysis on commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC transmission systems in north China and east China power grids planned for UHV power grids in 2015[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):9-15.
[6]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:40-42.
[7]姜梦,熊浩清,邓晓璐,等.特高压直流闭锁后华东电网频率稳定特性研究[J].智慧电力,2018,46(5):58-64.JIANG Meng,XIONG Haoqing,DENG Xiaolu,et al.Study on power characteristics of UHVDC under abnormal operation[J].Smart Power,2018,46(5):58-64.
[8]张天,龚雁峰.特高压交直流电网输电技术及运行特性综述[J].智慧电力,2018,46(2):87-92.ZHANG Tian,GONG Yanfeng.Research on transmission technologies and operational performance of UHV AC/DC power grid in China[J].Smart Power,2018,46(5):87-92.
[9]王晶.高压直流输电典型故障控制保护策略的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.
[10]肖浩,朱佳,李银红,等.多馈入直流系统换相失败免疫水平快速确定方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2711-2717.XIAO Hao,ZHU Jia,LI Yinhong,et al.Study on rapid determination method of commutation failure immunity levels for multi-infeed HVDC transmission systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2711-2717.
[11]ZOU G,ZHENG J C,CHEN X X.Study on commutation failure in an HVDC inverter[C]//Proceeding of International Conference on Power System Technology,August 18-21,1998,Beijing,China:503-506.
[12]陈树勇,李新年,余军,等.基于正余弦分量检测的高压直流换相失败预防方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):1-6.CHEN Shuyong,LI Xinnian,YU Jun,et al.A method based on the sin-cos components detection mitigates commutation failure in HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):1-6.
[13]刘建勋,陆榛,付俊波,等.抵御直流连续换相失败的同步调相机配置研究[J].智慧电力,2017,45(12):22-27.LIU Jianxun,LU Zhen,FU Junbo,et al.Research on synchronous condenser configuration for resisting continuous commutation failure in HVDC[J].Smart Power,2017,45(12):22-27.
[14]倪晓军,赵成勇,许韦华,等.降低直流输电换相失败概率的改进拓扑及其控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):811-820.NI Xiaojun,ZHAO Chengyong,XU Weihua,et al.An improved topology to decrease the commutation failure in LCC-HVDC and its control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):811-820.
[15]GUO C,LI C,ZHAO C,et al.An evolutional line-commutated converter integrated with thyristor-based full-bridge module to mitigate the commutation failure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(2):967-976.
[16]孙国强,高楷,卫志农,等.抑制HVDC系统换相失败的自适应PI控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):39-46.SUN Guoqiang,GAO Kai,WEI Zhinong,et al.Adaptive PI control method to restrain commutation failure in HVDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):39-46.
[17]BAUMAN J,KAZERANI M.Commutation failure reduction in HVDC system using adaptive fuzzy logic controller[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1995-2002.
[18]SUN Y Z,PENG L,MA F,et al.Design a fuzzy controller to minimize the effect of HVDC commutation failure on power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(1):100-107.
[19]李新年,陈树勇,庞光恒,等.华东多直流馈入系统换相失败预防和自动恢复能力的优化[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(6):134-140.LI Xinnian,CHEN Shuyong,PANG Guangheng,et al.Optimization of commutation failure prevention and automatic recovery for east China multi-infeed high-voltage direct current system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,39(6):134-140.
[20]刘羽超,郭春义,许韦华,等.一种降低直流输电换相失败概率的控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):76-82.LIU Yuchao,GUO Chunyi,XU Weihua,et al.A control method to reduce commutation failure probability in HVDC power transmission[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):76-82.
[21]袁阳,卫志农,王华伟,等.基于直流电流预测控制的换相失败预防方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):565-570.YUAN Yang,WEI Zhinong,WANG Huawei,et al.A DCcurrent predictive control based method to decrease probability of commutation failure[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):565-570.
[22]GUO Chunyi,ZHANG Yi.GOLE A M.Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(3):1529-1537.
[23]李瑶佳,汪娟娟,李子林,等.考虑高压直流输电系统无功特性的低压限流参数设置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):16-23.LI Yaojia,WANG Juanjuan,LI Zilin,et al.VDCOLparameters setting influenced by reactive power characteristics of HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(16):16-23.
[24]彭忠,李少华,李泰,等.高压直流输电系统抑制换相失败的最小关断面积控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(17):75-80.PENG Zhong,LI Shaohua,LI Tai,et al.A minimum extinction area control strategy to suppress commutation failure in HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(17):75-80.
[2]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2011.
[3]呙虎,李晨坤,崔挺,等.酒泉-湖南特高压直流对湖南电网稳控策略的影响研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(18):114-119.GUO Hu,LI Chenkun,CUI Ting,et al.Influence of the UHVDC project from Jiuquan to Hunan on stability control strategies in Hunan power grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(18):114-119.
[4]李新年,易俊,李柏青,等.直流输电系统换相失败仿真分析及运行情况统计[J].电网技术,2012,36(6):266-271.LI Xinnian,YI Jun,LI Baiqing,et al.Simulation analysis and operation statistics of commutation failure in HVDCtransmission system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(6):266-271.
[5]邵瑶,汤涌,郭小江,等.2015年特高压规划电网华北和华东地区多馈入直流输电系统的换相失败分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):9-15.SHAO Yao,TANG Yong,GUO Xiaojiang,et al.Analysis on commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC transmission systems in north China and east China power grids planned for UHV power grids in 2015[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):9-15.
[6]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:40-42.
[7]姜梦,熊浩清,邓晓璐,等.特高压直流闭锁后华东电网频率稳定特性研究[J].智慧电力,2018,46(5):58-64.JIANG Meng,XIONG Haoqing,DENG Xiaolu,et al.Study on power characteristics of UHVDC under abnormal operation[J].Smart Power,2018,46(5):58-64.
[8]张天,龚雁峰.特高压交直流电网输电技术及运行特性综述[J].智慧电力,2018,46(2):87-92.ZHANG Tian,GONG Yanfeng.Research on transmission technologies and operational performance of UHV AC/DC power grid in China[J].Smart Power,2018,46(5):87-92.
[9]王晶.高压直流输电典型故障控制保护策略的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.
[10]肖浩,朱佳,李银红,等.多馈入直流系统换相失败免疫水平快速确定方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2711-2717.XIAO Hao,ZHU Jia,LI Yinhong,et al.Study on rapid determination method of commutation failure immunity levels for multi-infeed HVDC transmission systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2711-2717.
[11]ZOU G,ZHENG J C,CHEN X X.Study on commutation failure in an HVDC inverter[C]//Proceeding of International Conference on Power System Technology,August 18-21,1998,Beijing,China:503-506.
[12]陈树勇,李新年,余军,等.基于正余弦分量检测的高压直流换相失败预防方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):1-6.CHEN Shuyong,LI Xinnian,YU Jun,et al.A method based on the sin-cos components detection mitigates commutation failure in HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):1-6.
[13]刘建勋,陆榛,付俊波,等.抵御直流连续换相失败的同步调相机配置研究[J].智慧电力,2017,45(12):22-27.LIU Jianxun,LU Zhen,FU Junbo,et al.Research on synchronous condenser configuration for resisting continuous commutation failure in HVDC[J].Smart Power,2017,45(12):22-27.
[14]倪晓军,赵成勇,许韦华,等.降低直流输电换相失败概率的改进拓扑及其控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(4):811-820.NI Xiaojun,ZHAO Chengyong,XU Weihua,et al.An improved topology to decrease the commutation failure in LCC-HVDC and its control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(4):811-820.
[15]GUO C,LI C,ZHAO C,et al.An evolutional line-commutated converter integrated with thyristor-based full-bridge module to mitigate the commutation failure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(2):967-976.
[16]孙国强,高楷,卫志农,等.抑制HVDC系统换相失败的自适应PI控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):39-46.SUN Guoqiang,GAO Kai,WEI Zhinong,et al.Adaptive PI control method to restrain commutation failure in HVDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):39-46.
[17]BAUMAN J,KAZERANI M.Commutation failure reduction in HVDC system using adaptive fuzzy logic controller[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1995-2002.
[18]SUN Y Z,PENG L,MA F,et al.Design a fuzzy controller to minimize the effect of HVDC commutation failure on power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(1):100-107.
[19]李新年,陈树勇,庞光恒,等.华东多直流馈入系统换相失败预防和自动恢复能力的优化[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(6):134-140.LI Xinnian,CHEN Shuyong,PANG Guangheng,et al.Optimization of commutation failure prevention and automatic recovery for east China multi-infeed high-voltage direct current system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,39(6):134-140.
[20]刘羽超,郭春义,许韦华,等.一种降低直流输电换相失败概率的控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):76-82.LIU Yuchao,GUO Chunyi,XU Weihua,et al.A control method to reduce commutation failure probability in HVDC power transmission[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):76-82.
[21]袁阳,卫志农,王华伟,等.基于直流电流预测控制的换相失败预防方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):565-570.YUAN Yang,WEI Zhinong,WANG Huawei,et al.A DCcurrent predictive control based method to decrease probability of commutation failure[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):565-570.
[22]GUO Chunyi,ZHANG Yi.GOLE A M.Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(3):1529-1537.
[23]李瑶佳,汪娟娟,李子林,等.考虑高压直流输电系统无功特性的低压限流参数设置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):16-23.LI Yaojia,WANG Juanjuan,LI Zilin,et al.VDCOLparameters setting influenced by reactive power characteristics of HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(16):16-23.
[24]彭忠,李少华,李泰,等.高压直流输电系统抑制换相失败的最小关断面积控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(17):75-80.PENG Zhong,LI Shaohua,LI Tai,et al.A minimum extinction area control strategy to suppress commutation failure in HVDC transmission system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(17):75-80.