激光基准桥梁挠度成像检测系统
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摘要
针对桥梁结构健康安全运行自动化实时检测的需求,提出了利用激光基准的嵌入式桥梁挠度图像式检测方案,设计了基于透射式靶标的测量数据视觉读数方法和硬件系统。该方案在分析桥梁跨中下挠成因的基础上,提出了检测系统的原理和组成,给出了检测系统的硬件原理框图,设计了透射式光斑转换智能靶标的结构图。给出了人机交互和远程传输模块的原理和系统上位机监测和分析终端软件,该方法应用于桥梁挠度参数的测量中解决了高精度和实时性的矛盾,保证了系统测量精度和效率。经实验室平台实测发现:利用该方法的测量误差小于300μm,数据更新率小于40 ms,满足了高精度实时性的要求。
Aiming at the requirement of automatic real-time detection for safe operation of bridge structure,an embedded image type bridge deflection detection scheme using laser datum is proposed,a visual measurement data reading method and hardware system based on transmission target are designed.On the basis of analyzing,the cause of bridge span down deflection,the principle and constitutes of the laser datum bridge deflection detection system,the hardware block diagram of system are presented,the structure diagrams of transmissivity intelligent target which can automatic convert light spot is designed,and the principle of human-interactive and remote transmission module,computer monitoring system and analysis software are also presented.The method solves the contradiction between high precision and real-time in measuring the bridge deflection,ensure the precision and efficiency of the measurement system.It is found by the laboratory platform that the measurement error of this method is less than 300 μm,and the data update rate is less than 40 ms,which meets the requirements of high precision and real-time.
Aiming at the requirement of automatic real-time detection for safe operation of bridge structure,an embedded image type bridge deflection detection scheme using laser datum is proposed,a visual measurement data reading method and hardware system based on transmission target are designed.On the basis of analyzing,the cause of bridge span down deflection,the principle and constitutes of the laser datum bridge deflection detection system,the hardware block diagram of system are presented,the structure diagrams of transmissivity intelligent target which can automatic convert light spot is designed,and the principle of human-interactive and remote transmission module,computer monitoring system and analysis software are also presented.The method solves the contradiction between high precision and real-time in measuring the bridge deflection,ensure the precision and efficiency of the measurement system.It is found by the laboratory platform that the measurement error of this method is less than 300 μm,and the data update rate is less than 40 ms,which meets the requirements of high precision and real-time.
引文
[1] XIE Jun,WANG Guoliang,ZHENG Xiaohua.State of arts of long-term deflection for long span prestressed concrete box-girder[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,(1):47-50.
[2] KANG Weiwei.Research on ranging technology in total station laser alignment system[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.(in Chinese)康玮玮.全站式激光准直系统中的测距技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[3] ZHANG Benniu,SHI Lingli,ZHOU Zhixiang,et al.Laser projection deflection monitoring system for collimating point of Wujiang bridge in Tu Kan[J].Architecture Science,2011,27(3):30-32.(in Chinese)张奔牛,石玲莉,周志祥,张开洪.土坎乌江大桥准直点激光投射式挠度监测系统[J].建筑科学,2011,27(3):30-32.
[4] Karim Helmi,Todd Taylor,Ali Zarafshan,et al.Reference free method for real time monitoring of bridge deflections[J].Engineering Structures,2015,(103):116-124.
[5] Panos A,Psimoulis,Stathis C Stiros.Measurement of deflections and of oscillation frequencies of engineering structures using Robotic Theodolites(RTS)[J].Engineering Structures,2007,12(29):3312-3324.
[6] Panos A Psimoulis,Stathis C.Stiros.A supervised learning computer-based algorithm to derive the amplitude of oscillations of structures using noisy GPS and Robotic Theodolites(RTS) records[J].Computers & Structures,2012,2(92-93):337-348.
[7] ZENG Xiaoming,ZHANG Wenji.Research on bridge deflection detection technology based on total station[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,2003,17(1):39-41.(in Chinese)曾小明.张文基.基于全站仪的桥梁挠度检测技术研究[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2003,17(1):39-41.
[8] HU Xiao.Research on bridge high frequency deflection detection technology based on laser ranging principle[J].Architectural knowledge,2016,(3):267-290.(in Chinese)胡晓.一种基于激光测距原理的桥梁高频挠度检测技术的研究[J].建筑知识,2016,(3):267-290.
[9] LI Guiliang.Research on the method of measuring bridge deflection based on wireless inclination sensor[D].Tianjing:Hebei University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)李桂良.基于无线倾角传感器测量桥梁挠度的方法研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2013.
[10] XIANG Yiqiang,LI Chunhui,BAI Hua.A new non-contact detection method for bridge deflection and deformation[J].China Municipal Engineering,2010,(5):66-68.(in Chinese)项贻强,李春辉,白桦.新型非接触式桥梁挠度和变形的检测方法[J].中国市政工程,2010,(5):66-68.
[11] LU Ying.Application research of bridge detection technology based on 3D laser scanning[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.(in Chinese)卢颖.基于三维激光扫描的桥梁检测技术应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[12] SUN Jiping.Uncertainty analysis of bridge deflection measurement using leveling instrument[J].Scientific and Technological Information,2010,(13):134-135.(in Chinese)孙冀平.采用水准仪测量桥梁挠度测量不确定度分析[J].科技资讯,2010,(13):134-135.
[13] ZHAO Lizhen,HE Xianlong.Testing static deflection of railway bridges based on inclinometer[J].China Test,2012,38(1):136-138.(in Chinese)赵立珍,何先龙.基于倾角仪测试铁路桥梁静态挠度[J].中国测试,2012,38(1):136-138.
[14] ZHANG W,Sun L M,Sun S W.Bridge-deflection estimation through inclinometer data considering structural damages[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2016,22(2):04016117.
[15] CHEN Zhongxiao,WANG Jun,HAN Jinbo,et al.Bridge deflection detection based on connected pipe principle[J].Machinery and Electronics,2016,34(3):50-53.(in Chinese)陈忠孝,王军,韩锦波,等.基于连通管原理的桥梁挠度检测[J].机械与电子,2016,34(3):50-53.
[16] Yang J C,Chen W M.Connected pipe opto-electronic deflection measurement system and the application in Dafoshi Yangtze River Bridge[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2006,17(3):343-346.
[17] Liu Y,Deng Y,Cai C S.Deflection monitoring and assessment for a suspension bridge using a connected pipe system:a case study in China[J].Structural Control & Health Monitoring,2015,22(12):1408-1425.
[18] WANG Haiyan,YANG Tingwu,AN Yuying.Acta photonica sinica,2003,32(1):9-13.(in Chinese)王海晏,杨廷梧,安毓英.激光水下偏振特性用于目标图像探测[J].光子学报,2003,32(1):9-13.
[19] DEGN Suai.Study on dimming method of photoelectric theodolite[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.(in Chinese)邓帅.光电经纬仪调光方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[20] Yoneyama S,Kitagawa A,Iwata S,et al.Bridge deflection measurement using digital image correlation [J].Experimental Techniques,2007,31(1):34-40.
[21] Basu A K,Matthews L K.Assessment of the current condition of structures using nondestructive,modeling,and parameter estimation techniques[C] .Smart Structures & Materials.International Society for Optics and Photonics,1995:242-257.
[22] YE Huawen,WANGa Liwu,QU Haobo.Long term deflection analysis of Prestressed Continuous Box Girder in Palau[J/OL].Chinese and foreign highway,2017,(5):81-87.(2017-10-24).(in Chinese)叶华文,王力武,曲浩博.帕劳国预应力连续箱梁长期下挠分析[J/OL].中外公路,2017,(5):81-87.(2017-10-24).
[23] YE Feng,WANG Min,CHEN Jiandong.Correction of camera nonlinear distortion based on coplanar points[J].Optical precision engineering,2015,23(10):2962-2970.(in Chinese)叶峰,王敏,陈剑东.共面点的摄像机非线性畸变校正[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(10):2962-2970.
[24] REN Xiaokui,JIN Lin,JIAO Wenbin.Camera lens distortion correction on IACPSO algorithm [J].Application Research of Computers.2015,32(6):1865-1868.(in Chinese)任晓奎,靳琳,缴文斌.基于IACPSO算法的摄像机镜头畸变校正[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(6):1865-1868.
[25] ZHANG Jing,ZHU Dayong,ZHANG Zhiyong.A non metric correction method for camera lens distortion[J].Journal of Optics,2008,(8):1552-1557.(in Chinese)张靖,朱大勇,张志勇.摄像机镜头畸变的一种非量测校正方法[J].光学学报,2008,(8):1552-1557.
[26] XU Fang.Research on image distortion correction technology of airborne CCD camera based on FPGA[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese)徐芳.基于FPGA的航空CCD相机图像畸变校正技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[27] WANG Guiping,WANG Huifeng,LIU Panzi.Field correction of imaging distortion with characteristic parallel lines[J].Journal of Photons,2014,43(1):93-97.(in Chinese)汪贵平,王会峰,刘盼芝.特征平行直线的成像畸变现场校正[J].光子学报,2014,43(1):93-97.
[28] ZHANG Wentao,ZHU Baohua.Influence of atmospheric turbulence on laser signal transmission[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and technology of China,2007,36(4):784-787.(in Chinese)张文涛,朱保华.大气湍流对激光信号传输影响的研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2007,36(4):784-787.
[29] Ebrahim Mohammadi Razi,Saifollah Rasouli.Investigation of inhomogeneity and anisotropy in near ground layers of atmospheric air turbulence using image motion monitoring method[J].Optics Communications,2016.
[30] QIANG Xiwen,ZHANG Hui.The attenuation effect of lidar signal[J].Applied Optics,2000,21:88-89.
[2] KANG Weiwei.Research on ranging technology in total station laser alignment system[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.(in Chinese)康玮玮.全站式激光准直系统中的测距技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[3] ZHANG Benniu,SHI Lingli,ZHOU Zhixiang,et al.Laser projection deflection monitoring system for collimating point of Wujiang bridge in Tu Kan[J].Architecture Science,2011,27(3):30-32.(in Chinese)张奔牛,石玲莉,周志祥,张开洪.土坎乌江大桥准直点激光投射式挠度监测系统[J].建筑科学,2011,27(3):30-32.
[4] Karim Helmi,Todd Taylor,Ali Zarafshan,et al.Reference free method for real time monitoring of bridge deflections[J].Engineering Structures,2015,(103):116-124.
[5] Panos A,Psimoulis,Stathis C Stiros.Measurement of deflections and of oscillation frequencies of engineering structures using Robotic Theodolites(RTS)[J].Engineering Structures,2007,12(29):3312-3324.
[6] Panos A Psimoulis,Stathis C.Stiros.A supervised learning computer-based algorithm to derive the amplitude of oscillations of structures using noisy GPS and Robotic Theodolites(RTS) records[J].Computers & Structures,2012,2(92-93):337-348.
[7] ZENG Xiaoming,ZHANG Wenji.Research on bridge deflection detection technology based on total station[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,2003,17(1):39-41.(in Chinese)曾小明.张文基.基于全站仪的桥梁挠度检测技术研究[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2003,17(1):39-41.
[8] HU Xiao.Research on bridge high frequency deflection detection technology based on laser ranging principle[J].Architectural knowledge,2016,(3):267-290.(in Chinese)胡晓.一种基于激光测距原理的桥梁高频挠度检测技术的研究[J].建筑知识,2016,(3):267-290.
[9] LI Guiliang.Research on the method of measuring bridge deflection based on wireless inclination sensor[D].Tianjing:Hebei University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)李桂良.基于无线倾角传感器测量桥梁挠度的方法研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2013.
[10] XIANG Yiqiang,LI Chunhui,BAI Hua.A new non-contact detection method for bridge deflection and deformation[J].China Municipal Engineering,2010,(5):66-68.(in Chinese)项贻强,李春辉,白桦.新型非接触式桥梁挠度和变形的检测方法[J].中国市政工程,2010,(5):66-68.
[11] LU Ying.Application research of bridge detection technology based on 3D laser scanning[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.(in Chinese)卢颖.基于三维激光扫描的桥梁检测技术应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[12] SUN Jiping.Uncertainty analysis of bridge deflection measurement using leveling instrument[J].Scientific and Technological Information,2010,(13):134-135.(in Chinese)孙冀平.采用水准仪测量桥梁挠度测量不确定度分析[J].科技资讯,2010,(13):134-135.
[13] ZHAO Lizhen,HE Xianlong.Testing static deflection of railway bridges based on inclinometer[J].China Test,2012,38(1):136-138.(in Chinese)赵立珍,何先龙.基于倾角仪测试铁路桥梁静态挠度[J].中国测试,2012,38(1):136-138.
[14] ZHANG W,Sun L M,Sun S W.Bridge-deflection estimation through inclinometer data considering structural damages[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2016,22(2):04016117.
[15] CHEN Zhongxiao,WANG Jun,HAN Jinbo,et al.Bridge deflection detection based on connected pipe principle[J].Machinery and Electronics,2016,34(3):50-53.(in Chinese)陈忠孝,王军,韩锦波,等.基于连通管原理的桥梁挠度检测[J].机械与电子,2016,34(3):50-53.
[16] Yang J C,Chen W M.Connected pipe opto-electronic deflection measurement system and the application in Dafoshi Yangtze River Bridge[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2006,17(3):343-346.
[17] Liu Y,Deng Y,Cai C S.Deflection monitoring and assessment for a suspension bridge using a connected pipe system:a case study in China[J].Structural Control & Health Monitoring,2015,22(12):1408-1425.
[18] WANG Haiyan,YANG Tingwu,AN Yuying.Acta photonica sinica,2003,32(1):9-13.(in Chinese)王海晏,杨廷梧,安毓英.激光水下偏振特性用于目标图像探测[J].光子学报,2003,32(1):9-13.
[19] DEGN Suai.Study on dimming method of photoelectric theodolite[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.(in Chinese)邓帅.光电经纬仪调光方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[20] Yoneyama S,Kitagawa A,Iwata S,et al.Bridge deflection measurement using digital image correlation [J].Experimental Techniques,2007,31(1):34-40.
[21] Basu A K,Matthews L K.Assessment of the current condition of structures using nondestructive,modeling,and parameter estimation techniques[C] .Smart Structures & Materials.International Society for Optics and Photonics,1995:242-257.
[22] YE Huawen,WANGa Liwu,QU Haobo.Long term deflection analysis of Prestressed Continuous Box Girder in Palau[J/OL].Chinese and foreign highway,2017,(5):81-87.(2017-10-24).(in Chinese)叶华文,王力武,曲浩博.帕劳国预应力连续箱梁长期下挠分析[J/OL].中外公路,2017,(5):81-87.(2017-10-24).
[23] YE Feng,WANG Min,CHEN Jiandong.Correction of camera nonlinear distortion based on coplanar points[J].Optical precision engineering,2015,23(10):2962-2970.(in Chinese)叶峰,王敏,陈剑东.共面点的摄像机非线性畸变校正[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(10):2962-2970.
[24] REN Xiaokui,JIN Lin,JIAO Wenbin.Camera lens distortion correction on IACPSO algorithm [J].Application Research of Computers.2015,32(6):1865-1868.(in Chinese)任晓奎,靳琳,缴文斌.基于IACPSO算法的摄像机镜头畸变校正[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(6):1865-1868.
[25] ZHANG Jing,ZHU Dayong,ZHANG Zhiyong.A non metric correction method for camera lens distortion[J].Journal of Optics,2008,(8):1552-1557.(in Chinese)张靖,朱大勇,张志勇.摄像机镜头畸变的一种非量测校正方法[J].光学学报,2008,(8):1552-1557.
[26] XU Fang.Research on image distortion correction technology of airborne CCD camera based on FPGA[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese)徐芳.基于FPGA的航空CCD相机图像畸变校正技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[27] WANG Guiping,WANG Huifeng,LIU Panzi.Field correction of imaging distortion with characteristic parallel lines[J].Journal of Photons,2014,43(1):93-97.(in Chinese)汪贵平,王会峰,刘盼芝.特征平行直线的成像畸变现场校正[J].光子学报,2014,43(1):93-97.
[28] ZHANG Wentao,ZHU Baohua.Influence of atmospheric turbulence on laser signal transmission[J].Journal of University of Electronic Science and technology of China,2007,36(4):784-787.(in Chinese)张文涛,朱保华.大气湍流对激光信号传输影响的研究[J].电子科技大学学报,2007,36(4):784-787.
[29] Ebrahim Mohammadi Razi,Saifollah Rasouli.Investigation of inhomogeneity and anisotropy in near ground layers of atmospheric air turbulence using image motion monitoring method[J].Optics Communications,2016.
[30] QIANG Xiwen,ZHANG Hui.The attenuation effect of lidar signal[J].Applied Optics,2000,21:88-89.