景观再生视野下江淮传统圩田生态智慧的继承与发展
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摘要
圩田作为整体人文生态系统,是江淮地区重要的传统生态智慧。现如今圩区新城建设面临着洪涝风险加剧、生物多样性降低和传统聚居模式不再适用等多种难题,亟待传统生态智慧的重新引介与适应性发展。梳理总结了传统江淮圩田系统景观再生的动力学机制,提出圩田系统包含水、地和人3个维度,其实现景观再生的关键是经济-环境-社会系统的耦合及产生的综合效益。圩区新城建设应致力于保护圩田系统耦合关系的物质载体及其空间格局,重新建构系统新平衡。以安徽舒城杭埠新城为例,提出适应新语境的再生规划设计策略:1)倡导基于圩田系统的低影响开发;2)发挥圩田生态系统服务功能;3)建设依托圩田空间结构的开放居住组团,为传统生态智慧在当代的再生提供借鉴。
As a kind of whole human ecosystem, the polder turns out to be one of the most outstanding traditional eco-wisdom in Yangtze River region. Nowadays new town development faces the problems of high risk of flooding, degradation of biodiversity and invalidation of conventional settlement pattern and urge for the inherit and redevelop the traditional polder eco-wisdom. The study summarizes the mechanism of the traditional polder landscape and finds out the system consists of water, land and inhabitants. The efficient coupling of three subsystems of economics, environment, and social makes it possible to ongoing regenerate. To maintain the existing polder system is pivotal to new town development. The paper proposes sustainable strategies of planning and design based on the case study of Hangbu New Town in Shucheng of Anhui Province, China, including low impact development strategy, enhancement of ecosystem services and construction of public open spaces system.
As a kind of whole human ecosystem, the polder turns out to be one of the most outstanding traditional eco-wisdom in Yangtze River region. Nowadays new town development faces the problems of high risk of flooding, degradation of biodiversity and invalidation of conventional settlement pattern and urge for the inherit and redevelop the traditional polder eco-wisdom. The study summarizes the mechanism of the traditional polder landscape and finds out the system consists of water, land and inhabitants. The efficient coupling of three subsystems of economics, environment, and social makes it possible to ongoing regenerate. To maintain the existing polder system is pivotal to new town development. The paper proposes sustainable strategies of planning and design based on the case study of Hangbu New Town in Shucheng of Anhui Province, China, including low impact development strategy, enhancement of ecosystem services and construction of public open spaces system.
引文
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[15]戴代新.景观再生的生态智慧[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):60-65.
[16]王建革.水车与秧苗:清代江南稻田排涝与生产恢复场景[J].清史研究,2006(2):1-11.
[17]王建革.宋元时期吴淞江圩田区的耕作制与农田景观[J].古今农业,2008(4):30-41.
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[23]Lyle J.Design for Human Ecosystems:Landscape,Land Use,and Natural Resources[M].Washington D.C.:Island press,1999:5-6.
[2]Naveh Z.The total human ecosystem:integrating ecology and economics[J].Bio Science,2000(4):357-361.
[3]汪洁琼,郑祺.水生态服务与江南水网空间形态的耦合机理研究[J].南方建筑,2016(4):20-24.
[4]李俊生,高吉喜,张晓岚,等.城市化对生物多样性的影响研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(8):953-957.
[5]李红波,张小林,吴启焰,等.发达地区乡村聚落空间重构的特征与机理研究:以苏南为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):591-603.
[6]张芳.耿桔和《常熟县水利全书》[J].中国农史,1985(3):64-73.
[7]耿橘,孙峻.筑圩图说及筑圩法[M].北京:农业出版社,1980:10-11.
[8]汪家伦.古代太湖地区治理水网圩田的若干经验教训[J].江苏水利,1980(12):65-71.
[9]郭凯.太湖流域塘浦圩田系统的形成及其影响研究[C]//中国农业历史学会.第七届东亚农业史国际学术研讨会论文集,2007:417-428.
[10]王建革.技术与圩田土壤环境史:以嘉湖平原为中心[J].中国农史,2006(1):99-110.
[11]庄华峰,满创创.皖江流域圩田的兴筑与管理[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2013(6):120-124.
[12]侯晓蕾,郭巍.圩田景观研究形态、功能及影响探讨[J].风景园林,2015,22(6):123-128.
[13]郭巍,侯晓蕾.筑塘、围垦和定居:萧绍圩区圩田景观分析[J].中国园林,2016,32(7):41-48.
[14]吴滔.明清江南地区的“乡圩”[J].中国农史,1995(3):54-61.
[15]戴代新.景观再生的生态智慧[J].中国园林,2017,33(7):60-65.
[16]王建革.水车与秧苗:清代江南稻田排涝与生产恢复场景[J].清史研究,2006(2):1-11.
[17]王建革.宋元时期吴淞江圩田区的耕作制与农田景观[J].古今农业,2008(4):30-41.
[18]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:37-39.
[19]周心琴.城市化进程中乡村景观变迁研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2006:115-117.
[20]刘彦随.区域土地利用系统优化调控的机理与模式[J].资源科学,1999,21(4):63-68.
[21]马克明,傅伯杰,黎晓亚,等.区域生态安全格局:概念与理论基础[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):761-768.
[22]Birkeland J.Positive Development:Designing for Net Positive Impacts[J].BEDP Environment Design Guide,2007(4):1-8.
[23]Lyle J.Design for Human Ecosystems:Landscape,Land Use,and Natural Resources[M].Washington D.C.:Island press,1999:5-6.