高钙高蛋白日粮对海兰褐蛋鸡肾脏结构与功能的影响
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摘要
旨在探讨高钙高蛋白日粮对海兰褐蛋鸡肾脏结构和功能的影响。将80只40日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机均分为4组,对照组(组1)饲喂基础日粮(钙1.0%、粗蛋白17.5%),组2饲喂高钙(钙4.5%),组3饲喂高蛋白(粗蛋白27.0%),组4饲喂高钙高蛋白(钙4.5%、粗蛋白27.0%)饲料,试验期95天。第95 d各组随机抽取6羽,采集血清用全自动生化分析仪检测血清尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CR)。采血后扑杀,解剖并观察肾的病理变化及组织学变化,ELISA法检测肾脏中炎性因子白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平。结果在试验第95天,组2和组3鸡的体重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血清BUN值极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);组4鸡血清UA和BUN显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清CR极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。部分试验组鸡肾脏肿胀,内有白色糊状物。组织学观察发现肾小球炎性肿胀或萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死并脱离基底膜。3个试验组肾组织中的IL-1均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)、IL-6显著高于对照组(P<0.05);组2、4肾组织中的TNF-α显著高于对照组(P<0.05),组3TNF-α极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:饲喂高钙高蛋白饲料会对鸡肾的结构和功能产生不同程度损伤。
To investigate the effects of high-calcium and high-protein diets on kidney in Hyacinth brown-egg laying hens, 80 of the 40-day-old hens were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed with the basal diet(calcium 1.0% and crude protein 17.5%), Group Ⅱ with high calcium(calcium 4.5%) diet, Group Ⅲ with high protein(crude protein 27.0%) diet, and Group Ⅳ with high calcium and high protein(calcium 4.5%, crude protein 27.0%) diet. The test lasted for 95 days. On the 95~(th) day, 6 of the hens were randomly chosen from each group to collect their serum samples. The levels of uric acid(UA), urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatinine(CR) in the serum were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Then, the chickens were dissected, and the pathological and histological changes in the kidneys were observed. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidneys. The result were: On the 95~(th) day of the experiment, the body weight of the hens in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the BUN values in the serunm of the hens in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). The UA and BUN in the serum of the hens of Group 4 were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The CR in the serum of Group 4 was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). The concentration of IL-1, IL-6 and the tumor necrosis factor in the kidneys of hens of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were all increased. The kidneys of some hens of the tested groups were swollen with white paste in them. Glomerular swell or atrophy, renal tubular epithelial cells degenerated, necrotized, and detached from the basement membrane. The IL-1 levels in the renal tissues of the hens of the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control
To investigate the effects of high-calcium and high-protein diets on kidney in Hyacinth brown-egg laying hens, 80 of the 40-day-old hens were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed with the basal diet(calcium 1.0% and crude protein 17.5%), Group Ⅱ with high calcium(calcium 4.5%) diet, Group Ⅲ with high protein(crude protein 27.0%) diet, and Group Ⅳ with high calcium and high protein(calcium 4.5%, crude protein 27.0%) diet. The test lasted for 95 days. On the 95~(th) day, 6 of the hens were randomly chosen from each group to collect their serum samples. The levels of uric acid(UA), urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatinine(CR) in the serum were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Then, the chickens were dissected, and the pathological and histological changes in the kidneys were observed. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidneys. The result were: On the 95~(th) day of the experiment, the body weight of the hens in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), whereas the BUN values in the serunm of the hens in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). The UA and BUN in the serum of the hens of Group 4 were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The CR in the serum of Group 4 was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). The concentration of IL-1, IL-6 and the tumor necrosis factor in the kidneys of hens of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were all increased. The kidneys of some hens of the tested groups were swollen with white paste in them. Glomerular swell or atrophy, renal tubular epithelial cells degenerated, necrotized, and detached from the basement membrane. The IL-1 levels in the renal tissues of the hens of the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control
引文
[1] 骆建兵. 高钙高蛋白日粮对鸡肝肾功能与酸碱平衡的影响及痛风形成机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2006.
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[4] Tang J. Clinicopathology of gout in growing layers induced by high calcium and high protein diets[J].Br Poult Sci, 2005, 46(5):641-646.
[5] 窦磊磊. 鹅痛风的病因, 症状, 诊断与防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技, 2017(1):59.
[6] 仝宗喜. 非病原性因子与鸡肾病的关系[J].今日畜牧兽医, 2011(1):41-43.
[7] 李涌. 家禽发生痛风病因和防治[J].农业开发与装备, 2017(5):187.
[8] 唐建霞,黄克和,郭小叔,等.高钙与高蛋白日粮诱发鸡痛风[J].中国兽医学报,2005(2):203-205.
[9] 王讯,马恒东,赵玲. 鸡体内尿酸生物学功能的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(3):41-43.
[10] Hediger M A. Gateway to a long life[J].Nature, 2002, 417(6887):395.
[11] 王建华. 兽医内科学[M]北京:中国农业出版社, 2010: 425.
[12] 朱书梁. 高钙和高钙高蛋白日粮对鸡临床病理学及相关基因表达的影响[D].南昌: 江西农业大学, 2014.
[13] 雷鹏. 不同钙源的高钙日粮诱发青年蛋鸡痛风的机理研究[D].南昌: 江西农业大学, 2011.
[14] 唐建霞, 黄克和, 郭小权. 高钙日粮致鸡尿液及尿沉渣变化的研究[J].南京:南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1):89-92.
[15] 王蓉, 马春华, 焦瑞清, 等. 桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用的研究[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2015(11):2215-2223.
[16] 张立军. 血清胱抑素C在肾损伤中研究及与血肌酐尿素氮关系的分析[J].当代医学, 2011 (2):4-6.
[17] Kang D H, Nakagawa T, Feng L, et al. Nitric oxide modulates vascular disease in the remnant kidney model[J].American J Pathol, 2002, 161(1):239-248.
[18] 苏军霞, 李建华. 高尿酸血症与慢性肾衰竭的研究进展[J].甘肃医药, 2011 (7):401-404.
[19] Khosla U M, Zharikov S, Finch J L, et al. Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction[J].Kidney Internat, 2005, 67(5):1739-1742.
[2] Lin K, Lin H, P. Community based epidemiological study on hyperuricemia and gout in Kin-Hu, Kinmen[J].J Rheumatol, 2000, 27(4):1045-1050.
[3] 许英民, 杨成勇. 肉仔鹅饲喂肉鸡料引发痛风病的报告[J].中国禽业导刊, 2006 (11):25.
[4] Tang J. Clinicopathology of gout in growing layers induced by high calcium and high protein diets[J].Br Poult Sci, 2005, 46(5):641-646.
[5] 窦磊磊. 鹅痛风的病因, 症状, 诊断与防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技, 2017(1):59.
[6] 仝宗喜. 非病原性因子与鸡肾病的关系[J].今日畜牧兽医, 2011(1):41-43.
[7] 李涌. 家禽发生痛风病因和防治[J].农业开发与装备, 2017(5):187.
[8] 唐建霞,黄克和,郭小叔,等.高钙与高蛋白日粮诱发鸡痛风[J].中国兽医学报,2005(2):203-205.
[9] 王讯,马恒东,赵玲. 鸡体内尿酸生物学功能的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(3):41-43.
[10] Hediger M A. Gateway to a long life[J].Nature, 2002, 417(6887):395.
[11] 王建华. 兽医内科学[M]北京:中国农业出版社, 2010: 425.
[12] 朱书梁. 高钙和高钙高蛋白日粮对鸡临床病理学及相关基因表达的影响[D].南昌: 江西农业大学, 2014.
[13] 雷鹏. 不同钙源的高钙日粮诱发青年蛋鸡痛风的机理研究[D].南昌: 江西农业大学, 2011.
[14] 唐建霞, 黄克和, 郭小权. 高钙日粮致鸡尿液及尿沉渣变化的研究[J].南京:南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(1):89-92.
[15] 王蓉, 马春华, 焦瑞清, 等. 桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用的研究[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2015(11):2215-2223.
[16] 张立军. 血清胱抑素C在肾损伤中研究及与血肌酐尿素氮关系的分析[J].当代医学, 2011 (2):4-6.
[17] Kang D H, Nakagawa T, Feng L, et al. Nitric oxide modulates vascular disease in the remnant kidney model[J].American J Pathol, 2002, 161(1):239-248.
[18] 苏军霞, 李建华. 高尿酸血症与慢性肾衰竭的研究进展[J].甘肃医药, 2011 (7):401-404.
[19] Khosla U M, Zharikov S, Finch J L, et al. Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction[J].Kidney Internat, 2005, 67(5):1739-1742.