生态文明进程中生态建设与产业发展的均衡性测度研究
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摘要
生态文明的本质是产业与生态互利共生,目标是在一个区域内实现产业发展与生态建设协同。在中国着力推进生态文明建设的新时代背景下,科学测度生态建设与产业发展的均衡差异性,有利于管理者深入掌握生态建设与产业发展的差距,进而采取强有力的措施助推生态文明建设具有重要指导价值。为解决已有研究的不足,利用2007～2016十年数据,通过"阈值-绿值"二步方法,首先,测度了生态文明阈值,据此判定全国及其省域是否"入门"(进入生态文明阶段,下同);其次,测度了已"入门"区域生态文明绿值,并对生态文明水平进行了判定;最后,根据绿值测度了已"入门"区域生态与产业的均衡系数。研究表明:1)生态建设与产业发展均衡性逐渐向好但均衡水平仍然不高;2)生态建设与产业经济存在"U形"变化趋势。创新在于:建立了绿值模型来测度生态与产业的均衡性,进而辨析了已"入门"省域生态与产业的均衡等级。
The essence of ecological civilization is symbiosis between ecology and industry, and its goal is to realize coordination synchronization between ecology and industry in a region. Calculating the degree of balance between ecology construction and industry development is helpful to identify the gap between ecology and industry under the background of constructing ecological civilization, and also can provide some reference for making symbiosis between ecology and industry to construct ecological civilization. To overcome some weaknesses in the current existing researches, threshold value index and green degree index were calculated in turn from indicators to judge whether regions have entered the stage and the level of ecological civilization or not. We can conclude these following conclusions below. ①The balance between ecological construction and industrial economy is gradually improving, but the level of balance is still not high. ②There is a U-shaped curve relationship between ecological construction and industry development. The innovation lies in using the green value model to calculate the balance difference between ecology and industry, and further differentiate and analyze the level and type of balance between ecology and industry in the province.
The essence of ecological civilization is symbiosis between ecology and industry, and its goal is to realize coordination synchronization between ecology and industry in a region. Calculating the degree of balance between ecology construction and industry development is helpful to identify the gap between ecology and industry under the background of constructing ecological civilization, and also can provide some reference for making symbiosis between ecology and industry to construct ecological civilization. To overcome some weaknesses in the current existing researches, threshold value index and green degree index were calculated in turn from indicators to judge whether regions have entered the stage and the level of ecological civilization or not. We can conclude these following conclusions below. ①The balance between ecological construction and industrial economy is gradually improving, but the level of balance is still not high. ②There is a U-shaped curve relationship between ecological construction and industry development. The innovation lies in using the green value model to calculate the balance difference between ecology and industry, and further differentiate and analyze the level and type of balance between ecology and industry in the province.
引文
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[31] 严耕.生态文明评价的现状与发展方向探析[J].中国党政干部论坛,2013(1):14-17.
[32] 廖冰,张智光.生态文明指标优化与权重计量实证研究-基于PSIR与SEM相结合方法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(4):779-792.
[2] 张智光.生态文明:新时代的发展观[N].中国绿色时报,2017-12-05(1).
[3] 习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利-在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[N].人民日报,2017-10-28(001).
[4] 习近平.习近平向生态文明贵阳国际论坛2018年年会致贺信[EB/OL].人民网,http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0708/c64094-30133030.html.2018-07-08/2019-2-17.
[5] 张智光.人类文明与生态安全:共生空间的演化理论[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(7):1-8.
[6] 张智光.基于生态-产业共生关系的林业生态安全测度方法构想[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1326-1336.
[7] 方创琳,鲍超.黑河流域水-生态-经济发展耦合模型及应用[J].地理学报,2004,59(5):781-790.
[8] 盖美,王宇飞,马国栋,等.辽宁沿海地区用水效率与经济的耦合协调发展评价[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(12):2081-2094.
[9] Liu M C,Liu X C,Yang Z S.An integrated indicator on region ecological civilization construction in China[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology,2015,23(1):1-8.
[10] 董孝斌,高旺盛,严茂超.基于能值理论的农牧交错带两个典型县域生态经济系统的耦合效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):1-6.
[11] 苏鑫,王继军,郭满才,等.基于结构方程模型的吴起县农业生态经济系统耦合关系[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):937-944.
[12] Leng H,Zhao H Q,Zhang L,et al.Index system and evaluation of ecological civilization in county administrative areas:a case study of Hainan[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012(524):3578-3583.
[13] 黄梦圆,白彩全,何宜庆,等.基于投影寻踪模型的长三角经济发展与生态效率耦合协调性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(16):4088-4093.
[14] 曹诗颂,王艳慧,段福洲,等.中国贫困地区生态环境脆弱性与经济贫困的耦合关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2614-2622.
[15] 党小虎,刘国彬,赵晓光.黄土丘陵区县南沟流域生态恢复的生态经济耦合过程及可持续性分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):6321-6333.
[16] 胡江华.生态文明建设与区域经济发展-基于双水平混合效应模型的分析[J].区域经济评论,2015(4):83-90.
[17] 王维.长江经济带生态保护与经济发展耦合协调发展格局研究[J].湖北社会科学,2018(1):73-80.
[18] 张智光.林业生态安全的共生耦合测度模型与判据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(8):90-99.
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[20] Charney N D,Babst F,Poulter B,et al.Observed forest sensitivity to climate implies large changes in 21st century north American forest growth[J].Ecology Letters,2016,19(9):1119-1128.
[21] Bergquist A K,Keskitalo E,Carina H.Regulation versus deregulation:policy divergence between Swedish forestry and the Swedish pulp and paper industry after the 1990s[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2016,73:10-17.
[22] 孟丹丹,殷淑燕.陕西渭北旱塬地区县域经济发展与生态建设互动研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(1):20-24.
[23] 向敬伟,万沙,胡守庚.城市生态经济耦合协调发展的因子贡献度分析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(6):30-36.
[24] 余凤鸣,周杜辉,杜忠潮,等.陕西省经济发展与生态环境耦合关系研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):292-297.
[25] 王介勇,吴建寨.黄河三角洲区域生态经济系统动态耦合过程及趋势[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4861-4868.
[26] 廖冰,张智光,刘春香,等.引入森林资源中介变量的林业产业与生态作用机理研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(11):159-168.
[27] 廖冰,张智光.林业生态安全指标-指数的耦合实证测度研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(9):1777-1791.
[28] 陈岩,张智光,谢煜,等.中国省域林业生态安全格局的预警性测度-生态与产业共生的视角[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(5):480-489.
[29] 陈岩,张智光,廖冰.中国东北国有林区林业生态安全动态变化研究-生态与产业共生视角[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(4):411-416.
[30] 张智光.生态文明阈值和绿值二步测度:指标-指数耦合链方法[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(9):212-224.
[31] 严耕.生态文明评价的现状与发展方向探析[J].中国党政干部论坛,2013(1):14-17.
[32] 廖冰,张智光.生态文明指标优化与权重计量实证研究-基于PSIR与SEM相结合方法[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(4):779-792.