毫米级超高转速盘表面传热系数瞬态测量方法
|
摘要
在超微型涡轮喷气发动机中,转子系统尺寸可小至毫米级,为保证一定的功率输出,转子的转速需高达上百万转。对于该类型发动机中毫米级超高转速旋转盘表面换热特性的研究,无法布置常规手段的热电偶或热流计,表面传热系数测量异常困难。针对这一问题,提出基于集总参数法原理的旋转盘表面传热系数测量方法,即使用红外测温技术,获得转盘表面在不同时刻的温度,通过瞬态导热的集总参数法得到转盘表面的表面传热系数。结果显示:该方法与理论解误差随着旋转雷诺数的增高逐渐减小,最大误差小于13%,表明该方法在测量毫米级超高速旋转盘表面传热系数上是可行的。
In order to ensure the power output,the rotating speed of the rotor system needs up to a million revolutions per minute in ultra-micro turbine engine on account of the millimeter-scale rotor system.It is difficult to measure the surface heat transfer coefficient of the millimeter-scale disk with super rotating speed because it is impossible to arrange thermocouples or heat flux meters.A transient method based on lumped parameter method is introduced to measure the surface heat transfer coefficient for a millimeter-scale rotating disk.The temperature of the rotating disk at different times is obtained using the infrared temperature measurement technique,and then the surface heat transfer coefficient is obtained by the lumped parameter method of transient heat conduction.The error between the experimental results and the theoretical solutions decreases with the increasing rotating Reynolds number,and the max error is less than 13%.The results show that the method is feasible in measuring the surface heat transfer coefficient of the millimeter-scale disk with super rotating speed.
In order to ensure the power output,the rotating speed of the rotor system needs up to a million revolutions per minute in ultra-micro turbine engine on account of the millimeter-scale rotor system.It is difficult to measure the surface heat transfer coefficient of the millimeter-scale disk with super rotating speed because it is impossible to arrange thermocouples or heat flux meters.A transient method based on lumped parameter method is introduced to measure the surface heat transfer coefficient for a millimeter-scale rotating disk.The temperature of the rotating disk at different times is obtained using the infrared temperature measurement technique,and then the surface heat transfer coefficient is obtained by the lumped parameter method of transient heat conduction.The error between the experimental results and the theoretical solutions decreases with the increasing rotating Reynolds number,and the max error is less than 13%.The results show that the method is feasible in measuring the surface heat transfer coefficient of the millimeter-scale disk with super rotating speed.
引文
[1]Epstein A H.Millimeter-Scale MEMS Gas Turbine Engines[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2004,126(2):205-226.
[2]曹玉璋,陶智,徐国强,等.航空发动机传热学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[3]Kreith F,Doughman E,Kozlowski H.Mass and Heat Transfer from an Enclosed Rotating Disk with and without Sourceflow[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1963,85(3):153-163.
[4]曹玉璋,苗亚兰.涡轮盘传热-传质模拟实验研究的探讨[C].重庆:中国航空学会第七届燃烧与传热学术讨论会,1990.
[5]曹玉璋,林宇震,冯华仲,等.空气冷却旋转盘的萘升华传热-传质模拟实验研究[J].航空动力学报,1993,8(3):283-287.
[6]Owen J M,Haynes C M,Bayley F S.Heat Transfer from an Air-Cooled Rotating Disc[C].London:Proceedings of the Royal Society(A/V336),1974.
[7]Haynes C M,Owen J M.Heat Transfer from a Shrouded Disk System with a Radial Outflow of Coolant[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power,1975,97(1):28-35.
[8]Owen J M.Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Disk Systems[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1994.
[9]Owen J M.Air-Cooled Gas-Turbine Disk:A Review of Recent Research[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1988,9(4).
[10]Qureshi G,Nguyen M H,Saad N R.Heat Transfer Measurement for Rotating Turbine Discs[R].ASME 89-GT-236.
[11]徐国强,曹玉璋,邱绪光.中心进气的旋转盘平均换热特性研究[J].航空动力学报,1994,9(1):27-30.
[12]徐国强,丁水汀,邱绪光,等.具有中心进气的外缘加热旋转盘的局部换热特性研究[J].航空动力学报,1995,10(3):229-232.
[13]徐国强,丁水汀,陶智,等.中心进气旋转盘的冷却效果实验研究[J].热能动力工程,2000,15(3):260-263.
[14]徐国强,陶智,丁水汀,等.高位垂直进气旋转盘流动与换热的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(2):164-168.
[15]徐国强,张笙,罗翔,等.高位垂直进气径向出流旋转盘腔换热的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2006,21(5):820-823.
[16]徐国强,詹治国,丁水汀,等.中心进气和高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘冷却品质比较[J].推进技术,2000,21(5):42-44.(XU Guo-qiang,ZHAN Zhiguo,DING Shui-ting,et al.Comparision of Cooling Effectiveness between Central and High-Positioned Air Inlet Rotor-Stator Disk Systems[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2000,21(5):42-44.)
[17]Bunker R S,Metzger D E,Wittig S.Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities,Part I:Rotor and Stator Cooling with Hub Injection of Coolant[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,1992,114(1):211-220.
[18]Bunker R S,Metzger D E,Wittig S.Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities,Part II:Rotor Cooling with Radial Location Injection of Coolant[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,1992,114(1):221-228.
[19]Newton P J,Yan Y,Stevens N E,et al.Transient Heat Transfer Measurements Using Thermochromic Liquid Crystal,Part 1:An Improved Technique[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2003,24(1):14-22.
[20]Lock G D,Yan Y,Newton P J,et al.Heat Transfer Measurements Using Liquid Crystals in a Preswirl Rotating-Disk System[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2003,127(2):935-944.
[21]Lock G D,Wilson M,Owen J M.Influence of Fluid Dynamics on Heat Transfer in a Pre-Swirl Rotating Disc System[R].ASME GT 2004-53158.
[22]Butler R J,Baughn J W.The Effect of the Thermal Boundary Condition on Transient Method Heat Transfer Measurements on a Flat Plate with a Laminar Boundary Layer[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1996,118(4):831-837.
[23]Jiji L M,Ganatos P.Microscale Flow and Heat Transfer between Rotating Disks[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2010,31(4):702-710.
[24]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Influence of Multiphysical Effects on the Dynamics of High Speed Minirotors,Part I:Theory[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2010,132(3).
[25]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Influence of Multiphysical Effects on the Dynamics of the High Speed Mini Rotors,Part II:Results[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2010,132(3).
[26]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,AndréB D,et al.Design of an Experimental Setup for Testing Multiphysical Effects on High Speed Mini Rotors[J].Jounal of Mechanical Design,2011,133(5):623-635.
[27]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Flow-Induced Instability on High-Speed Mini Rotors in Laminar Flow[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2013,135(2).
[28]张达,罗翔,徐国强,等.转静系盘腔转盘风阻温升实验[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(5):1047-1056.
[29]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[30]余宁,潘健生,顾剑锋,等.瞬态非傅里叶导热效应判据的探讨[J].激光技术,2002,26(2):156-158.
[31]Dorfman L A.Hydrodynamic Resistance and Heat Loss from Rotating Solids[M].Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd Ltd.,1963.
[2]曹玉璋,陶智,徐国强,等.航空发动机传热学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[3]Kreith F,Doughman E,Kozlowski H.Mass and Heat Transfer from an Enclosed Rotating Disk with and without Sourceflow[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1963,85(3):153-163.
[4]曹玉璋,苗亚兰.涡轮盘传热-传质模拟实验研究的探讨[C].重庆:中国航空学会第七届燃烧与传热学术讨论会,1990.
[5]曹玉璋,林宇震,冯华仲,等.空气冷却旋转盘的萘升华传热-传质模拟实验研究[J].航空动力学报,1993,8(3):283-287.
[6]Owen J M,Haynes C M,Bayley F S.Heat Transfer from an Air-Cooled Rotating Disc[C].London:Proceedings of the Royal Society(A/V336),1974.
[7]Haynes C M,Owen J M.Heat Transfer from a Shrouded Disk System with a Radial Outflow of Coolant[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power,1975,97(1):28-35.
[8]Owen J M.Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Disk Systems[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1994.
[9]Owen J M.Air-Cooled Gas-Turbine Disk:A Review of Recent Research[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1988,9(4).
[10]Qureshi G,Nguyen M H,Saad N R.Heat Transfer Measurement for Rotating Turbine Discs[R].ASME 89-GT-236.
[11]徐国强,曹玉璋,邱绪光.中心进气的旋转盘平均换热特性研究[J].航空动力学报,1994,9(1):27-30.
[12]徐国强,丁水汀,邱绪光,等.具有中心进气的外缘加热旋转盘的局部换热特性研究[J].航空动力学报,1995,10(3):229-232.
[13]徐国强,丁水汀,陶智,等.中心进气旋转盘的冷却效果实验研究[J].热能动力工程,2000,15(3):260-263.
[14]徐国强,陶智,丁水汀,等.高位垂直进气旋转盘流动与换热的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2000,15(2):164-168.
[15]徐国强,张笙,罗翔,等.高位垂直进气径向出流旋转盘腔换热的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2006,21(5):820-823.
[16]徐国强,詹治国,丁水汀,等.中心进气和高位垂直进气转静系旋转盘冷却品质比较[J].推进技术,2000,21(5):42-44.(XU Guo-qiang,ZHAN Zhiguo,DING Shui-ting,et al.Comparision of Cooling Effectiveness between Central and High-Positioned Air Inlet Rotor-Stator Disk Systems[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2000,21(5):42-44.)
[17]Bunker R S,Metzger D E,Wittig S.Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities,Part I:Rotor and Stator Cooling with Hub Injection of Coolant[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,1992,114(1):211-220.
[18]Bunker R S,Metzger D E,Wittig S.Local Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities,Part II:Rotor Cooling with Radial Location Injection of Coolant[J].Journal of Turbomachinery,1992,114(1):221-228.
[19]Newton P J,Yan Y,Stevens N E,et al.Transient Heat Transfer Measurements Using Thermochromic Liquid Crystal,Part 1:An Improved Technique[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2003,24(1):14-22.
[20]Lock G D,Yan Y,Newton P J,et al.Heat Transfer Measurements Using Liquid Crystals in a Preswirl Rotating-Disk System[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines&Power,2003,127(2):935-944.
[21]Lock G D,Wilson M,Owen J M.Influence of Fluid Dynamics on Heat Transfer in a Pre-Swirl Rotating Disc System[R].ASME GT 2004-53158.
[22]Butler R J,Baughn J W.The Effect of the Thermal Boundary Condition on Transient Method Heat Transfer Measurements on a Flat Plate with a Laminar Boundary Layer[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1996,118(4):831-837.
[23]Jiji L M,Ganatos P.Microscale Flow and Heat Transfer between Rotating Disks[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2010,31(4):702-710.
[24]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Influence of Multiphysical Effects on the Dynamics of High Speed Minirotors,Part I:Theory[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2010,132(3).
[25]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Influence of Multiphysical Effects on the Dynamics of the High Speed Mini Rotors,Part II:Results[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2010,132(3).
[26]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,AndréB D,et al.Design of an Experimental Setup for Testing Multiphysical Effects on High Speed Mini Rotors[J].Jounal of Mechanical Design,2011,133(5):623-635.
[27]Dikmen E,Hoogt vdP J M,Boer A D,et al.Flow-Induced Instability on High-Speed Mini Rotors in Laminar Flow[J].Journal of Vibration&Acoustics,2013,135(2).
[28]张达,罗翔,徐国强,等.转静系盘腔转盘风阻温升实验[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(5):1047-1056.
[29]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[30]余宁,潘健生,顾剑锋,等.瞬态非傅里叶导热效应判据的探讨[J].激光技术,2002,26(2):156-158.
[31]Dorfman L A.Hydrodynamic Resistance and Heat Loss from Rotating Solids[M].Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd Ltd.,1963.