复合绝缘子风压分布研究及抗风性能检测方法
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摘要
中国西北地区电网中,复合绝缘子的伞裙在强风作用下出现了十分严重的撕裂故障。目前主要用风洞来研究绝缘子伞裙的起振风速、振幅等力学行为,但对其中的物理过程尚缺乏足够的研究。基于有限元仿真工具,对运行于新疆电网的若干型号复合绝缘子进行了建模和流固耦合仿真,研究了绝缘子迎风角度、伞径组合方式、伞径以及风速对伞裙表面风压的影响,并分析了复合绝缘子伞裙在风压作用下的受力和形变。以此为依据,提出了一种绝缘子抗风能力的检测方法,即在伞裙表面施加特定形状的静力载荷,并同时测量伞裙边缘的形变量。对数据进行换算,得到伞裙的单位压强形变后,与风洞实验中测得的起振风速存在良好的对应关系。所得结果可为风区抗风型绝缘子的设计和选型提供参考。
The shed tearing problem of composite insulators under strong wind is very serious in the power grid in Northwest China. Wind tunnel is the main method of researching the insulators' mechanical behaviors such as vibration-starting velocity and amplitude. But there is a shortage of studying on the physical processes in this phenomenon. Based on the finite element simulation tool, several types of composite insulators running in the Xinjiang Grid were modeled and simulated to research the wind pressure on the shed surfaces influenced by anti-wind angle, shed type, shed diameter and wind velocity. The force and the deformation exerted on the shed surfaces were also analyzed. On the basis, a testing method of insulators' anti-wind performance was proposed. Static loads whose shape was calculated were exerted on the surfaces of sheds while at the same time the deformation of the sheds edge was measured. After processing, there was a good correspondence between the deformation and the vibration-starting velocity of each insulator measured in the wind tunnel. The results can be a reference for the design and selection of insulators in strong wind areas.
The shed tearing problem of composite insulators under strong wind is very serious in the power grid in Northwest China. Wind tunnel is the main method of researching the insulators' mechanical behaviors such as vibration-starting velocity and amplitude. But there is a shortage of studying on the physical processes in this phenomenon. Based on the finite element simulation tool, several types of composite insulators running in the Xinjiang Grid were modeled and simulated to research the wind pressure on the shed surfaces influenced by anti-wind angle, shed type, shed diameter and wind velocity. The force and the deformation exerted on the shed surfaces were also analyzed. On the basis, a testing method of insulators' anti-wind performance was proposed. Static loads whose shape was calculated were exerted on the surfaces of sheds while at the same time the deformation of the sheds edge was measured. After processing, there was a good correspondence between the deformation and the vibration-starting velocity of each insulator measured in the wind tunnel. The results can be a reference for the design and selection of insulators in strong wind areas.
引文
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[13]朱正一,贾志东,马国祥,等.强风区750 k V复合绝缘子伞裙破坏机制分析研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(6):947-954.Zhu Zhengyi,Jia Zhidong,Ma Guoxiang,et al.Analysis on fracture failure mechanism of 750 k V composite insulator sheds utilized in a storm-hit region[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(6):947-954(in Chinese).
[14]李庆峰,魏杰,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子耐张串微风振动疲劳特性研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):44-49.Li Qingfeng,Wei Jie,Yin Yu,et al.Research on aeolian vibration caused fatigue properties of strain composite insulator string[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):44-49(in Chinese).
[15]王希林,朱正一,马国祥,等.强风区复合绝缘子伞裙撕裂研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2845-2849.Wang Xilin,Zhu Zhengyi,Ma Guoxiang,et al.Research on shed crack of composite insulators used in strong wind area[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2845-2849(in Chinese).
[16]贾志东,马国祥,朱正一,等.复合绝缘子在强风下的形变及应力集中程度[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):602-607.Jia Zhidong,Ma Guoxiang,Zhu zhengyi,et al.Deformation and stress concentration of composite insulator in strong wind[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):602-607(in Chinese).
[17]朱正一.强风区750 k V复合绝缘子伞裙断裂机理及防风结构研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.Zhu Zhengyi.Research on shed fracture mechanism and anti-wind structure of 750 k V composite insulator in strong wind area[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015(in Chinese).
[2]李红军,赵勇,霍文,等.新疆“百里、三十里风区”铁路沿线设计风速研究[J].干旱区地理,2011(6):941-948.Li Hongjun,Zhao Yong,Huo Wen,et al.Research on Xinjiang designed wind velocity along the railway in“30,100 miles wind zone”[J].Arid Land Geography,2011(6):941-948(in Chinese).
[3]潘新民,祝学范,黄智强,等.新疆百里风区地形与大风的关系[J].气象,2012(2):234-237.Pan Xinmin,Zhu Xuefan,Huang Zhiqiang,et al.The relation between the strong wind region along on hundred kilometer of railway and the topography in Xinjiang[J].Meteorological Monthly,2012(2):234-237(in Chinese).
[4]曹兴,万瑜,陆辉,等.近30a新疆达坂城风区大风特征及其变化规律[J].干旱区研究,2015(1):116-122.Cao Xing,Wan Yu,Lu Hui,et al.The strong wind characteristic and its variation in Xinjiang Dabancheng district from recent 30a[J].Arid Zone Research,2015(1):116-122(in Chinese).
[5]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[M].出版城市:气象出版社,2003:153-158.China Meteorological Administration.Specifications for surface meteorological observation[M].出版城市:China Meteorological Press,2003:153-158(in Chinese).
[6]李耀辉,张存杰,高学杰.西北地区大风日数的时空分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004(6):55-63.Li Yaohui,Zhang Cunjie,Gao Xuejie.The time and space distribution features of the strong wind days in Northwest China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004(6):55-63(in Chinese).
[7]高婧.新疆大风时空变化特征及环流背景研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.Gao Jing.Research on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of strong wind and circulation feature of windy weather in Xinjiang[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010(in Chinese).
[8]齐永立.兰新客专三十里风区施工防风技术[J].中国建材科技,2015(2):241,295.Qi Yongli.Lanzhou passenger dedicated thirty wind zone construction wind technology[J].China Building Materials Science&Technology,2015(2):241,295(in Chinese).
[9]李强.750k V乌鲁木齐~哈密输电线路设计风速分析计算[J].电力勘测设计,2013(4):27-30,36.Li Qiang.Analysis and calculation of design wind speed for 750k V transmission line from Urumqi to Hami[J].Electric Power Survey&Design,2013(4):27-30,36(in Chinese).
[10]孟岩,贾志东,朱正一,等.新疆“三十里风区”输电线路复合绝缘子故障分析[J].环境技术,2013,2(1):19-23.Meng Yan,Jia Zhidong,Zhu Zhengyi,et al.Study on failure of composite insulators used on transmission lines at“San Shi Li wind region”in Xinjiang[J].Environmental Technology,2013,2(1):19-23(in Chinese).
[11]刘宇艳,万志敏,田振辉.橡胶复合材料断裂力学疲劳研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1999,15(6):14-16.Liu Yuyan,Wan Zhimin,Tian Zhenhui.The research progress of rubber composite materials’mechanics of fracture and fatigue[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,1999,15(6):14-16(in Chinese).
[12]田振辉,谭惠丰,谢礼立.橡胶复合材料疲劳破坏特性[J].复合材料学报,2005,22(1):32-35.Tian Zhenhui,Tan Huifeng,Xie Lili.Fatigue damage properties of rubber composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2005,22(1):32-35(in Chinese).
[13]朱正一,贾志东,马国祥,等.强风区750 k V复合绝缘子伞裙破坏机制分析研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(6):947-954.Zhu Zhengyi,Jia Zhidong,Ma Guoxiang,et al.Analysis on fracture failure mechanism of 750 k V composite insulator sheds utilized in a storm-hit region[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(6):947-954(in Chinese).
[14]李庆峰,魏杰,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子耐张串微风振动疲劳特性研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):44-49.Li Qingfeng,Wei Jie,Yin Yu,et al.Research on aeolian vibration caused fatigue properties of strain composite insulator string[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):44-49(in Chinese).
[15]王希林,朱正一,马国祥,等.强风区复合绝缘子伞裙撕裂研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2845-2849.Wang Xilin,Zhu Zhengyi,Ma Guoxiang,et al.Research on shed crack of composite insulators used in strong wind area[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2845-2849(in Chinese).
[16]贾志东,马国祥,朱正一,等.复合绝缘子在强风下的形变及应力集中程度[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):602-607.Jia Zhidong,Ma Guoxiang,Zhu zhengyi,et al.Deformation and stress concentration of composite insulator in strong wind[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):602-607(in Chinese).
[17]朱正一.强风区750 k V复合绝缘子伞裙断裂机理及防风结构研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.Zhu Zhengyi.Research on shed fracture mechanism and anti-wind structure of 750 k V composite insulator in strong wind area[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015(in Chinese).