温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率和同化率的影响
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摘要
为探明钝缀锦蛤的摄食生理,以北海近海人工中间培育和养殖的钝缀锦蛤为试验材料,室内条件下采用试验生态法研究温度、盐度和体质量对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响。试验结果表明,在温度17～33℃条件下,滤食率随温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,滤食率(y)与水温(x)之间的回归方程为y=-4.338×10~(-3) x~3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999),同化率随着温度的升高而增大,温度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);在盐度18～33条件下,滤食率随盐度的升高呈先增后降的趋势,盐度27～30时保持较高的滤食率,滤食率(y)与盐度(x)之间的回归方程为y=-0.027x~2+1.638x-19.52(r~2=0.994),同化率随盐度的升高而增大,盐度为30时同化率最高,盐度对同化率的影响显著(P<0.01);滤食率随体质量增加而降低,体质量对同化率影响不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,钝缀锦蛤属典型热带和亚热带种群品种,适宜生活在温度和盐度较稳定的潮下带区域,非广温广盐性贝类。
The effects of temperature,salinity and body weight on filtration rate and assimilation rate were studied in clamTapes dorsatus held and cultured in Beihai coastal waters in a laboratory using experimental ecological methods to understand the feeding physiology of the clam.The filtration rate was shown to be increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature from 17℃to 33℃,with the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and temperature(x)as y=-4.338×10-3 x~3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999).The assimilation rate was found to be increased with warming temperature,temperature affecting on the assimilation rate significantly(P<0.01),the filtration rate was increased first and then decreased with increase in salinity from 18 to 33,high filtration rate at a salinity of 27—30,the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and salinity(x)as y=-0.027x~2+1.638x-19.52(r~2=0.994).The assimilation rate was increased with increase in salinity,and salinity affected the assimilation rate very significantly(P<0.01),with the maximum at salinity 30.The filtration rate was decreased with increase in body weight which had no significant effect on the assimilation rate(P>0.05).In conclusion,T.dorsatus as a typical tropical and subtropical clam,not an euryhaline and eurythermic shellfish,is adaptable for live in subtidal zone with stable temperature and salinity.
The effects of temperature,salinity and body weight on filtration rate and assimilation rate were studied in clamTapes dorsatus held and cultured in Beihai coastal waters in a laboratory using experimental ecological methods to understand the feeding physiology of the clam.The filtration rate was shown to be increased first and then decreased with increasing temperature from 17℃to 33℃,with the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and temperature(x)as y=-4.338×10-3 x~3+0.311x2-6.915x+49(r2=0.999).The assimilation rate was found to be increased with warming temperature,temperature affecting on the assimilation rate significantly(P<0.01),the filtration rate was increased first and then decreased with increase in salinity from 18 to 33,high filtration rate at a salinity of 27—30,the regression equation between filtration rate(y)and salinity(x)as y=-0.027x~2+1.638x-19.52(r~2=0.994).The assimilation rate was increased with increase in salinity,and salinity affected the assimilation rate very significantly(P<0.01),with the maximum at salinity 30.The filtration rate was decreased with increase in body weight which had no significant effect on the assimilation rate(P>0.05).In conclusion,T.dorsatus as a typical tropical and subtropical clam,not an euryhaline and eurythermic shellfish,is adaptable for live in subtidal zone with stable temperature and salinity.
引文
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[18]冀德伟,陈琛,李婷婷,等.盐度胁迫对泥蚶能量代谢的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):504-509.
[19]姜北,董颖,高杉,等.大竹蛏幼贝滤水率的响应面法分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(4):313-320.
[20]徐钢春,顾若波,闻海波,等.温度、体重和饵料密度对河蚬滤食率与同化率的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):151-156.
[21]董波,薛钦昭,李军.温度对菲律宾蛤仔滤食率、清滤率和吸收率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2000,21(1):37-41.
[22]张涛.双壳贝类同化率研究进展[J].海洋科学,1998,22(4):46-50.
[23]余祥勇,刘永,冯奕成,等.低盐度海水对企鹅珍珠贝存活的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(4):22-26.
[24]栗志民,刘志刚,邓海东.温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(1):96-103.
[25]潘鲁青,范德朋,马甡,等.环境因子对缢蛏滤水率的影响[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):226-230.
[26]王俊,姜祖辉,张波,等.菲律宾蛤仔生理生态学研究Ⅱ:温度、饵料对同化率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,1999,20(2):42-47.
[27]Hawkins A J S,Bayne B L.Seasonal variation in the balance between physiology mechanisms of feeding and digestion in Mytilus edulis[J].Mar Biol,1984,82(3):233-240.
[2]郭海燕,王昭萍,于瑞海,等.饵料密度、温度和体质量对大西洋浪蛤滤水率的影响[J].海洋科学,2005,29(8):1-3.
[3]杨文,蔡英亚,邝雪梅,等.中国南海经济贝类原色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:232-233.
[4]庄启谦.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:63-64.
[5]黄洋,杜涛,杨世平.钝缀锦蛤生态习性的初步研究[J].水产科学,2008,27(4):175-178.
[6]陈军,李琪,孔令锋,等.基于COⅠ序列的DNA条形码在中国沿海缀锦蛤亚科贝类中的应用分析[J].动物学研究,2010,31(4):345-352.
[7]程汉良,周曼纯,陈冬勤,等.基于16SrDNA序列的帘蛤科贝类分子系统发育研究[J].水产科学,2012,31(11):657-662.
[8]巫旗生,文宇,曾志南,等.钝缀锦蛤繁殖周期和胚胎发育[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):488-496.
[9] Kraeuter J N,Castagna M.Biology of the hard clam[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science B V,2001:178.
[10]王国栋,张丽莉,常亚青.饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响[J].水产科学,2008,27(10):527-529.
[11]曹善茂,梁伟锋,汪健,等.岩扇贝幼贝滤食率的基础研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(6):612-617.
[12]Conover R J.Assimilation of organic matter by zooplankton[J].Limnol Oceanogr,1966,11(3):338-345.
[13]董波,薛钦昭,李军.滤食性贝类摄食生理的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2000,24(7):31-34.
[14]杨晓新,林小涛,计新丽,等.温度、盐度和光照条件对翡翠贻贝清滤率的影响[J].海洋科学,2000,24(6):36-38.
[15]Bayne B L.The physiology of suspension feeding bivalve molluscs:an introduction to the Plymouth“TROPHEE”workshop[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1998,219(1):1-19.
[16]Davenport J,Fletcher J S.The effects of simulated estuarine mantle cavity conditions upon the activity of the frontal gill of Mytilus edulis[J].J Mar Biol Ass U K,1978,58(3):671-681.
[17]张媛,方建光,毛玉泽,等.水温、盐度和饵料密度对橄榄蚶滤水率的影响[J].海洋科学,2015,39(9):39-43.
[18]冀德伟,陈琛,李婷婷,等.盐度胁迫对泥蚶能量代谢的影响[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):504-509.
[19]姜北,董颖,高杉,等.大竹蛏幼贝滤水率的响应面法分析[J].水产科学,2016,35(4):313-320.
[20]徐钢春,顾若波,闻海波,等.温度、体重和饵料密度对河蚬滤食率与同化率的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):151-156.
[21]董波,薛钦昭,李军.温度对菲律宾蛤仔滤食率、清滤率和吸收率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2000,21(1):37-41.
[22]张涛.双壳贝类同化率研究进展[J].海洋科学,1998,22(4):46-50.
[23]余祥勇,刘永,冯奕成,等.低盐度海水对企鹅珍珠贝存活的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(4):22-26.
[24]栗志民,刘志刚,邓海东.温度和盐度对企鹅珍珠贝清滤率、滤食率、吸收率的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(1):96-103.
[25]潘鲁青,范德朋,马甡,等.环境因子对缢蛏滤水率的影响[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):226-230.
[26]王俊,姜祖辉,张波,等.菲律宾蛤仔生理生态学研究Ⅱ:温度、饵料对同化率的影响[J].海洋水产研究,1999,20(2):42-47.
[27]Hawkins A J S,Bayne B L.Seasonal variation in the balance between physiology mechanisms of feeding and digestion in Mytilus edulis[J].Mar Biol,1984,82(3):233-240.