机会共创行为对社会企业成长的影响研究——企业资源的调节作用
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摘要
基于社会企业实证研究的薄弱现状以及中国社会企业发展刚刚起步的实践,本文采用机会共创的观点,构建了机会共创行为与社会企业成长关系的理论逻辑,并考察了企业资源对两者关系的影响。基于中国社会企业问卷调查的数据,运用多元线性回归方法,实证检验了机会共创行为对社会企业成长的影响以及企业资源对两者关系的调节作用。研究表明,社会企业与客户的机会共创行为对社会企业成长具有显著的正向影响,但社会企业与投资者的机会共创行为对社会企业成长并没有直接正向影响。进一步发现,企业资源对社会企业与投资者的机会共创行为和企业成长的关系具有负向调节作用。
Based on the weak status quo of social ventures' empirical research and the emerging practice of social ventures in China,it drew on the theoretical perspective of opportunity co-creation to construct a theoretical logic on the relationship between opportunity co-creation behaviors and social enterprises' growth,and furthermore analysed the impact of firm resources on such relationship.Based on the questionnaire survey data in China,the multivariate linear regression method was employed to empirically examine the impact of opportunity co-creation behaviors on the growth of social enterprises and the moderation effect of firm resources on the relationship between them.The results show that opportunity co-creation behavior between social ventures and their customers has a significantly positive impact on the growth of social enterprises,but opportunity co-creation behavior between social enterprises and their investors has no positive effect on the growth of social enterprises.Furthermore,firm resources has a negative moderation effect on the relationship between opportunity co-creation behaviors(between social enterprises and investors) and social enterprises' growth.
Based on the weak status quo of social ventures' empirical research and the emerging practice of social ventures in China,it drew on the theoretical perspective of opportunity co-creation to construct a theoretical logic on the relationship between opportunity co-creation behaviors and social enterprises' growth,and furthermore analysed the impact of firm resources on such relationship.Based on the questionnaire survey data in China,the multivariate linear regression method was employed to empirically examine the impact of opportunity co-creation behaviors on the growth of social enterprises and the moderation effect of firm resources on the relationship between them.The results show that opportunity co-creation behavior between social ventures and their customers has a significantly positive impact on the growth of social enterprises,but opportunity co-creation behavior between social enterprises and their investors has no positive effect on the growth of social enterprises.Furthermore,firm resources has a negative moderation effect on the relationship between opportunity co-creation behaviors(between social enterprises and investors) and social enterprises' growth.
引文
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[2]刘振,崔连广,杨俊,等.制度逻辑、合法性机制与社会企业成长[J].管理学报,2015,12(4):565-575.
[3]余晓敏,张强,赖佐夫.国际比较视野下的中国社会企业[J].经济社会体制比较,2011(1):157-165.
[4]余晓敏,丁开杰.社会企业发展路径:国际比较及中国经验[J].中国行政管理,2011(8):61-65.
[5]刘志阳,庄欣荷.社会创业定量研究:文献综述与研究框架[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):123-135.
[6]DACIN M T,DACIN P A,TRACEY P.Social entrepreneurship:a critique and future directions[J].Organization Science,2011,22(5):1203-1213.
[7]SHORT J C,MOSS T W,LUMPKIN G T.Research in social entrepreneurship:past contributions and future opportunities[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2010,3(2):161-194.
[8]刘振,乐国林,李志刚.双重驱动因素与社会企业成长绩效---市场合法化的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(9):114-128.
[9]赵萌,郭欣楠.中国社会企业的界定框架---从二元分析视角到元素组合视角[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):136-147.
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[11]THOMAS A.The rise of social cooperatives in Italy[J].Voluntas:International Journal of Voluntary&Nonprofit Organizations,2004,15(3):243-264.
[12]MAIR J,MARTI I.Social entrepreneurship research:a source of explanation,prediction,and delight[J].Journal of World Business,2006,41(1):36-44.
[13]AUSTIN J,STEVENSON H,WEI‐SKILLERN J.Social and commercial entrepreneurship:same,different,or both?[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2006,30(1):1-22.
[14]MOSS T W,SHORT J C,PAYNE G T,et al.Dual identities in social ventures:an exploratory study[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(4):805-830.
[15]DORADO S.Social entrepreneurial ventures:different values so different process of creation,no?[J].Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2006,11(4):319-343.
[16]BROOKS A C.Social entrepreneurship:a modern approach to social value creation[M].New Jersey:Pearson Prentice Hall,2008.
[17]HYNES B.Growing the social enterprise-issues and challenges[J].Social Enterprise Journal,2009,5(2):114-125.
[18]PLESS N M.Social entrepreneurship in theory and practice-an introduction[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2012,111(3):317-320.
[19]赵萌.社会企业战略:英国政府经验及其对中国的启示[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(4):135-141.
[20]PRAHALAD C K,RAMASWAMY V.Co‐creating unique value with customers[J].Strategy and Leadership,2004,32(3):4-9.
[21]PRAHALAD C K,RAMASWAMY V.Co‐creation experiences:the next practice in value creation[J].Journal of Interactive Marketing,2004,18(3):5-14.
[22]PAYNE A F,STORBACKA K,FROW P.Managing the co-creation of value[J].Journal of the Academy Marketing Science,2008,36(1):83-96.
[23]SUN S-L,IM J-Y.Cutting microfinance interest rates:an opportunity co-creation perspective[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2015,39(1):101-128.
[24]YUNUS M.Creating a world without poverty:social business and the future of capitalism[M].New York:Public Affairs,2007.
[25]LUK C L,YAU O H M,TSE A C B,et al.Stakeholder orientation and business performance:the case of service companies in China[J].Journal of International Marketing,2005,13(1):89-110.
[26]CHIASSON M,SAUNDERS C.Reconciling diverse approaches to opportunity research using the structuration theory[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2005,20(6):747-767.
[27]ROBINSON J.Navigating social and institutional barriers to markets:how social entrepreneurs identify and evaluate opportunities[C]//MAIR J,ROBINSON A J,HOCKERTS K,et al.Social entrepreneurship.New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006.
[28]BARNEY J B.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,17(1):99-120.
[29]林嵩,张帏,林强.高科技创业企业资源整合模式研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,26(3):143-147.
[30]蔡莉,尹苗苗,柳青.生存型和机会型创新初始资源充裕程度比较研究[J].吉林工商学院学报,2008,24(1):36-41.
[31]STEVENS R,MORAY N,BRUNEEL J,et al.Attention allocation to multiple goals:the case of for-profit social enterprise[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(7):1006-1016.
[32]ADLER P S,KWON S W.Social capital:prospects for a new concept[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27(1):17-40.
[33]李维安.公司科学发展战略观:要适应两个“上帝”[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2):1.
[34]DEES J G.Taking social entrepreneurship seriously[J].Society,2007,44(3):24-31.
[35]ALVAREZ S A,BARNEY J B.Entrepr eneurial opportunities and poverty alleviation[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2014,38(1):159-184.
[36]TIMMONS J A.New venture creation[M].Singapore:Mc‐Graw‐Hill,1999.
[37]NICHOLAS D,SARASVATHY S.Innovations,stakeholders&entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2007,74(3):267-283.
[38]朱晓红,陈寒松,张玉利.异质性资源、创业机会与创业绩效关系研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(9):1358-1365.
[39]JOHNSON M W,CHRISTENSEN C,KAGERMANN H.Reinventing your business model[J].Harvard Business Review,2008,35(12):57-68.
[40]SHAW E,CARTER S.Social entrepreneurship:theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,2007,14(3):418-434.
[41]杨俊,张玉利,杨晓非,等.关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效---基于行为视角的实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2009,12(4):44-54.
[42]DEES J G.Enterprising nonprofits[J].Harvard Business Review,1998,76(1):54-69.
[43]谢家平,刘鲁浩,梁玲.社会企业:发展异质性、现状定位及商业模式创新[J].经济管理,2016,38(4):190-199.
[44]舒博.社会企业的崛起及在中国的发展[D].天津:南开大学,2010.
[45]MURPHY G B,TRAILER J W,HILL R C.Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research[J].Journal of Business Research,1996,36(1):15-23.
[46]BARTCZAK L.Supporting nonprofit capacity:three principles for grantmakers[EB/OL].(2013-12-29)[2016-03-23].https://nonprofitquarterly.org/philanthropy/23454-supporting-nonprofit-capacity-threeprinciples-for-grantm-akers.html.
[47]ALVAREZA S A,BUSENITZH L W.The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory[J].Journal of Management,2001,27(6):755-775.
[48]林嵩,刘小元.创业活动活跃程度的先决变量:创业情境的视角[J].管理评论,2012,25(8):64-76.
[49]POTTER M E.Competitive strategy:techniques for analyzing industries and competitors[M].New York:Free Press,1980.
[50]MENG Rujing,NING Xiangdong,ZHOU Xianming,et al.Do ESOPs enhance firm performance?Evidence from China's reform experiment[J].Journal of Banking&Finance,2011,35(6):1541-1551.
[51]陈国权,王晓辉.组织学习与组织绩效:环境动态性的调节作用[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(1):52-59.
[52]REA L M,PARKER R A.Design and conducting survey research:a comprehensive guide[M].San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers,1992.
(1)采取两步判断社会企业:直接询问企业性质和经营范围;查看营业执照中的企业性质和经营范围。
[2]刘振,崔连广,杨俊,等.制度逻辑、合法性机制与社会企业成长[J].管理学报,2015,12(4):565-575.
[3]余晓敏,张强,赖佐夫.国际比较视野下的中国社会企业[J].经济社会体制比较,2011(1):157-165.
[4]余晓敏,丁开杰.社会企业发展路径:国际比较及中国经验[J].中国行政管理,2011(8):61-65.
[5]刘志阳,庄欣荷.社会创业定量研究:文献综述与研究框架[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):123-135.
[6]DACIN M T,DACIN P A,TRACEY P.Social entrepreneurship:a critique and future directions[J].Organization Science,2011,22(5):1203-1213.
[7]SHORT J C,MOSS T W,LUMPKIN G T.Research in social entrepreneurship:past contributions and future opportunities[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2010,3(2):161-194.
[8]刘振,乐国林,李志刚.双重驱动因素与社会企业成长绩效---市场合法化的中介作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(9):114-128.
[9]赵萌,郭欣楠.中国社会企业的界定框架---从二元分析视角到元素组合视角[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(2):136-147.
[10]DEES G.New definitions of social entrepreneurship:free eye exams and wheelchair[J].Nature,2003:1-4.
[11]THOMAS A.The rise of social cooperatives in Italy[J].Voluntas:International Journal of Voluntary&Nonprofit Organizations,2004,15(3):243-264.
[12]MAIR J,MARTI I.Social entrepreneurship research:a source of explanation,prediction,and delight[J].Journal of World Business,2006,41(1):36-44.
[13]AUSTIN J,STEVENSON H,WEI‐SKILLERN J.Social and commercial entrepreneurship:same,different,or both?[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2006,30(1):1-22.
[14]MOSS T W,SHORT J C,PAYNE G T,et al.Dual identities in social ventures:an exploratory study[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(4):805-830.
[15]DORADO S.Social entrepreneurial ventures:different values so different process of creation,no?[J].Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship,2006,11(4):319-343.
[16]BROOKS A C.Social entrepreneurship:a modern approach to social value creation[M].New Jersey:Pearson Prentice Hall,2008.
[17]HYNES B.Growing the social enterprise-issues and challenges[J].Social Enterprise Journal,2009,5(2):114-125.
[18]PLESS N M.Social entrepreneurship in theory and practice-an introduction[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2012,111(3):317-320.
[19]赵萌.社会企业战略:英国政府经验及其对中国的启示[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(4):135-141.
[20]PRAHALAD C K,RAMASWAMY V.Co‐creating unique value with customers[J].Strategy and Leadership,2004,32(3):4-9.
[21]PRAHALAD C K,RAMASWAMY V.Co‐creation experiences:the next practice in value creation[J].Journal of Interactive Marketing,2004,18(3):5-14.
[22]PAYNE A F,STORBACKA K,FROW P.Managing the co-creation of value[J].Journal of the Academy Marketing Science,2008,36(1):83-96.
[23]SUN S-L,IM J-Y.Cutting microfinance interest rates:an opportunity co-creation perspective[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2015,39(1):101-128.
[24]YUNUS M.Creating a world without poverty:social business and the future of capitalism[M].New York:Public Affairs,2007.
[25]LUK C L,YAU O H M,TSE A C B,et al.Stakeholder orientation and business performance:the case of service companies in China[J].Journal of International Marketing,2005,13(1):89-110.
[26]CHIASSON M,SAUNDERS C.Reconciling diverse approaches to opportunity research using the structuration theory[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2005,20(6):747-767.
[27]ROBINSON J.Navigating social and institutional barriers to markets:how social entrepreneurs identify and evaluate opportunities[C]//MAIR J,ROBINSON A J,HOCKERTS K,et al.Social entrepreneurship.New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2006.
[28]BARNEY J B.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,17(1):99-120.
[29]林嵩,张帏,林强.高科技创业企业资源整合模式研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,26(3):143-147.
[30]蔡莉,尹苗苗,柳青.生存型和机会型创新初始资源充裕程度比较研究[J].吉林工商学院学报,2008,24(1):36-41.
[31]STEVENS R,MORAY N,BRUNEEL J,et al.Attention allocation to multiple goals:the case of for-profit social enterprise[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(7):1006-1016.
[32]ADLER P S,KWON S W.Social capital:prospects for a new concept[J].Academy of Management Review,2002,27(1):17-40.
[33]李维安.公司科学发展战略观:要适应两个“上帝”[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2):1.
[34]DEES J G.Taking social entrepreneurship seriously[J].Society,2007,44(3):24-31.
[35]ALVAREZ S A,BARNEY J B.Entrepr eneurial opportunities and poverty alleviation[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2014,38(1):159-184.
[36]TIMMONS J A.New venture creation[M].Singapore:Mc‐Graw‐Hill,1999.
[37]NICHOLAS D,SARASVATHY S.Innovations,stakeholders&entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2007,74(3):267-283.
[38]朱晓红,陈寒松,张玉利.异质性资源、创业机会与创业绩效关系研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(9):1358-1365.
[39]JOHNSON M W,CHRISTENSEN C,KAGERMANN H.Reinventing your business model[J].Harvard Business Review,2008,35(12):57-68.
[40]SHAW E,CARTER S.Social entrepreneurship:theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,2007,14(3):418-434.
[41]杨俊,张玉利,杨晓非,等.关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效---基于行为视角的实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2009,12(4):44-54.
[42]DEES J G.Enterprising nonprofits[J].Harvard Business Review,1998,76(1):54-69.
[43]谢家平,刘鲁浩,梁玲.社会企业:发展异质性、现状定位及商业模式创新[J].经济管理,2016,38(4):190-199.
[44]舒博.社会企业的崛起及在中国的发展[D].天津:南开大学,2010.
[45]MURPHY G B,TRAILER J W,HILL R C.Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research[J].Journal of Business Research,1996,36(1):15-23.
[46]BARTCZAK L.Supporting nonprofit capacity:three principles for grantmakers[EB/OL].(2013-12-29)[2016-03-23].https://nonprofitquarterly.org/philanthropy/23454-supporting-nonprofit-capacity-threeprinciples-for-grantm-akers.html.
[47]ALVAREZA S A,BUSENITZH L W.The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory[J].Journal of Management,2001,27(6):755-775.
[48]林嵩,刘小元.创业活动活跃程度的先决变量:创业情境的视角[J].管理评论,2012,25(8):64-76.
[49]POTTER M E.Competitive strategy:techniques for analyzing industries and competitors[M].New York:Free Press,1980.
[50]MENG Rujing,NING Xiangdong,ZHOU Xianming,et al.Do ESOPs enhance firm performance?Evidence from China's reform experiment[J].Journal of Banking&Finance,2011,35(6):1541-1551.
[51]陈国权,王晓辉.组织学习与组织绩效:环境动态性的调节作用[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(1):52-59.
[52]REA L M,PARKER R A.Design and conducting survey research:a comprehensive guide[M].San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers,1992.
(1)采取两步判断社会企业:直接询问企业性质和经营范围;查看营业执照中的企业性质和经营范围。