真空氮气雾化法制备3D打印Cu6AlNiSnInCe仿金粉末及表征
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摘要
采用真空氮气雾化技术制备出一种自主设计优化成分的Cu6AlNiSnInCe 3D打印仿金粉末,采用分光光度计、扫描电镜、激光粒度仪、激光粒形仪、差热分析仪等,对粉末的色度、形貌、粒度分布及显微组织等进行表征,并研究其激光选区熔化成形试样的性能。结果表明:Cu6AlNiSnInCe仿金粉末色度与纯金色度的色差ΔE为28.9;80%(体积分数)粉末的圆度拟合率达到85%,60%粉末的钝度拟合率达到70%,粉末形貌为球形或近球形;粉末流动性为16 s/50g,松装密度4.39 g/cm3,振实密度4.67 g/cm3;平均含氧量0.02%;粒径在15～53μm间的粉末单次收得率达40%;粉末组织结构由胞状晶和树枝晶组成,其显微组织为α-Cu固溶体基体和沿晶界分布的富Sn相。随激光功率增加或扫描速度减小,激光选区熔化成形的Cu6AlNiSnInCe合金相对密度增大,最高达到89.6%。
A novel Cu6AlNiSnInCe imitation-gold powder for 3D printing was fabricated by vacuum gas atomization.And its color,morphology,particle size distribution and microstructure were characterized by using spectrophotometer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),laser particle size analyzer,laser particle shape analyzer and DTA.The formability of specimens was also studied in selective laser melting(SLM).The results show that the color difference ΔE between Cu6AlNiSnInCe powder and pure gold is 28.9;the 80%(volume fraction) of the powder roundness fitting rate up to 85%,the 60% of the powder bluntness fitting rate up to 70%,and the shape of the powder particles are spherical or nearly spherical,the fluidity of powder is 16 s/50 g,apparent density is 4.39 g/cm3,tap-density is 4.67 g/cm3,average oxygen content is 0.01%.The yield of powder with particle size between 15 and 53 μm is 40%.The microstructure of the powders is composed of cellular and dendritic grains,which is a matrix of α-Cu solid solution and a Sn-rich phase distributed along grain boundaries.The relative density of Cu6AlNiSnInCe alloy formed by Selective laser melting(SLM)increases with increasing laser power or decreasing laser scanning speed,and the maximum relative density reaches 89.6%.
A novel Cu6AlNiSnInCe imitation-gold powder for 3D printing was fabricated by vacuum gas atomization.And its color,morphology,particle size distribution and microstructure were characterized by using spectrophotometer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),laser particle size analyzer,laser particle shape analyzer and DTA.The formability of specimens was also studied in selective laser melting(SLM).The results show that the color difference ΔE between Cu6AlNiSnInCe powder and pure gold is 28.9;the 80%(volume fraction) of the powder roundness fitting rate up to 85%,the 60% of the powder bluntness fitting rate up to 70%,and the shape of the powder particles are spherical or nearly spherical,the fluidity of powder is 16 s/50 g,apparent density is 4.39 g/cm3,tap-density is 4.67 g/cm3,average oxygen content is 0.01%.The yield of powder with particle size between 15 and 53 μm is 40%.The microstructure of the powders is composed of cellular and dendritic grains,which is a matrix of α-Cu solid solution and a Sn-rich phase distributed along grain boundaries.The relative density of Cu6AlNiSnInCe alloy formed by Selective laser melting(SLM)increases with increasing laser power or decreasing laser scanning speed,and the maximum relative density reaches 89.6%.
引文
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[3]TAMEMASA H.Quantitative control over the colour of gold alloys[J].Precious Metals,1983,19(83):323-349.
[4]卢秉恒,李涤尘.增材制造(3D打印)技术发展[J].机械制造与自动化,2013,42(4):1-4.LU Bingheng,LI Dichen.Development of additive manufacturing(3D printing)technology[J].Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation,2013,42(4):1-4
[5]QIAN M.Metal powder for additive manufacturing[J].Jom,2015,67(3):536-537.
[6]陈丽娟.微量元素对黄铜基仿金合金色度的研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013:4-7.CHEN Lijuan.Study on the chromaticity of brass based gold alloy by trace elements[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013:4-7.
[7]楚广,杨天足,楚盛,等.新型仿24 K金稀土铜合金粉的研制[J].有色金属,2006,58(1):53-55.CHU Guang,YANG Tianzu,CHU Sheng,et al.Development of novel 24K gold rare earth copper alloy powder[J].Nonferrous Metals,2006,58(1):53-55.
[8]LAGUTKIN S,ACHELIS L,SHEIKHALIEV S,et al.Atomization process for metal powder[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2004,383(1):1-6.
[9]张玉平,张津徐,吴建生.纯金属颜色的定量计算[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(5):1206-1210.ZHANG Yuping,ZHANG Jinxu,WU Jiansheng.Quantitative calculation of pure metal color[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2003,13(5):1206-1210.
[10]王碧文,王世民.仿金铜合金的研制与应用[J].材料科学与工艺,1998(3):69-72.WANG Biwen,WANG Shimin.Development and application of imitation gold-copper alloy[J].Materials Science and Technology,1998(3):69-72.
[11]BULLARD J W,GARBOCZI E J.Defining shape measures for3D star-shaped particles:Sphericity,roundness,and dimensions[J].Powder Technology,2013,249(11):241-252.
[12]C,LINGEN E V D.Coloured gold alloys[J].Gold Bulletin,1999,32(4):115-126.
[13]董志宏,亢红伟,谢玉江,等.O含量对激光增材制造12CrNi2合金钢组织结构及力学性能的影响[J].应用激光,2018,38(1):1-5.DONG Zhihong,KANG Hongwei,XIE Yujiang,et al.Effect of O content on microstructure and mechanical properties of12CrNi2 alloy steels manufactured by laser augmentation[J].Applied laser,2018,38(1):1-5.
[14]CAI Z,ZHANG C,WANG R,et al.Effect of solidification rate on the coarsening behavior of precipitate in rapidly solidified Al-Si alloy[J].Progress in Natural Science Materials International,2016,26(4):391-397.
[15]SCUDINO S,UNTERD RFER C,PRASHANTH K G,et al.Additive manufacturing of Cu-10Sn bronze[J].Materials Letters,2015,15(6):202-204.
[16]MAO Z,ZHANG D Z,JIANG J,et al.Processing optimisation,mechanical properties and microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Cu-15Sn high-tin bronze[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018,7(21):125-134.
[17]SIMCHI A.Direct laser sintering of metal powders:Mechanism,kinetics and microstructural features[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2006,428(1):148-158.