絮凝沉淀-人工湿地-地下水回灌系统水质处理试验研究
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摘要
为探讨德阳市絮凝沉淀-人工湿地-地下水回灌系统运行各阶段的水质处理效果与开采供水的可行性,开展了水质分析、絮凝沉淀试验、人工湿地水处理试验、入渗试验、抽水试验、数值模拟等多项前期试验与分析。试验结果显示,绵远河水的浊度、氨氮(NH+4-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)、总大肠杆菌、细菌总数指标是系统重点处理的水质指标,研究场地内地下水质量总体良好;絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)的最佳投加量为5. 3 mg/L[以三氧化二铝(Al2O3)计],沉淀时间不小于1. 5 h;单个入渗池运行时理论入渗量可达13 574. 4 m3/d;三口开采井的开采量可达3 960 m3/d;数值模拟结果显示入渗水从入渗补给池到开采井含水层有充足的时间杀灭病菌和病毒,开采井地下水的主要补给来源是入渗池的垂向入渗补给量。综合研究表明,系统运行水质主要控制指标理论上均可达到设计回灌水质要求,供水量可满足设计要求,对地下水环境造成影响较小,系统运行在技术上是可行的,但需要持续开采地下水;试验结果为校正地下水数值模型、系统的改进、系统全面运行提供了重要的参考。
A number of preliminary tests,such as water sampling,flocculation and precipitation test,wetland water treatment test,infiltration test,pumping test and groundwater numerical simulation,are applied to analyze the water treatment effect of each stage and water supply feasibility of the wetland-artificial groundwater recharge system. Test results show that,the turbidity,ammonia nitrogen( NH+4-N),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total coliform group and total number of bacteria are the key indices which are needed to be treated. Groundwater quality in the research field in good. The appropriate flocculant dosage of poly aluminum chloride( PAC) is 5. 3 mg/L [measrued by aluminum oxide( Al2 O3) ],precipitation time is not less than 1. 5 h. The infiltration capacity of single infitration pond can reach 13 574. 4 m3/d. The total discharge of three wells can reach 3 960 m3/d. Numerical simulation results show that there are enough time to kill pathogens and viruses in the water which is from infiltration pond to mining well. The main source of groundwater recharge in the mining wells is the vertical infiltration recharge from the infiltration pond. Comprehensive studies shows that the main control indices of the water quality,theoretically,can meet the design artificial recharge requirements afer treatment,and the groundwater yield of wells can meet the design requirements. Small impact on groundwater environment is caused by the system operation,and the operation of the system is technically feasible,but groundwater needs to be continuously exploited. The test results provide an important reference for the correction of numerical model of groundwater,the improvement of the recharge system and the overall operation of the system.
A number of preliminary tests,such as water sampling,flocculation and precipitation test,wetland water treatment test,infiltration test,pumping test and groundwater numerical simulation,are applied to analyze the water treatment effect of each stage and water supply feasibility of the wetland-artificial groundwater recharge system. Test results show that,the turbidity,ammonia nitrogen( NH+4-N),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total coliform group and total number of bacteria are the key indices which are needed to be treated. Groundwater quality in the research field in good. The appropriate flocculant dosage of poly aluminum chloride( PAC) is 5. 3 mg/L [measrued by aluminum oxide( Al2 O3) ],precipitation time is not less than 1. 5 h. The infiltration capacity of single infitration pond can reach 13 574. 4 m3/d. The total discharge of three wells can reach 3 960 m3/d. Numerical simulation results show that there are enough time to kill pathogens and viruses in the water which is from infiltration pond to mining well. The main source of groundwater recharge in the mining wells is the vertical infiltration recharge from the infiltration pond. Comprehensive studies shows that the main control indices of the water quality,theoretically,can meet the design artificial recharge requirements afer treatment,and the groundwater yield of wells can meet the design requirements. Small impact on groundwater environment is caused by the system operation,and the operation of the system is technically feasible,but groundwater needs to be continuously exploited. The test results provide an important reference for the correction of numerical model of groundwater,the improvement of the recharge system and the overall operation of the system.
引文
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16 赖长邈.多级人工湿地结构设计及其水力特性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Lai Changmiao. Multilevel constructed wetlands structure design and research on hydraulic characteristics[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
17 孟庆杰. A/O功能湿地对城镇污水厂尾水脱氮除磷的效果研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Meng Qingjie. The research about removal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on treating tail water in sewage treatment plants of town in A/O functional constructed wetland[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
18 王櫹橦,吴勇,卓勇,等.复合潜流人工湿地试验平台水力特性及去除效果研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(27):305-310Wang Xiaotong,Wu Yong,Zhuo Yong,et al. Study on the effect of removing and hydraulic characteristics of complex subsurface flow constructed wetland test platform[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(27):305-310
19 中国地质调查局.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2012China Geological Survey. Handbook of hydrogeology[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012
20 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.地下水质量标准:GB/T 14848—2017[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2007General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Standard for groundwater quality:GB/T 14848—2017[S]. Beijing:China Zhijian Publishing House,2007
21 王子佳.基于风险评价的北京平谷盆地雨洪水回灌水质标准研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009Wang Zijia. Study on water quality standards for storm water infiltration based on risk assessment in Pinggu Basin of Beijing[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009
22 张敏.德阳市平原区浅层地下水环境质量研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Zhang Min. Study on environmental quality of shallow groundwater in Deyang Plain[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
23 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质:GB/T19772—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. The reuse of urban recycling water—Water quality standard for groundwater recharge:GB/T19772—2005[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005
24 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002State Environmental Protection Administration,General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water:GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Publishing,2002
25 杜新强,冶雪艳,路莹,等.地下水人工回灌堵塞问题研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(9):973-980Du Xinqiang,Ye Xueyan,Lu Ying,et al. Advances in clogging research of artifial recharge[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(9):973-980
2 祝田多娃.地表水与地下水联合利用条件下的水权问题研究——以泾惠渠灌区为例[D].西安:长安大学,2009Zhu Tianduowa. Integrated water resources management based on water right institution—A case study in Jinhui irrigation district,Northwestern China[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009
3 周仰效,李文鹏.地下水可持续开发:概念、原理与方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(1):1-8Zhou Yangxiao,Li Wenpeng. Groundwater sustainability:Concepts and approaches[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,37(1):1-8
4 Evans W R,Evans R S,Holland G F. Conjunctive use and management of groundwater and surface water within existing irrigation commands:The need for a new focus on an old paradigm:GEF ID 3726[R]. Perth:Messrs SKM Australia,2014
5 Olsthoorn T O,Mosch M J. Fifty years artificial recharge in the Amsterdam dune area[C]//Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability,Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater. Lisse:A A Balkema Publishers,2002:29-33
6 Murray R,Tredoux G,Ravenscroft P,et al. Artificial recharge strategy:Version 1. 3[R]. Pretoria:The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry,2007
7 罗斯珂·摩斯公司.地下水开发手册[M].吴朝玉,译.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009Roscoe Moss Company. Handbook of ground water development[M].Wu Zhaoyu,translated. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2009
8 Dillon P,Pavelic P,Page D,et al. Managed aquifer recharge:Waterlines Report Series No. 13[R]. Canberra:National Water Commission,2009
9 Karlsen R H,Smits F J C,Stuyfzand P J,et al. A post audit and inverse modeling in reactive transport:50 years of artificial recharge in the Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,454-455:7-25
10 Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. Australian guidelines for water recycling:Managing health and environmental risks(Phase 2):Managed aquifer recharge[R]. Canberra:Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council,2009
11 高东东,吴勇,陈盟.德阳市平原区地下水资源禀赋特征与可持续开发利用评价[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(12):24-31Gao Dongdong,Wu Yong,Chen Meng. Groundwater endowment characteristics and sustainable exploitation and utilization evaluation in plain area of Deyang City[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(12):24-31
12 孙厚云.德阳市基于湿地系统的地下水人工补给研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016Sun Houyun. Research on artificial recharge of groundwater based on constructed wetlands system in Deyang City[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016
13 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.生活饮用水卫生标准:GB 5749—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007Ministry of health of People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Standards for drinking water quality:GB 5749—2006[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007
14 孙厚云,吴勇,高东东,等.基于絮凝沉淀-人工湿地-回灌的水处理工程实践[J].中国给水排水,2018,34(11):34-39Sun Houyun,Wu Yong,Gao Dongdong,et al. Water treatment engineering practice based on flocculation sedimentation,constructed wetland and artificial recharge system[J]. China Water and Wastewater,2018,34(11):34-39
15 熊昌龙.人工湿地填料基质对污水厂尾水深度处理研究——以锦江芦溪河人工湿地试验基质为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Xiong Changlong. A study on the advanced treatment of constructed wetlands'filler substrate in tail water from sewage plant—Taking experimentalsubstrate of an artificial wetland in Jinjiang Luxi river as an example[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
16 赖长邈.多级人工湿地结构设计及其水力特性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Lai Changmiao. Multilevel constructed wetlands structure design and research on hydraulic characteristics[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
17 孟庆杰. A/O功能湿地对城镇污水厂尾水脱氮除磷的效果研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Meng Qingjie. The research about removal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on treating tail water in sewage treatment plants of town in A/O functional constructed wetland[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
18 王櫹橦,吴勇,卓勇,等.复合潜流人工湿地试验平台水力特性及去除效果研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(27):305-310Wang Xiaotong,Wu Yong,Zhuo Yong,et al. Study on the effect of removing and hydraulic characteristics of complex subsurface flow constructed wetland test platform[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(27):305-310
19 中国地质调查局.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2012China Geological Survey. Handbook of hydrogeology[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012
20 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.地下水质量标准:GB/T 14848—2017[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2007General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Standard for groundwater quality:GB/T 14848—2017[S]. Beijing:China Zhijian Publishing House,2007
21 王子佳.基于风险评价的北京平谷盆地雨洪水回灌水质标准研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009Wang Zijia. Study on water quality standards for storm water infiltration based on risk assessment in Pinggu Basin of Beijing[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009
22 张敏.德阳市平原区浅层地下水环境质量研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014Zhang Min. Study on environmental quality of shallow groundwater in Deyang Plain[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
23 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质:GB/T19772—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. The reuse of urban recycling water—Water quality standard for groundwater recharge:GB/T19772—2005[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005
24 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002State Environmental Protection Administration,General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water:GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Publishing,2002
25 杜新强,冶雪艳,路莹,等.地下水人工回灌堵塞问题研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(9):973-980Du Xinqiang,Ye Xueyan,Lu Ying,et al. Advances in clogging research of artifial recharge[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(9):973-980