雏鸡舍留温新风换气系统设计与试验
|
摘要
为了验证所提出的一种保温、高效且运行成本低的雏鸡舍通风方式,依照热平衡原理,采用留温新风换气系统对雏鸡舍进行通风试验。对安装留温新风换气系统的雏鸡舍进行温湿度、显热交换效率和雏鸡生长性能监测,并且对留温新风换气机进行回收成本分析。试验表明:试验组与对照组的每周温湿度均可达到要求,在第4周时,试验组的空气温度和相对湿度极显著低于对照组(P <0. 01);试验组的二氧化碳质量浓度、氨气质量浓度、PM2. 5质量和PM10质量浓度均极显著低于对照组(P <0. 01),试验组的空气质量和通风效果均优于对照组;留温新风换气机的显热交换效率在夜间(19:00—次日07:00)平均达到80%;两栋鸡舍的雏鸡生长性能无显著性差异(P>0. 05);从热回收效果来看,测试期间室外温度为-8~8℃时,回收成本时间为80 d左右。当室外温度低于19℃时,留温新风换气机可平衡热回收效率及通风需求的关系,能够满足畜禽舍通风量及节能的需求。
In order to explore a kind of ventilation method with heat preservation,high efficiency and low operating cost about the chicken house,according to the principle of thermal balance,the fresh air ventilation system was adopted for the ventilation of chicken house,which used a high efficiency gas-air plate heat exchanger. It was different from the traditional plate-fin sandwich type heat exchange core body,but the special design at the inlet and outlet increased the length of countercurrent portion and reduced the length of cross-flow portion. The fresh air passage and exhaust passage were arranged at intervals in honeycomb body. It was a heat recovery ventilation system with low production cost,simple manufacturing process and high heat exchange efficiency. The temperature,relative humidity,sensible heat exchange efficiency,and growth performance of the chicken house were monitored with a fresh air ventilation system installed,and the cost of regenerative fresh air ventilator was analyzed. The test results showed that the temperature and relative humidity of test group and control group can meet the requirements of each week. And at the fourth week,the air temperature and relative humidity in the test group were 24. 91℃ and 48. 96%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 01). At the fourth week, the carbon dioxide mass concentration, ammonia mass concentration,PM2. 5 concentration and PM10 concentration in the test group were 2 361. 16 mg/m3,7. 28 mg/m3,12. 54 mg/m3 and 107. 58 mg/m3,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 01). The air quality and ventilation effects of the test group were better than those in the control group. The average sensible heat exchange efficiency of the fresh air ventilation system can reach 80% during 19: 00—07: 00. The fresh air ventilation system can greatly recover theheat from the exhaust gas; there was no significant difference in length and body weight between the test group and the control group(P > 0. 05),which indicated that the heat recovery and fresh air ventilator can meet the growth needs of the chickens; from the heat recovery effect point of view,when the outdoor temperature during the test was-8 ~ 8℃,the recovery cost days was about 80 d. When the outdoor temperature was lower than 19℃,the fresh air ventilation system can balance the heat recovery efficiency and ventilation requirements and meet the ventilation and energy saving needs of livestock houses. It was concluded that it had a good ventilation effect when the fresh air ventilation system was used in a chicken house. It was an effective way to solve the contradiction between heat insulation and ventilation of a chicken house.
In order to explore a kind of ventilation method with heat preservation,high efficiency and low operating cost about the chicken house,according to the principle of thermal balance,the fresh air ventilation system was adopted for the ventilation of chicken house,which used a high efficiency gas-air plate heat exchanger. It was different from the traditional plate-fin sandwich type heat exchange core body,but the special design at the inlet and outlet increased the length of countercurrent portion and reduced the length of cross-flow portion. The fresh air passage and exhaust passage were arranged at intervals in honeycomb body. It was a heat recovery ventilation system with low production cost,simple manufacturing process and high heat exchange efficiency. The temperature,relative humidity,sensible heat exchange efficiency,and growth performance of the chicken house were monitored with a fresh air ventilation system installed,and the cost of regenerative fresh air ventilator was analyzed. The test results showed that the temperature and relative humidity of test group and control group can meet the requirements of each week. And at the fourth week,the air temperature and relative humidity in the test group were 24. 91℃ and 48. 96%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 01). At the fourth week, the carbon dioxide mass concentration, ammonia mass concentration,PM2. 5 concentration and PM10 concentration in the test group were 2 361. 16 mg/m3,7. 28 mg/m3,12. 54 mg/m3 and 107. 58 mg/m3,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 01). The air quality and ventilation effects of the test group were better than those in the control group. The average sensible heat exchange efficiency of the fresh air ventilation system can reach 80% during 19: 00—07: 00. The fresh air ventilation system can greatly recover theheat from the exhaust gas; there was no significant difference in length and body weight between the test group and the control group(P > 0. 05),which indicated that the heat recovery and fresh air ventilator can meet the growth needs of the chickens; from the heat recovery effect point of view,when the outdoor temperature during the test was-8 ~ 8℃,the recovery cost days was about 80 d. When the outdoor temperature was lower than 19℃,the fresh air ventilation system can balance the heat recovery efficiency and ventilation requirements and meet the ventilation and energy saving needs of livestock houses. It was concluded that it had a good ventilation effect when the fresh air ventilation system was used in a chicken house. It was an effective way to solve the contradiction between heat insulation and ventilation of a chicken house.
引文
1 MARDIANA-IDAYU A,RIFFAT S B.Review on physical and performance parameters of heat recovery systems for building applications[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,28:174-190.
2 O'CONNOR D,CALAUTIT J K S,HUGHES B R.A review of heat recovery technology for passive ventilation applications[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54:1481-1493.
3 LAU J,CHEN Q.Floor-supply displacement ventilation for workshops[J].Building&Environment,2007,42(4):1718-1730.
4 WANG H Q,HUANG C H,LIU D,et al.Fume transports in a high rise industrial welding hall with displacement ventilation system and individual ventilation units[J].Building&Environment,2012,52(6):119-128.
5 PHILLIPS V R,HOLDEN M R,SNEATH R W,et al.The development of robust methods for measuring concentrations and emission rates of gaseous and particulate air pollutants in livestock buildings[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,70(1):11-24.
6 TAKAI H,PEDERSEN S,JOHNSEN J O,et al.Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,70(1):59-77.
7 GIESE H,IBRAHIM A A.Ventilation of animal shelters by the use of heat exchangers[J].Agricultural Engineering,1950,31(7):329-333.
8 STAUFFER L A,VAUGHAN D H.Heat reclamation from ventilation exhaust of livestock shelters[J].Transactions of the ASAENO 80-4014,1980.
9 LIANG Y,TABLER G T,REYNOLDS A W,et al.Heat recovery ventilators in a broiler house to reduce energy use[C]∥American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers,2011.
10 BOKKERS E A,VAN ZANTEN H H,VAND B H.Field study on effects of a heat exchanger on broiler performance,energy use,and calculated carbon dioxide emission at commercial broiler farms,and the experiences of farmers using a heat exchanger[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(12):2743.
11 HAN H,JANG K J,HAN K S,et al.Energy consumption and indoor environment of broiler houses with energy recovery ventilators[J].Advanced Science Letters,2013,19(9):2547-2552.
12布仁.环境因素对雏鸡生长及增重效果的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(4):42-43.BU Ren.Research on the effect of environment factors to the growth and weight gain of chicken[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2005,26(4):42-43.(in Chinese)
13赵宇,陈辉,黄晨轩,等.蛋鸡育雏舍环境参数与育雏效果的评测[J].中国家禽,2017,39(11):42-45.ZHAO Yu,CHEN Hui,HUANG Chenxuan,et al.Evaluation of environmental parameters and brooding effect on laying hens[J].China Poultry,2017,39(11):42-45.(in Chinese)
14李中习.商品蛋雏鸡饲养[J].四川畜牧兽医,2013,40(12):35-36.
15颜培实,李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
16任春环,王强军,张彦,等.江淮地区冬季羊舍供暖及通风换气效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):179-186.REN Chunhuan,WANG Qiangjun,ZHANG Yan,et al.Effect of electric heating and ventilation in goat shed of Jianghuai region in winter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(23):179-186.(in Chinese)
17张利平,吴建平.从环境工程学论北方冬季畜舍的保温防湿[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1994,29(1):117-121.ZAHNG Liping,WU Jianping.The environmental engineering teehnic in preventing cold and humidity of the house of livestock[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1994,29(1):117-121.(in Chinese)
18马春宇.寒区育肥牛舍冬季环境测定与通风改造的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.MA Chunyu.Research on winter environment of different type of beef house and ventilation modified in cold regions[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
19张会春.冬季鸡舍的保温和通风[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017(10):94.
20刘晓海.新风换气机对促进节能推广的重要性[J].建筑节能,2008,36(4):1-3.LIU Xiaohai.Significance of new wind exchanger in energy efficiency promotion[J].Energy Efficiency in Architecture,2008,36(4):1-3.(in Chinese)
21吴丽.板式热回收新风换气机[J].节能,2016,35(5):50-52.
22刘晓海,刘振华.浅谈新风换气机的机理和推广的必要性[J].山西建筑,2008,34(13):214-215.LIU Xiaohai,LIU Zhenhua.The brief talk about the principle and the extension necessity of fresh air ventilator[J].Shanxi Architecture,2008,34(13):214-215.(in Chinese)
23 LIU Junjie,LI Wenshen,LIU Jiang.Efficiency of energy recovery ventilator with various weathers and its energy saving performance in a residential apartment[J].Energy&Amp,Buildings,2010,42(1):43-49.
24刘建禹.冬季畜禽舍通风系统热能回收设备的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):122-125.LIU Jianyu.Experiment of exchanger for thermal energy recovery in the ventilation system of livestock house in winter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(4):122-125.(in Chinese)
25高继伟,真田,雷王,等.畜禽舍用全热回收新风换气一体装置:ZL201281420[P].2009-07-29.
26刘红光.畜禽舍新风换气机:ZL203723217U[P].2014-07-23.
2 O'CONNOR D,CALAUTIT J K S,HUGHES B R.A review of heat recovery technology for passive ventilation applications[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,54:1481-1493.
3 LAU J,CHEN Q.Floor-supply displacement ventilation for workshops[J].Building&Environment,2007,42(4):1718-1730.
4 WANG H Q,HUANG C H,LIU D,et al.Fume transports in a high rise industrial welding hall with displacement ventilation system and individual ventilation units[J].Building&Environment,2012,52(6):119-128.
5 PHILLIPS V R,HOLDEN M R,SNEATH R W,et al.The development of robust methods for measuring concentrations and emission rates of gaseous and particulate air pollutants in livestock buildings[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,70(1):11-24.
6 TAKAI H,PEDERSEN S,JOHNSEN J O,et al.Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,70(1):59-77.
7 GIESE H,IBRAHIM A A.Ventilation of animal shelters by the use of heat exchangers[J].Agricultural Engineering,1950,31(7):329-333.
8 STAUFFER L A,VAUGHAN D H.Heat reclamation from ventilation exhaust of livestock shelters[J].Transactions of the ASAENO 80-4014,1980.
9 LIANG Y,TABLER G T,REYNOLDS A W,et al.Heat recovery ventilators in a broiler house to reduce energy use[C]∥American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers,2011.
10 BOKKERS E A,VAN ZANTEN H H,VAND B H.Field study on effects of a heat exchanger on broiler performance,energy use,and calculated carbon dioxide emission at commercial broiler farms,and the experiences of farmers using a heat exchanger[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(12):2743.
11 HAN H,JANG K J,HAN K S,et al.Energy consumption and indoor environment of broiler houses with energy recovery ventilators[J].Advanced Science Letters,2013,19(9):2547-2552.
12布仁.环境因素对雏鸡生长及增重效果的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(4):42-43.BU Ren.Research on the effect of environment factors to the growth and weight gain of chicken[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2005,26(4):42-43.(in Chinese)
13赵宇,陈辉,黄晨轩,等.蛋鸡育雏舍环境参数与育雏效果的评测[J].中国家禽,2017,39(11):42-45.ZHAO Yu,CHEN Hui,HUANG Chenxuan,et al.Evaluation of environmental parameters and brooding effect on laying hens[J].China Poultry,2017,39(11):42-45.(in Chinese)
14李中习.商品蛋雏鸡饲养[J].四川畜牧兽医,2013,40(12):35-36.
15颜培实,李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
16任春环,王强军,张彦,等.江淮地区冬季羊舍供暖及通风换气效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):179-186.REN Chunhuan,WANG Qiangjun,ZHANG Yan,et al.Effect of electric heating and ventilation in goat shed of Jianghuai region in winter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(23):179-186.(in Chinese)
17张利平,吴建平.从环境工程学论北方冬季畜舍的保温防湿[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1994,29(1):117-121.ZAHNG Liping,WU Jianping.The environmental engineering teehnic in preventing cold and humidity of the house of livestock[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,1994,29(1):117-121.(in Chinese)
18马春宇.寒区育肥牛舍冬季环境测定与通风改造的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.MA Chunyu.Research on winter environment of different type of beef house and ventilation modified in cold regions[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
19张会春.冬季鸡舍的保温和通风[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017(10):94.
20刘晓海.新风换气机对促进节能推广的重要性[J].建筑节能,2008,36(4):1-3.LIU Xiaohai.Significance of new wind exchanger in energy efficiency promotion[J].Energy Efficiency in Architecture,2008,36(4):1-3.(in Chinese)
21吴丽.板式热回收新风换气机[J].节能,2016,35(5):50-52.
22刘晓海,刘振华.浅谈新风换气机的机理和推广的必要性[J].山西建筑,2008,34(13):214-215.LIU Xiaohai,LIU Zhenhua.The brief talk about the principle and the extension necessity of fresh air ventilator[J].Shanxi Architecture,2008,34(13):214-215.(in Chinese)
23 LIU Junjie,LI Wenshen,LIU Jiang.Efficiency of energy recovery ventilator with various weathers and its energy saving performance in a residential apartment[J].Energy&Amp,Buildings,2010,42(1):43-49.
24刘建禹.冬季畜禽舍通风系统热能回收设备的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):122-125.LIU Jianyu.Experiment of exchanger for thermal energy recovery in the ventilation system of livestock house in winter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(4):122-125.(in Chinese)
25高继伟,真田,雷王,等.畜禽舍用全热回收新风换气一体装置:ZL201281420[P].2009-07-29.
26刘红光.畜禽舍新风换气机:ZL203723217U[P].2014-07-23.