外磁场对THz波段超导表面等离激元的影响
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摘要
根据超导二流体模型,研究了在THz波段超导材料铌表面存在的表面等离激元的色散曲线和特征长度随外磁场的变化关系,分析了外磁场对表面等离激元激发条件的影响.结果表明:外磁场强度增大时,色散曲线偏离光锥线程度将增大,表面等离激元传播距离、归一化波长及其在介质内的穿透深度将变小,而在超导材料内的穿透深度将增大,且色散曲线和特征长度随磁场的变化程度还与频率有关.同时,共振角度对外磁场变化不敏感,但共振频率将随外磁场强度增大而红移.该结果可为超导波导器件设计提供一定的参考.
The dispersion relations and characteristics lengths of surface plasmon polaritions(SPPs)at the superconductor-air interface in THz band with different external magnetic fields are analyzed based on the two-fluid model,the changes of excitation frequency and angle in different external magnetic fields by attenuated total reflection(ATR)technique are also discussed.The results show that as the external magnetic field increases,the deviation degree of dispersion curve from light line is increased,and the SPPs propagation length,SPPs normalized wavelength and the penetration depth into air are decreased,but the penetration depth into superconductor is increased.Moreover,the dispersion relations and characteristics lengths also vary with different frequencies.The excitation resonance angle is not sensitive to external magnetic field,but the resonance frequency increases with the increase of the external magnetic field.The changes of SPPs properties are ascribed to the electric state transformation between superconducting and normal states.
The dispersion relations and characteristics lengths of surface plasmon polaritions(SPPs)at the superconductor-air interface in THz band with different external magnetic fields are analyzed based on the two-fluid model,the changes of excitation frequency and angle in different external magnetic fields by attenuated total reflection(ATR)technique are also discussed.The results show that as the external magnetic field increases,the deviation degree of dispersion curve from light line is increased,and the SPPs propagation length,SPPs normalized wavelength and the penetration depth into air are decreased,but the penetration depth into superconductor is increased.Moreover,the dispersion relations and characteristics lengths also vary with different frequencies.The excitation resonance angle is not sensitive to external magnetic field,but the resonance frequency increases with the increase of the external magnetic field.The changes of SPPs properties are ascribed to the electric state transformation between superconducting and normal states.
引文
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[3]Kauranen M,Zayats A V.Nonlinear plasmonics[J].Nature Photonics,2012,6(11):737.
[4]Ozbay E.Plasmonics:merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions[J].Science,2006,311(5758):189.
[5]Isaac T H,Barnes W L,Hendry E.Determining the terahertz optical properties of subwavelength films using semiconductor surface plasmons[J].Appl Phys Lett,2008,93(24):241115.
[6]Wang K,Mittleman D M.Dispersion of surface plasmon polaritons on metal wires in the terahertz frequency range[J].Phys Rev Lett,2006,96(15):157401.
[7]Li S,Jadidi M M,Murphy T E,et al.Terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on a semiconductor surface structured with periodic V-grooves[J].Optics Express,2013,21(6):7041.
[8]Chen J,Smolyakov G A,Brueck S R,et al.Surface plasmon modes of finite,planar,metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides[J].Optics Express,2008,16(19):14902.
[9]张惠芳,赵玉静,陶峰,等.五层对称人工超常材料结构的表面等离子体激元[J].光子学报,2010,39(12):2234.
[10]Zhang C H,Wu J B,Jin B B,et al.Low-loss terahertz metamaterial from superconducting niobium nitride films[J].Optics Express,2012,20(1):42.
[11]Davoyan A R,Shadrivov I V,Kivshar Y S.Nonlinear plasmonic slot waveguides[J].Optics Express,2008,16(26):21209.
[12]Tachiki M,Koyama T,Takahashi S.Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors[J].Phys Rev B,1994,50(10):7065.
[13]张翠玲,郑瑞伦,刘启能,等.温度对超导光子晶体光子能带的影响[J].光子学报,2010,39(11):1943.
[14]李春早,刘少斌,孔祥鲲,等.外磁场与温度对低温超导光子晶体低频禁带特性的影响[J].物理学报,2012,61(7):075203.
[15]Kurter C,Abrahams J,Shvets G,et al.Plasmonic Scaling of Superconducting Metamaterials[J].Phys Rev B,2013,88(18):293.
[16]Tsiatmas A,Buckingham A R,Fedotov V A,et al.Superconducting plasmonics and extraordinary transmission[J].Appl Phys Lett,2010,97(11):111106.
[17]Zhang C,Jin B,Han J,et al.Terahertz nonlinear superconducting metamaterials[J].Appl Phys Lett,2013,102(8):081121.
[18]Berman O L,Lozovik Y E,Kolesnikov A A,et al.Surface plasmon polaritons and optical transmission through a vortex lattice in a film of type-II superconductor[J].J Opt Soc of Am B,2013,30(4):909.
[19]Raether H.Surface plasmons on smooth surfaces[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1988.
[20]Li C,Liu S,Kong X,et al.Tunable photonic bandgap in a one-dimensional superconducting-dielectric superlattice[J].Appl Opt,2011,50(16):2370.