不同浓度的硝态氮对高羊茅生长及养分吸收的影响
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摘要
为明确硝态氮(NO_3~–-N)不同供应水平下高羊茅(Festuca arundinace)的生长和养分吸收特性,确定适宜高羊茅正常生长的NO_3~–-N浓度,以Ca(NO_3)_2为氮源,在石英砂盆栽培养条件下,研究高羊茅生长及养分吸收对不同浓度外源NO_3~–-N(0、5、10、15和20 mmol·L~(–1))的响应。结果表明,外源NO_3~–-N显著影响了高羊茅植株地上部和地下部的生长。随NO_3~–-N浓度的增加,高羊茅株高和地上部干物质累积量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势;植株地下部干物质累积量、根长和根表面积随NO_3~–-N浓度的升高而降低,平均根系直径各处理间无显著差异(P> 0.05)。增加NO_3~–-N浓度可提高植株地上部磷浓度和磷吸收量,适宜浓度的NO_3~–-N可促进植株地上部氮、钾的吸收和累积。适合高羊茅生长的NO_3~–-N浓度范围为4.3～18.2 mmol·L~(–1),4.3 mmol·L~(–1) NO_3~–-N浓度可作为高羊茅养护管理时合理施用氮肥用量推荐的参考。
In order to clarify the growth and nutrients absorption characteristics of Festuca arundinacea under different NO_3~–-N levels and to determine the NO_3~–-N concentration suitable for its optimal growth, Ca(NO_3)_2 was used as an exogenous nitrogen source in this study. The growth and nutrients uptake response to different concentrations of NO_3~–-N(0,5, 10, 15, 20 mmol·L~(–1)) were studied under the conditions of quartz sand pots cultivation. The results showed that exogenous NO_3~–-N had significant effects on the growth of both shoots and roots of Festuca arundinacea. With increased NO3–-N concentrations, the plant height and dry matter accumulation of the shoots first increased and then decreased. The root dry matter accumulation, root length, and root surface area decreased with the increase in NO_3~–-N concentration, and the mean root diameters were not statistically different between the treatments. Increasing the concentrations of NO_3~–-N could increase phosphorus(P) concentrations and P uptake, and the suitable concentrations of NO_3~–-N could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the shoots. The optimal concentration of NO_3~–-N for Festuca arundinacea's growth was 4.3～18.2 mmol·L~(–1). From the above results, 4.3 mmol·L~(–1) NO_3~–-N can be used as a reference for the rational level of N fertilization for Festuca arundinacea conservation and management.
In order to clarify the growth and nutrients absorption characteristics of Festuca arundinacea under different NO_3~–-N levels and to determine the NO_3~–-N concentration suitable for its optimal growth, Ca(NO_3)_2 was used as an exogenous nitrogen source in this study. The growth and nutrients uptake response to different concentrations of NO_3~–-N(0,5, 10, 15, 20 mmol·L~(–1)) were studied under the conditions of quartz sand pots cultivation. The results showed that exogenous NO_3~–-N had significant effects on the growth of both shoots and roots of Festuca arundinacea. With increased NO3–-N concentrations, the plant height and dry matter accumulation of the shoots first increased and then decreased. The root dry matter accumulation, root length, and root surface area decreased with the increase in NO_3~–-N concentration, and the mean root diameters were not statistically different between the treatments. Increasing the concentrations of NO_3~–-N could increase phosphorus(P) concentrations and P uptake, and the suitable concentrations of NO_3~–-N could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in the shoots. The optimal concentration of NO_3~–-N for Festuca arundinacea's growth was 4.3～18.2 mmol·L~(–1). From the above results, 4.3 mmol·L~(–1) NO_3~–-N can be used as a reference for the rational level of N fertilization for Festuca arundinacea conservation and management.
引文
[1]孟子卓,薛亚美,孟凡.草种形成的草坪外观质量评价.现代园艺,2018(8):33.MENG Z Z, XUE Y M, MENG F. Evaluation of the appearance quality of turf formed by grass species. Xiandai Horticulture,2018(8):33.
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[4]边秀举,胡林,李晓林,张福锁.不同氮钾用量对多年生黑麦草草坪的影响.草业学报,2000, 9(1):55-59.BIAN X J, HU L, LI X L, ZHANG F S. Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on the growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass.Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000, 9(1):55-59.
[5] DINH H T, WAT AN ABLE K, TAKARAGAWA H, KAWAMITSU Y. Effects of drought stress at early growth stage on response of sugarcane to different nitrogen application. Sugar Tech, 2018, 20(4):420-430.
[6]刘金山,戴健,刘洋,郭雄,王朝辉.过量施氮对旱地土壤碳、氮及供氮能力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(1):112-120.LIU J S, DAI J, LIU Y, GUO X, WANG Z H. Effects of excessive nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon and nitrogen and nitrogen supply capacity in dryland. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(1):112-120.
[7]王大鹏,郑亮,吴小平,罗雪华,王文斌,张永发,薛欣欣.旱地土壤硝态氮的产生、淋洗迁移及调控措施.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1731-1741.WANG D P, ZHENG L, WU X P, LUO X H, WANG W B, ZHANG Y F, XUE X X. Review of soil nitrate formation, leaching transport and their control measures in upland farming systems. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(12):1731-1741.
[8]孙佳林,张炜成,郑海霞,陈雅君,秦立刚,张璐,刘威.水氮交互作用下草地早熟禾生长特性的变化.草地学报,2015, 23(6):1226-1232.SUN J L, ZHANG W C, ZHENG H X, CHEN Y J, QIN L G, ZHANG L, LIU W. Changes of growth characteristics of Kentucky bluegrass under water-nitrogen interaction. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(6):1226-1232.
[9]张斐斐,白龙,王晓红,刘英.施氮对黑麦草草坪生长及土壤硝态氮的影响.草业科学,2013, 30(8):1143-1148.ZHANG F F, BAI L, WANG X H, LIU Y. Effects of different nitrogen application on turf growth of Lolium perenne and nitrateresidue in soil. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(8):1143-1148.
[10]樊剑波,张亚丽,万小羽,沈其荣.水稻根系与氮素吸收利用之研究进展.中国农学通报,2007, 23(2):236-240.FAN J B, ZHANG Y L, WAN X Y, SHEN Q R. Progress in research of rice root related to nitrogen uptake and utilization. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(2):236-240.
[11]陈艳丽,高新生,李绍鹏.不同形态氮素替代部分硝态氮对水培小白菜的生长和品质的影响.中国农学通报,2010, 26(15):306-309.CHEN Y L, GAO X S, LI S P. Effects of partial replacement of nitrate in solution by nitrogen forms on the development and quality of hydroponic pakchoi cabbage. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(15):306-309.
[12]苏顺,方正,李英丽,赵斌.不同氮素形态配比对百合生长发育的影响.北方园艺,2012(2):67-69.SU D, FANG Z, LI Y L, ZHAO B. Effect of different NH4-N/N03-N ratios on the growth of Lilimu. Northern Horticulture,2012(2):67-69.
[13]邢素芝,汪建飞,李孝良,邹海明.氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(2):527-534.XING S Z, WANG J F, LI X L, ZOU H M. Different nitrogen fertilizers and ratios effect on growth, safety and quality of spinach.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2):527-534.
[14]张振华.作物硝态氮转运利用与氮素利用效率的关系.植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(1):217-223.ZHANG Z H. The relationship between nitrate transport and utilization in crop and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1):217-223.
[15]白由路.高效施肥技术研究的现状与展望.中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2116-2125.BAI Y L. The situation and prospect of research on efficient fertilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11):2116-2125.
[16]孟建林.氮肥对受践踏胁迫结缕草草坪恢复生长的影响.亚热带植物科学,2013, 42(1):23-26.MENG J L. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on recovery growth of Zoysia japonica trample stressed. Subtropical Plant Science, 2013,42(1):23-26.
[17]熊炳霖,王仕稳,王鑫月,陈道钳,殷俐娜,邓西平.干旱胁迫下氮肥对玉米叶片衰老影响及与碳氮平衡的关系.玉米科学,2016,24(3):138-146.XIONG B L, WANG S W, WANG X Y, CHEN D Q, YIN L N, DENG X P. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on leaf senescence of maize and the associate with carbon/nitrogen balance under drought stress. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2016, 24(3):138-146.
[18] NACRY P, BOUGUYON E, GOJON A. Nitrogen acquisition by roots:Physiological and developmental mechanisms ensuring plant adaptation to a fluctuating resource. Plant and Soil, 2013, 370(1/2):1-29.
[19] HENKE M, SARLIKIOTI V, KURTH W, GERHARD H B, PAGES L. Exploring root developmental plasticity to nitrogen with a three-dimensional architectural model. Plant and Soil, 2014, 385(1/2):49-62.
[20]郭芸珲,于媛媛,温立柱,孙翠慧,孙宪芝,王文莉,孙霞,郑成淑.硝态氮影响菊花根系形态结构变化的分子基础.中国农业科学,2017, 50(9):1684-1693.GUO Y H, YU Y Y, WEN L Z, SUN C H, SUN X Z, WANG W L, SUN X, ZHENG C S. Molecular basis of the effects of nitrate signal on root morphological structure changes of Chrysanthemum. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(9):1684-1693.
[21]黄保崴,王国君,司东霞,吕福堂,李海云.黄瓜幼苗根系生长对氮素用量及氮形态的响应.黑龙江农业科学,2017(10):31-36.HUANG B W, WANG G J, SI D X, LYU F T, LI H Y. Root growth of cucumber seeding response to nitrogen application rates and nitrogen forms. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017(10):31-36.
[2]钱永生,朱江敏,吴剑丙,张晓勤,柴明良.施肥对沟叶结缕草生长及生理特性的影响.草业学报,2012, 21(3):234-241.QIAN Y X, ZHU J M, WU J B, ZHANG X Q, CHAI M L. Effects of fertilizing on the manilagrass growth and physiological characteristics. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(3):234-241.
[3]梁飞,田长彦,张慧.施氮和刈割对盐角草生长及盐分累积的影响.草业学报,2012, 21(2):99-105.LIANG F, TIAN C Y, ZHANG H. The impacts of N fertilization and clipping on the growth and salt accumulation of Salicornia europaea. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2):99-105.
[4]边秀举,胡林,李晓林,张福锁.不同氮钾用量对多年生黑麦草草坪的影响.草业学报,2000, 9(1):55-59.BIAN X J, HU L, LI X L, ZHANG F S. Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on the growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass.Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000, 9(1):55-59.
[5] DINH H T, WAT AN ABLE K, TAKARAGAWA H, KAWAMITSU Y. Effects of drought stress at early growth stage on response of sugarcane to different nitrogen application. Sugar Tech, 2018, 20(4):420-430.
[6]刘金山,戴健,刘洋,郭雄,王朝辉.过量施氮对旱地土壤碳、氮及供氮能力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(1):112-120.LIU J S, DAI J, LIU Y, GUO X, WANG Z H. Effects of excessive nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon and nitrogen and nitrogen supply capacity in dryland. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(1):112-120.
[7]王大鹏,郑亮,吴小平,罗雪华,王文斌,张永发,薛欣欣.旱地土壤硝态氮的产生、淋洗迁移及调控措施.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1731-1741.WANG D P, ZHENG L, WU X P, LUO X H, WANG W B, ZHANG Y F, XUE X X. Review of soil nitrate formation, leaching transport and their control measures in upland farming systems. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(12):1731-1741.
[8]孙佳林,张炜成,郑海霞,陈雅君,秦立刚,张璐,刘威.水氮交互作用下草地早熟禾生长特性的变化.草地学报,2015, 23(6):1226-1232.SUN J L, ZHANG W C, ZHENG H X, CHEN Y J, QIN L G, ZHANG L, LIU W. Changes of growth characteristics of Kentucky bluegrass under water-nitrogen interaction. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(6):1226-1232.
[9]张斐斐,白龙,王晓红,刘英.施氮对黑麦草草坪生长及土壤硝态氮的影响.草业科学,2013, 30(8):1143-1148.ZHANG F F, BAI L, WANG X H, LIU Y. Effects of different nitrogen application on turf growth of Lolium perenne and nitrateresidue in soil. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(8):1143-1148.
[10]樊剑波,张亚丽,万小羽,沈其荣.水稻根系与氮素吸收利用之研究进展.中国农学通报,2007, 23(2):236-240.FAN J B, ZHANG Y L, WAN X Y, SHEN Q R. Progress in research of rice root related to nitrogen uptake and utilization. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(2):236-240.
[11]陈艳丽,高新生,李绍鹏.不同形态氮素替代部分硝态氮对水培小白菜的生长和品质的影响.中国农学通报,2010, 26(15):306-309.CHEN Y L, GAO X S, LI S P. Effects of partial replacement of nitrate in solution by nitrogen forms on the development and quality of hydroponic pakchoi cabbage. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(15):306-309.
[12]苏顺,方正,李英丽,赵斌.不同氮素形态配比对百合生长发育的影响.北方园艺,2012(2):67-69.SU D, FANG Z, LI Y L, ZHAO B. Effect of different NH4-N/N03-N ratios on the growth of Lilimu. Northern Horticulture,2012(2):67-69.
[13]邢素芝,汪建飞,李孝良,邹海明.氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(2):527-534.XING S Z, WANG J F, LI X L, ZOU H M. Different nitrogen fertilizers and ratios effect on growth, safety and quality of spinach.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2):527-534.
[14]张振华.作物硝态氮转运利用与氮素利用效率的关系.植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(1):217-223.ZHANG Z H. The relationship between nitrate transport and utilization in crop and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1):217-223.
[15]白由路.高效施肥技术研究的现状与展望.中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2116-2125.BAI Y L. The situation and prospect of research on efficient fertilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11):2116-2125.
[16]孟建林.氮肥对受践踏胁迫结缕草草坪恢复生长的影响.亚热带植物科学,2013, 42(1):23-26.MENG J L. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on recovery growth of Zoysia japonica trample stressed. Subtropical Plant Science, 2013,42(1):23-26.
[17]熊炳霖,王仕稳,王鑫月,陈道钳,殷俐娜,邓西平.干旱胁迫下氮肥对玉米叶片衰老影响及与碳氮平衡的关系.玉米科学,2016,24(3):138-146.XIONG B L, WANG S W, WANG X Y, CHEN D Q, YIN L N, DENG X P. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on leaf senescence of maize and the associate with carbon/nitrogen balance under drought stress. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2016, 24(3):138-146.
[18] NACRY P, BOUGUYON E, GOJON A. Nitrogen acquisition by roots:Physiological and developmental mechanisms ensuring plant adaptation to a fluctuating resource. Plant and Soil, 2013, 370(1/2):1-29.
[19] HENKE M, SARLIKIOTI V, KURTH W, GERHARD H B, PAGES L. Exploring root developmental plasticity to nitrogen with a three-dimensional architectural model. Plant and Soil, 2014, 385(1/2):49-62.
[20]郭芸珲,于媛媛,温立柱,孙翠慧,孙宪芝,王文莉,孙霞,郑成淑.硝态氮影响菊花根系形态结构变化的分子基础.中国农业科学,2017, 50(9):1684-1693.GUO Y H, YU Y Y, WEN L Z, SUN C H, SUN X Z, WANG W L, SUN X, ZHENG C S. Molecular basis of the effects of nitrate signal on root morphological structure changes of Chrysanthemum. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(9):1684-1693.
[21]黄保崴,王国君,司东霞,吕福堂,李海云.黄瓜幼苗根系生长对氮素用量及氮形态的响应.黑龙江农业科学,2017(10):31-36.HUANG B W, WANG G J, SI D X, LYU F T, LI H Y. Root growth of cucumber seeding response to nitrogen application rates and nitrogen forms. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017(10):31-36.