施肥对科尔沁沙地苜蓿生长及产草量的影响
|
摘要
为探讨施肥量对科尔沁沙地苜蓿生长及产量的影响,对不同施肥水平下科尔沁沙地的苜蓿干鲜草产量、枝条长度、茎粗、枝条数、株高等相关指标进行检测,并计算生长速率、茎叶比、根冠比、干鲜比。结果表明:①第一茬枝条长度、第二茬茎粗和根冠比均随施肥量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,第二茬枝条数随施肥量的增加而增加,第三茬枝条数则随施肥量的增加而降低。②通过相关性分析表明,对苜蓿干草产量贡献大小的指标排序依次为茎粗>枝条数>枝条长度。③第一茬紫花苜蓿生长速率变化较为平稳,第二、三茬苜蓿均呈现前期生长迅速后期减慢的规律。④苜蓿干草总产量随施肥量的增加而呈现先增后减的趋势,遵循报酬递减规律,在总施肥量为656.25 kg/hm~2时苜蓿干草总产量最高,达到17 218.9 kg/hm~2。因此,建议施肥量为返青施肥375 kg/hm~2(N 60 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 56.25 kg/hm~2、K_2O 56.25 kg/hm~2),第一次刈割施肥131.25 kg/hm~2(N21 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 19.687 5 kg/hm~2、K_2O 19.687 5 kg/hm~2),第二次刈割施肥150 kg/hm~2(N 24 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 22.5kg/hm~2、K_2O 22. 5 kg/hm~2),施肥总量656.25 kg/hm~2(N 105 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 98. 437 5 kg/hm~2、K_2O 98. 437 5kg/hm~2)。结果为科尔沁沙地苜蓿合理施肥管理提供依据。
In order to investigate the effects of fertilizing amount on alfalfa growth and yield in Horqin sandy land,the paper detected the relevant indexes,including fresh grass yield,shoot length,stem diameter,number of branches and plant height of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land under different fertilization levels,and also calculated the growth rate,ratio of stem to leaf,ratio of root to shoot,and ratio of dry weight to fresh weight. The results showed that:① The branch length of the first stolon,stem thickness and ratio of root to shoot of the second stolon firstly increased along with the increase of fertilizing amount,then decreased. The branch number of the second stolon increased with the increase of fertilizing amount. While,that of the third stolon decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.② Correlation analysis showed that the order of contribution to alfalfa hay yield was stem diameter > branch number >branch length. ③ The changing growth rate of alfalfa first stolon was relatively stable,and the second and third stolon alfalfa all showed the law of rapid growth in the early stage,then slowed down in the later period. ④ The total yield of alfalfa hay increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizing amount,following the law of diminishing return. The total yield of alfalfa hay reached 17 218.9 kg/hm~2 when the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm~2.Therefore,it is recommended that the fertilizing amount was 375 kg/hm~2( N 60 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 56.25 kg/hm~2,K_2O 56.25 kg/hm~2) in period of seedling establishment,131.25 kg/hm~2( N 21 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 19. 687 5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 19.687 5 kg/hm~2) after the first cutting,150 kg/hm~2( N 24 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 22.5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 22.5 kg/hm~2) after the second cutting. And the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm~2( N 105 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 98.437 5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 98.437 5 kg/hm~2). The results have provided basis for rational alfalfa fertilizer management in Horqin sandy land.
In order to investigate the effects of fertilizing amount on alfalfa growth and yield in Horqin sandy land,the paper detected the relevant indexes,including fresh grass yield,shoot length,stem diameter,number of branches and plant height of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land under different fertilization levels,and also calculated the growth rate,ratio of stem to leaf,ratio of root to shoot,and ratio of dry weight to fresh weight. The results showed that:① The branch length of the first stolon,stem thickness and ratio of root to shoot of the second stolon firstly increased along with the increase of fertilizing amount,then decreased. The branch number of the second stolon increased with the increase of fertilizing amount. While,that of the third stolon decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.② Correlation analysis showed that the order of contribution to alfalfa hay yield was stem diameter > branch number >branch length. ③ The changing growth rate of alfalfa first stolon was relatively stable,and the second and third stolon alfalfa all showed the law of rapid growth in the early stage,then slowed down in the later period. ④ The total yield of alfalfa hay increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizing amount,following the law of diminishing return. The total yield of alfalfa hay reached 17 218.9 kg/hm~2 when the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm~2.Therefore,it is recommended that the fertilizing amount was 375 kg/hm~2( N 60 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 56.25 kg/hm~2,K_2O 56.25 kg/hm~2) in period of seedling establishment,131.25 kg/hm~2( N 21 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 19. 687 5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 19.687 5 kg/hm~2) after the first cutting,150 kg/hm~2( N 24 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 22.5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 22.5 kg/hm~2) after the second cutting. And the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm~2( N 105 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 98.437 5 kg/hm~2,K_2O 98.437 5 kg/hm~2). The results have provided basis for rational alfalfa fertilizer management in Horqin sandy land.
引文
[1]康爱民,龙瑞军,师尚礼,等.苜蓿的营养与饲用价值[J].草原与草坪,2002(3):31-33.Kang A M,Long R J,Shi S L,et al..The nutrition and feeding value of alfalfa[J].Grassland Turf,2002(3):31-33.
[2]卢欣石.中国苜蓿产业发展问题[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):1-5.Lu X S.Problems with the development of alfalfa industry in China[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2013,35(5):1-5.
[3]吕鹏,张吉旺,刘伟,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):852-860.Lv P,Zhang J W,Liu W,et al..Effects of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize under super-high yield conditions[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.,201l,17(4):852-860.
[4]孙继英,王屾,肖本彦,等.不同施肥量马铃薯主要农艺性状的变化及与产量性状相关性的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(11):100-101,64.Sun J Y,Wang S,Xiao B Y,et al..Changes of main agronomic traits and correlation with yield traits of potato at different fertilizer rates[J].Anhui Agric.Sci.Bull.,2009,15(11):100-101,64.
[5]杨恒山,曹敏建,郑庆福,等.刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量品质及根的影响[J].作物杂志,2004(2):33-34.Yang H S,Cao M J,Zheng Q F,et al..Effects of cutting times on yield and quality and roots of alfalfa[J].Crops,2004(2):33-34.
[6]范富,张宁,张庆国,等.施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2007(5):36-42.Fan F,Zhang N,Zhang Q G,et al..Effects of fertilizer application on the yield of fresh forage and nutrient content of Aohan alfalfa[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2007(5):36-42.
[7]金晶炜,范富,熊俊芬,等.氮、磷、钾肥互作效应与紫花苜蓿产量的相关性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007(5):719-722.Jin J W,Fan F,Xiong J F,et al..Study on effect relationship between alfalfa's yields and interaction effect of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer[J].J.Yunnan Agric.Univ.,2007(5):719-722.
[8]杨恒山,曹敏建,李春龙,等.苜蓿施用磷、钾肥效应的研究[J].草业科学,2003(11):19-22.Yang H S,Cao M J,Li C L,et al..Effects of superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilization on alfalfa[J].Pratac.Sci.,2003(11):19-22.
[9]葛选良,杨恒山,刘晶,等.施磷水平对紫花苜蓿生长及草产量的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(5):509-513.Ge X L,Yang H S,Liu J,et al..Effects of phosphorus level on growth and hay yield of alfalfa[J].J.Inner Mongolia Univ.Nat.(Nat.Sci.),2009,24(5):509-513.
[10]孙浩.施磷对科尔沁沙地苜蓿产量和品质的影响[A].见:中国草学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文集[C].中国草学会,2016,7.Sun H.Effect of phosphate fertilizer on yield and quality of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land[A].In:Proceedings of the Ninth National Congress of Chinese Grass Society and Symposium[C].Chinese Grass Society,2016,7.
[11]张玉霞,王显国,邰继承,等.不同微生境下科尔沁沙地苜蓿的生产性能[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(1):25-30.Zhang Y X,Wang X G,Tai J C,et al..Comparison of aromatic constituents in three peppermint materials[J].Grassland Turf,2018,38(1):25-30.
[12]姚瑶.不同施肥处理和干燥方式对紫花苜蓿生物学特性及营养成分的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,硕士学位论文,2017.Yao Y.Effect of different fertilization and drying treatments on biological characteristics and nutritional ingredient of alfalfa[D].Shandong Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2017.
[13]卢宝安,韩师洪,张炜,等.不同施肥量与不同施肥次数对麻山药产量的影响[J].天津农林科技,2016(3):17-19.Lu B A,Han S H,Zhang W,et al..Effects of different amount of fertilizer and different times of fertilization on yield of Dioscorea[J].Sci.Technol.Tianjin Agric.For.,2016(3):17-19.
[14]Cherney J H,Duxbury J M.Inorganic nitrogen supply and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in alfalfa[J].J.Plant Nutr.,1994,17:2053-2067.
[15]张杰,贾志宽,韩清芳.不同养分对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007(4):121-125.Zhang J,Jia Z K,Han Q F.The effect of different fertilization on stem/leaf ratio and fw/dw ratio of alfalfa[J].Act.Agric.Boreali-Occident.Sin.,2007(4):121-125.
[16]Reters E J,Stritzke J F.Herbicides and nitrogen fertilization for the establishment of three varieties of spring-sown alfalfa[J].Agron.J.,1970,62:259-262.
[17]姜慧新,刘栋,翟桂玉,等.氮磷钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(9):1441-1445.Jiang H X,Liu D,Zhai G Y,et al..Effects of fertilizer combinations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the forage yield of Medicago sativa[J].Pratac.Sci.,2012,29(9):1441-1445.
[18]刘晓静,张进霞,李文卿,等.施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1516-1526.Liu X J,Zhang J X,Li W Q,et al..Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of Gansu[J].J.Desert Res.,2014,34(6):1516-1526.
[19]唐丽媛,李从锋,马玮,等.渐密种植条件下玉米植株形态特征及其相关性分析[J].作物学报,2012,38(8):1529-1537.Tang L Y,Li C F,Ma W,et al..Characteristics of plant morphological parameters and its correlation analysis in maize under planting with gradually increased density[J].Acta Agron.Sin.,2012,38(8):1529-1537.
[20]贾恒义,彭祥林.沙打旺、苜蓿对氮磷钾的效应[J].草业科学,1994,11(5):42-45.Jia H Y,Peng X L.Effects of Astragalus adsurgens and alfalfa on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium[J].Pratac.Sci.,1994,11(5):42-45.
[21]Nuttall W.Effect of N,P,and S fertilizers on alfalfa grown on three soil types in Northeastern Saskatchewan.I.Yield and soil tests[J].Agron.J.,1985,77(1):41-46.
[22]罗旭辉,黄水珍,谢善松,等.中亚热带区不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(1):54-57.Luo X H,Huang S Z,Xie S S,et al..Comparison on production of different fall dormancy Medicago sativa varieties in central subtropical region in China[J].Grassland Turf,2012,32(1):54-57.
[23]马力,周鹏,安渊,等.非秋眠和半秋眠紫花苜蓿品种在华东冬闲田的生长规律和营养动态[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(5):38-45.Ma L,Zhou P,An Y,et al..Growth and nutrient dynamics of non-fall dormancy and semi-fall dormancy alfalfa cultivars in winter fallowland of Southeast China[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2014,36(5):38-45.
[24]单贵莲,薛世明,郭盼,等.刈割时期和调制方法对紫花苜蓿干草质量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):28-33.Shan G L,Xue S M,Guo P,et al..Effect of cutting stage and drying method on hay quality of alfalfa[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2012,34(3):28-33.
[25]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.Liu Y N,Liu X J,Zhang X L,et al..Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties[J].Grassland Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[26]徐畅.不同土壤条件下紫花苜蓿牧草产量构成因子的比较分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,硕士学位论文,2017.Xu C.Comparative analysis of alfalfa yield components in different soil conditions[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,Master Dissertation,2017.
[27]Rumbough M D.Effects of population density on some components of yield of alfalfa[J].Crop Sci.,1963,3(5):423-424.
[28]韩路.不同苜蓿品种的生产性能分析及评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,硕士学位论文,2002.Han L.Analysis and evaluation of the productive power of the diverse alfalfa varieties[D].Shaanxi Yangling:Northwest A&F University,Master Dissertation,2002.
[2]卢欣石.中国苜蓿产业发展问题[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):1-5.Lu X S.Problems with the development of alfalfa industry in China[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2013,35(5):1-5.
[3]吕鹏,张吉旺,刘伟,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):852-860.Lv P,Zhang J W,Liu W,et al..Effects of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize under super-high yield conditions[J].J.Plant Nutr.Fert.,201l,17(4):852-860.
[4]孙继英,王屾,肖本彦,等.不同施肥量马铃薯主要农艺性状的变化及与产量性状相关性的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(11):100-101,64.Sun J Y,Wang S,Xiao B Y,et al..Changes of main agronomic traits and correlation with yield traits of potato at different fertilizer rates[J].Anhui Agric.Sci.Bull.,2009,15(11):100-101,64.
[5]杨恒山,曹敏建,郑庆福,等.刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量品质及根的影响[J].作物杂志,2004(2):33-34.Yang H S,Cao M J,Zheng Q F,et al..Effects of cutting times on yield and quality and roots of alfalfa[J].Crops,2004(2):33-34.
[6]范富,张宁,张庆国,等.施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2007(5):36-42.Fan F,Zhang N,Zhang Q G,et al..Effects of fertilizer application on the yield of fresh forage and nutrient content of Aohan alfalfa[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2007(5):36-42.
[7]金晶炜,范富,熊俊芬,等.氮、磷、钾肥互作效应与紫花苜蓿产量的相关性研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2007(5):719-722.Jin J W,Fan F,Xiong J F,et al..Study on effect relationship between alfalfa's yields and interaction effect of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer[J].J.Yunnan Agric.Univ.,2007(5):719-722.
[8]杨恒山,曹敏建,李春龙,等.苜蓿施用磷、钾肥效应的研究[J].草业科学,2003(11):19-22.Yang H S,Cao M J,Li C L,et al..Effects of superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilization on alfalfa[J].Pratac.Sci.,2003(11):19-22.
[9]葛选良,杨恒山,刘晶,等.施磷水平对紫花苜蓿生长及草产量的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(5):509-513.Ge X L,Yang H S,Liu J,et al..Effects of phosphorus level on growth and hay yield of alfalfa[J].J.Inner Mongolia Univ.Nat.(Nat.Sci.),2009,24(5):509-513.
[10]孙浩.施磷对科尔沁沙地苜蓿产量和品质的影响[A].见:中国草学会第九次全国会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文集[C].中国草学会,2016,7.Sun H.Effect of phosphate fertilizer on yield and quality of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land[A].In:Proceedings of the Ninth National Congress of Chinese Grass Society and Symposium[C].Chinese Grass Society,2016,7.
[11]张玉霞,王显国,邰继承,等.不同微生境下科尔沁沙地苜蓿的生产性能[J].草原与草坪,2018,38(1):25-30.Zhang Y X,Wang X G,Tai J C,et al..Comparison of aromatic constituents in three peppermint materials[J].Grassland Turf,2018,38(1):25-30.
[12]姚瑶.不同施肥处理和干燥方式对紫花苜蓿生物学特性及营养成分的影响[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,硕士学位论文,2017.Yao Y.Effect of different fertilization and drying treatments on biological characteristics and nutritional ingredient of alfalfa[D].Shandong Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2017.
[13]卢宝安,韩师洪,张炜,等.不同施肥量与不同施肥次数对麻山药产量的影响[J].天津农林科技,2016(3):17-19.Lu B A,Han S H,Zhang W,et al..Effects of different amount of fertilizer and different times of fertilization on yield of Dioscorea[J].Sci.Technol.Tianjin Agric.For.,2016(3):17-19.
[14]Cherney J H,Duxbury J M.Inorganic nitrogen supply and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in alfalfa[J].J.Plant Nutr.,1994,17:2053-2067.
[15]张杰,贾志宽,韩清芳.不同养分对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007(4):121-125.Zhang J,Jia Z K,Han Q F.The effect of different fertilization on stem/leaf ratio and fw/dw ratio of alfalfa[J].Act.Agric.Boreali-Occident.Sin.,2007(4):121-125.
[16]Reters E J,Stritzke J F.Herbicides and nitrogen fertilization for the establishment of three varieties of spring-sown alfalfa[J].Agron.J.,1970,62:259-262.
[17]姜慧新,刘栋,翟桂玉,等.氮磷钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(9):1441-1445.Jiang H X,Liu D,Zhai G Y,et al..Effects of fertilizer combinations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the forage yield of Medicago sativa[J].Pratac.Sci.,2012,29(9):1441-1445.
[18]刘晓静,张进霞,李文卿,等.施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1516-1526.Liu X J,Zhang J X,Li W Q,et al..Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of Gansu[J].J.Desert Res.,2014,34(6):1516-1526.
[19]唐丽媛,李从锋,马玮,等.渐密种植条件下玉米植株形态特征及其相关性分析[J].作物学报,2012,38(8):1529-1537.Tang L Y,Li C F,Ma W,et al..Characteristics of plant morphological parameters and its correlation analysis in maize under planting with gradually increased density[J].Acta Agron.Sin.,2012,38(8):1529-1537.
[20]贾恒义,彭祥林.沙打旺、苜蓿对氮磷钾的效应[J].草业科学,1994,11(5):42-45.Jia H Y,Peng X L.Effects of Astragalus adsurgens and alfalfa on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium[J].Pratac.Sci.,1994,11(5):42-45.
[21]Nuttall W.Effect of N,P,and S fertilizers on alfalfa grown on three soil types in Northeastern Saskatchewan.I.Yield and soil tests[J].Agron.J.,1985,77(1):41-46.
[22]罗旭辉,黄水珍,谢善松,等.中亚热带区不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较[J].草原与草坪,2012,32(1):54-57.Luo X H,Huang S Z,Xie S S,et al..Comparison on production of different fall dormancy Medicago sativa varieties in central subtropical region in China[J].Grassland Turf,2012,32(1):54-57.
[23]马力,周鹏,安渊,等.非秋眠和半秋眠紫花苜蓿品种在华东冬闲田的生长规律和营养动态[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(5):38-45.Ma L,Zhou P,An Y,et al..Growth and nutrient dynamics of non-fall dormancy and semi-fall dormancy alfalfa cultivars in winter fallowland of Southeast China[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2014,36(5):38-45.
[24]单贵莲,薛世明,郭盼,等.刈割时期和调制方法对紫花苜蓿干草质量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):28-33.Shan G L,Xue S M,Guo P,et al..Effect of cutting stage and drying method on hay quality of alfalfa[J].Chin.J.Grassland,2012,34(3):28-33.
[25]刘艳楠,刘晓静,张晓磊,等.施肥与刈割对不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):69-73.Liu Y N,Liu X J,Zhang X L,et al..Effect of clipping and fertilization on production performance of different alfalfa varieties[J].Grassland Turf,2013,33(3):69-73.
[26]徐畅.不同土壤条件下紫花苜蓿牧草产量构成因子的比较分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,硕士学位论文,2017.Xu C.Comparative analysis of alfalfa yield components in different soil conditions[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,Master Dissertation,2017.
[27]Rumbough M D.Effects of population density on some components of yield of alfalfa[J].Crop Sci.,1963,3(5):423-424.
[28]韩路.不同苜蓿品种的生产性能分析及评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,硕士学位论文,2002.Han L.Analysis and evaluation of the productive power of the diverse alfalfa varieties[D].Shaanxi Yangling:Northwest A&F University,Master Dissertation,2002.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |