水平井过热蒸汽循环预热井筒传热模拟
|
摘要
蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)被矿场实践证明是稠油开发的有效手段,为了在生产阶段获得满意的开发效果,矿场往往在正式开发前采取蒸汽循环预热的方式对近井地区进行加热。在预热阶段,由于近井地带稠油黏度为原始地层条件下的黏度,因此流动性很差,可以忽略蒸汽注入量。为了矿场应用方便,需要针对该物理过程进行建模,对井口操作参数进行优化,并对近井地带加热效果进行评估。基于质量、能量和动量守恒方程,建立了井筒内管流数学模型,并与地层中瞬态导热模型耦合,建立水平井SAGD井筒预热数学模型,并采用有限差分方法获得数值解。研究表明,当注汽压力过高时,过热蒸汽容易流入地层,降低循环热效率。随着过热蒸汽压力的升高,长油管和环形空间内过热蒸汽的温度升高。随着过热蒸汽压力的升高,长油管向环形空间的导热速率下降,而地层吸热速率不断升高。
The steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)has been proved effective in heavy oil recovery.In the field practice,the pre-steam circulating method is always adopted to obtain satisfactory oil recovery efficiency.During the pre-heating process,the amount of injected steam into reservoir can be neglected due to the poor mobility of heavy oil.It is needed to model the physical circulating process so that the optimal injection parameters at wellhead can be obtained,and the heating performance can be evaluated.Based on the mass,energy and momentum balance equations,a wellbore model is established.By coupling with the transient heat transfer model in formation,a comprehensive model is established.The model is solved with numerical methods.Results show that:the heating efficiency is reduced when more steam is injected into the reservoir;the temperature of superheated steam increases with rising of superheated steam pressure;the reservoir heat absorption rate increases with rising of superheated steam pressure.
The steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)has been proved effective in heavy oil recovery.In the field practice,the pre-steam circulating method is always adopted to obtain satisfactory oil recovery efficiency.During the pre-heating process,the amount of injected steam into reservoir can be neglected due to the poor mobility of heavy oil.It is needed to model the physical circulating process so that the optimal injection parameters at wellhead can be obtained,and the heating performance can be evaluated.Based on the mass,energy and momentum balance equations,a wellbore model is established.By coupling with the transient heat transfer model in formation,a comprehensive model is established.The model is solved with numerical methods.Results show that:the heating efficiency is reduced when more steam is injected into the reservoir;the temperature of superheated steam increases with rising of superheated steam pressure;the reservoir heat absorption rate increases with rising of superheated steam pressure.
引文
[1]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方.海上主副油管注过热蒸汽热损失等效算法探讨[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2017,25(2):15-18,24.
[2]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.海上非凝结气与过热蒸汽混注井筒传热特征研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(5):92-97.
[3]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.南堡油田注多元热流体吞吐水平井加热效果评价[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2017,25(1):5-8.
[4]Sun Fengrui,Yao Yuedong,Li Guozhen,et al.A numerical model for wet steam circulating in horizontal wellbores during starting stage of the steam-assistedgravity-drainage process[J].Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02564-7.
[5]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.热采水平井注多元热流体水平段传质传热模型[J].断块油气田,2017,24(2):259-263.
[6]孙逢瑞,李春兰,邹明,等.过热蒸汽吞吐直井产能预测模型[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2016,29(4):25-28.
[7]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井加热半径及产能预测模型[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):120-124.
[8]Satter A.Heat losses during flow of steam down a wellbore[J].Journal of Petroleum technology,1965,17(7):845-851.
[9]Hasan A R,Kabir C S.Two-phase flow in vertical and inclined annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1992,18(2):279-293.
[10]Cheng W L,Huang Y H,Lu D T,et al.A novel analytical transient heat conduction time function for heat transfer in steam injection wells considering the wellbore heat capacity[J].Energy,2011,36:4080-4088.
[11]Ni X F,Cheng L S,Li C L,et al.A new model for the steam properties in steam injection wells[J].Chin J Comput Phys,2005,22(3):251-255.
[12]Dong X H,Liu H Q,Zhang Z X,et al.The flow and heat transfer characteristics of multi-thermal fluid in horizontal wellbore coupled with flow in heavy oil reservoirs[J].J Petrol Sci Eng,2014,122:56-68.
[13]Emami-Meybodi H,Saripalli H K,Hassanzadeh H.Formation heating by steam circulation in a horizontal wellbore[J].Int J Heat Mass Transf,2014,78:986-992.
[14]Dong X H,Liu H Q,Hou J R,et al.Transient fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics during co-injection of steam and condensable gases in horizontal wells[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(2):105-114.
[15]Li M,Chen H,Zhang Y,et al.A coupled reservoir/wellbore model to simulate the steam injection performance of horizontal wells[J].Energy Technology,2015,3(5):535-542.
[16]Chen W J,Li M Z,Di Q F,et al.Numerical simulation of the outflow performance for horizontal wells with multiple steam injection values[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):696-704.
[17]Lin Riyi,Qi Shangchao,Shen Wenli,et al.Study on parameters of steam injection in SAGD circulating preheating section[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(1):134-141.
[18]Liu H Q.Principle and design of thermal oil recovery[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[19]Yuan E X.Engineering fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1982:87-163.
[20]Sun Fengrui,Yao Yuedong,Li Xiangfang,et al.Effect of friction work on key parameters of steam at different state in toe-point injection horizontal wellbores[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,164:655-662.
[21]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.过热型多元热流体平行双管流动特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(5):131-137.
[22]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.海上同心双管注过热型多元热流体井筒传热数值模拟[J].石油科学通报,2017,2(3):377-389.
[23]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.基于R-K-S方程的同心双管注多元热流体传热特征研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):107-114.
[24]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐水平井生产动态分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(1):83-86.
[25]孙逢瑞,黄世军,邹明.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井产能评价模型[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):122-125.
[26]孙逢瑞.稠油油藏过热蒸汽吞吐水平井产能预测模型[D].中国石油大学(北京),2016.
[27]孙逢瑞,黄世军,王岩,等.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井注采参数多因素正交试验研究[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2016,24(2):17-20.
[2]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.海上非凝结气与过热蒸汽混注井筒传热特征研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(5):92-97.
[3]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.南堡油田注多元热流体吞吐水平井加热效果评价[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2017,25(1):5-8.
[4]Sun Fengrui,Yao Yuedong,Li Guozhen,et al.A numerical model for wet steam circulating in horizontal wellbores during starting stage of the steam-assistedgravity-drainage process[J].Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02564-7.
[5]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.热采水平井注多元热流体水平段传质传热模型[J].断块油气田,2017,24(2):259-263.
[6]孙逢瑞,李春兰,邹明,等.过热蒸汽吞吐直井产能预测模型[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2016,29(4):25-28.
[7]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井加热半径及产能预测模型[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):120-124.
[8]Satter A.Heat losses during flow of steam down a wellbore[J].Journal of Petroleum technology,1965,17(7):845-851.
[9]Hasan A R,Kabir C S.Two-phase flow in vertical and inclined annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1992,18(2):279-293.
[10]Cheng W L,Huang Y H,Lu D T,et al.A novel analytical transient heat conduction time function for heat transfer in steam injection wells considering the wellbore heat capacity[J].Energy,2011,36:4080-4088.
[11]Ni X F,Cheng L S,Li C L,et al.A new model for the steam properties in steam injection wells[J].Chin J Comput Phys,2005,22(3):251-255.
[12]Dong X H,Liu H Q,Zhang Z X,et al.The flow and heat transfer characteristics of multi-thermal fluid in horizontal wellbore coupled with flow in heavy oil reservoirs[J].J Petrol Sci Eng,2014,122:56-68.
[13]Emami-Meybodi H,Saripalli H K,Hassanzadeh H.Formation heating by steam circulation in a horizontal wellbore[J].Int J Heat Mass Transf,2014,78:986-992.
[14]Dong X H,Liu H Q,Hou J R,et al.Transient fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics during co-injection of steam and condensable gases in horizontal wells[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(2):105-114.
[15]Li M,Chen H,Zhang Y,et al.A coupled reservoir/wellbore model to simulate the steam injection performance of horizontal wells[J].Energy Technology,2015,3(5):535-542.
[16]Chen W J,Li M Z,Di Q F,et al.Numerical simulation of the outflow performance for horizontal wells with multiple steam injection values[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):696-704.
[17]Lin Riyi,Qi Shangchao,Shen Wenli,et al.Study on parameters of steam injection in SAGD circulating preheating section[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(1):134-141.
[18]Liu H Q.Principle and design of thermal oil recovery[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[19]Yuan E X.Engineering fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1982:87-163.
[20]Sun Fengrui,Yao Yuedong,Li Xiangfang,et al.Effect of friction work on key parameters of steam at different state in toe-point injection horizontal wellbores[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,164:655-662.
[21]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.过热型多元热流体平行双管流动特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(5):131-137.
[22]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.海上同心双管注过热型多元热流体井筒传热数值模拟[J].石油科学通报,2017,2(3):377-389.
[23]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.基于R-K-S方程的同心双管注多元热流体传热特征研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):107-114.
[24]孙逢瑞,姚约东,李相方,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐水平井生产动态分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(1):83-86.
[25]孙逢瑞,黄世军,邹明.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井产能评价模型[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(3):122-125.
[26]孙逢瑞.稠油油藏过热蒸汽吞吐水平井产能预测模型[D].中国石油大学(北京),2016.
[27]孙逢瑞,黄世军,王岩,等.过热蒸汽吞吐水平井注采参数多因素正交试验研究[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2016,24(2):17-20.