基于近景摄影测量的径流冲刷条件下冻融坡面侵蚀产沙过程
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摘要
为研究冻融坡面径流冲刷条件下侵蚀产沙过程,采用2个坡度(10°,15°)、3个流量(3,6,9 L/min)、2个起始解冻深度(6,12 cm)组合进行野外冲刷试验,结合近景摄影测量技术分析不同解冻深度、不同坡度和不同流量条件下的产沙量,运用线性回归方程对近景摄影测量值和实测值进行拟合。结果表明:起始解冻深度和坡度相同条件下,冻融坡面的土壤侵蚀产沙量随着径流量和坡度的增大而增大;随着时间推移,产沙量越来越小。在流量和坡度相同时,随着初始解冻深度的增大,坡面产沙量也逐渐增大;在流量和解冻深度相同时,随着坡度的增大,坡面产沙量也逐渐增大。当流量、解冻深度和坡度最大时,坡面侵蚀产沙量达到最大。坡面产沙量实测值与近景摄影测量对比分析得到误差平均精度为90.67%,近景摄影测量技术可以在冻融条件下土壤侵蚀监测中应用。
Freezing-thawing is one of the main external forces of soil and water loss on slopes during spring thawing period. In order to study the erosion and sediment yield process under the condition of runoff scouring on frozen-thawed slopes, two slope gradients(10, 15 degrees), three flow rates(3, 6, 9 L/min) and two initial thawing depths(6, 12 cm) were used to carry out field scouring tests with close-range photography. The sediment yield under different thawing depths, slopes and discharge conditions was analyzed by measuring technique. The close-range photogrammetric measurements and measured values were fitted by linear regression equation. The results showed that under the same conditions of initial thaw depth and slope, the soil erosion and sediment yield on the freeze-thaw slope increased with the increase of flow and slope; with the passage of time, the sediment yield would be smaller and smaller. At the same flow and gradient, the sediment yield increased with the initial thaw depth. When the flow rate and thaw depth were the same, the sediment yield increased with the increase of slope. When the discharge, thaw depth and slope were the largest, the erosion and sediment yield on the slope reached the maximum. Compared with the close range photogrammetry, the average error of the measured sediment yield was 90.67%. The close range photogrammetry technology can be applied to soil erosion monitoring under freeze-thaw conditions.
Freezing-thawing is one of the main external forces of soil and water loss on slopes during spring thawing period. In order to study the erosion and sediment yield process under the condition of runoff scouring on frozen-thawed slopes, two slope gradients(10, 15 degrees), three flow rates(3, 6, 9 L/min) and two initial thawing depths(6, 12 cm) were used to carry out field scouring tests with close-range photography. The sediment yield under different thawing depths, slopes and discharge conditions was analyzed by measuring technique. The close-range photogrammetric measurements and measured values were fitted by linear regression equation. The results showed that under the same conditions of initial thaw depth and slope, the soil erosion and sediment yield on the freeze-thaw slope increased with the increase of flow and slope; with the passage of time, the sediment yield would be smaller and smaller. At the same flow and gradient, the sediment yield increased with the initial thaw depth. When the flow rate and thaw depth were the same, the sediment yield increased with the increase of slope. When the discharge, thaw depth and slope were the largest, the erosion and sediment yield on the slope reached the maximum. Compared with the close range photogrammetry, the average error of the measured sediment yield was 90.67%. The close range photogrammetry technology can be applied to soil erosion monitoring under freeze-thaw conditions.
引文
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[3] 李占斌,李社新,任宗萍,等.冻融作用对坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):56-60.
[4] 刘彦辰,王瑄,周丽丽,等.冻融坡面土壤剥蚀率主要影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):1-5.
[5] 尚佰晓,王莉,王瑄,等.坡面土壤剥蚀率及其与水流含沙量的关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(2):28-31.
[6] 王飞超,任宗萍,李鹏,等.模拟降雨下冻融作用对坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):72-75.
[7] 王成亮.基于普通数码影像的近景摄影测量技术研究与应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[8] 张祖勋.数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J].地理信息世界,2004,6(3):1-5.
[9] 张祖勋,杨生春,张剑清,等.多基线—数字近景摄影测量[J].地理空间信息,2007,2(1):1-4.
[10] 李振涛,许妙忠.数字近景摄影测量在古建筑物重建中的应用研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2007,32(4):8-10.
[11] 栾有昆.基于数码相机的地面摄影测量在水电工程中的应用[J].水利水电测绘,2006(4):26-27.
[12] 宋月君,黄炎和,杨洁,等.近景摄影测量在土壤侵蚀监测中的应用[J].测绘科学,2016,41(6):80-83.
[13] 杨建英,祁有祥,赵廷宁,等.基于侵蚀针和近景摄影测量的侵蚀速率测定方法试验研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(3):90-94.
[14] 王秀美,贺跃光,曾卓乔.数字化近景摄影测量系统在滑坡监测中的应用[J].测绘通报,2002(2):28-30.
[15] Farid E, Masood V, Hamid E. Displacement measurement of the soil nail walls by using close range photogrammetry and introduction of CPDA method[J].Measurement,2013,46(9):2-5.
[16] Kerstent, Maashg G. Photogrammetric 3-Dpoint determination for dam monitoring[J].Optical3-D Measurement Techniques,1995,14(10):161-168.
[17] 程效军,许诚权,周行泉.基于PhotoModeler scanner的普通数码相机快速检校研究[J].遥感信息,2011(4):80-84.
[18] 冯文灏.近景摄影测量的基本技术提要[J].测绘科学,2000,12(4):26-30.
[19] 冯文灏.关于近景摄影机检校的几个问题[J].测绘通报,2000(10):1-3.
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