条块并存的环境分权对环保技术扩散的影响
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摘要
环保技术的扩散程度直接关系到环境治理的最终效果,而环保技术作为一种具有一定正外部性的准公共品,其扩散离不开政府的推动。我国长期推行的条块并存的双向环境分权管理体制对环保技术扩散存在着怎样的影响?下一步的环境管理体制改革应如何调整?基于此,文章从条块并存双向分权的角度分析了环境分权对环保技术扩散的影响并提出了理论假说,同时选取中国30个省级地区2004—2016年的面板数据,采用偏线性可加面板模型实证检验了我国环境分权管理体制对环保技术扩散的影响,并对实证结果稳健性进行了参数检验和非线性检验。研究发现,代表"条领导"的环境纵向分权对清洁生产技术和末端治理技术扩散的影响均呈现倒U形结构,合理划分的环境纵向分权可以促进环保技术的扩散;同时,代表"块领导"的环境横向分权对两种环保技术扩散的影响均呈现U形结构。要促进环保技术的扩散,需要地方政府对环境横向分权进行统筹,强化省以下区域环保的横向分权,这也从理论上支持了中央2016年推行省以下环保监督部门垂直管理的合理性。不同环保技术的扩散对环境规制的敏感性也存在差异。此外,研究还发现,企业税收负担、企业技术类型、投资开放度、出口依存度、城镇化以及市场化水平对不同类型环保技术的扩散都存在着一定的影响,最后提出针对性政策建议。
The diffusion degree of environmental protection technology is directly related to the final effect of environmental governance,and as a quasi-public product with certain positive externalities,its diffusion cannot be separated from the government's promotion. What is the influence of the bidirectional environmental decentralization management system that has been implemented for a long time in China on the technology diffusion of environmental protection? How should the future environmental management system reform be adjusted? Based on this,from the perspective of two-way decentralization( strip and block coexistence),this paper analyzes the effect of environmental decentralization on the spread of environmental technology diffusion and puts forward the theoretical hypothesis. At the same time,the panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016 were selected,the influence of China's environmental decentralization on environmental protection technology diffusion was empirically tested using the partial linear additive panel model,and the robustness of the empirical results was tested by parameter test and nonlinear test. It is found that vertical environmental decentralization,which represents ‘strip governance',has an inverted U-shaped influence on the clean production technology and end-treatment technology. A reasonable division of vertical environmental decentralization can promote the technology diffusion of environmental protection. Meanwhile,horizontal environmental decentralization,which represents‘block governance',has a U-shaped influence on the above technology. To promote the technology diffusion of environmental protection,coordination of local governments is required in order to strengthen horizontal decentralization in below-provincial regions,which theoretically supports the central government's implementation of vertical management of environmental protection supervision departments in below-provincial regions in 2016. The sensitivity of different technology diffusion toward environmental governance varies. Besides,empirical result was analyzed from the perspective of marginal effect. In addition,it is also found that the tax burden of enterprises,technology types,openness to investment,export dependency,urbanization and marketization levels have a certain impact on the diffusion of different types of environmental protection technologies. Policy recommendations are proposed in the end.
The diffusion degree of environmental protection technology is directly related to the final effect of environmental governance,and as a quasi-public product with certain positive externalities,its diffusion cannot be separated from the government's promotion. What is the influence of the bidirectional environmental decentralization management system that has been implemented for a long time in China on the technology diffusion of environmental protection? How should the future environmental management system reform be adjusted? Based on this,from the perspective of two-way decentralization( strip and block coexistence),this paper analyzes the effect of environmental decentralization on the spread of environmental technology diffusion and puts forward the theoretical hypothesis. At the same time,the panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016 were selected,the influence of China's environmental decentralization on environmental protection technology diffusion was empirically tested using the partial linear additive panel model,and the robustness of the empirical results was tested by parameter test and nonlinear test. It is found that vertical environmental decentralization,which represents ‘strip governance',has an inverted U-shaped influence on the clean production technology and end-treatment technology. A reasonable division of vertical environmental decentralization can promote the technology diffusion of environmental protection. Meanwhile,horizontal environmental decentralization,which represents‘block governance',has a U-shaped influence on the above technology. To promote the technology diffusion of environmental protection,coordination of local governments is required in order to strengthen horizontal decentralization in below-provincial regions,which theoretically supports the central government's implementation of vertical management of environmental protection supervision departments in below-provincial regions in 2016. The sensitivity of different technology diffusion toward environmental governance varies. Besides,empirical result was analyzed from the perspective of marginal effect. In addition,it is also found that the tax burden of enterprises,technology types,openness to investment,export dependency,urbanization and marketization levels have a certain impact on the diffusion of different types of environmental protection technologies. Policy recommendations are proposed in the end.
引文
[1]孙丽文,曹璐,吕静韦.基于DPSIR模型的工业绿色转型评价研究---以河北省为例[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(4):120-127.
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[3]赵成.论我国环境管理体制中存在的主要问题及其完善[J].中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(2):38-43.
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[7]祁毓,卢洪友,徐彦坤.中国环境分权体制改革研究:制度变迁、数量测算与效应评估[J].中国工业经济,2014(1):31-43.
[8]白俊红,聂亮.环境分权是否真的加剧了雾霾污染?[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(12):59-69.
[9]顾海波.中国环境技术扩散的法律激励机制探析[J].科技进步与对策,2005(8):69-71.
[10]董阳.环境监管对环境技术发展水平的影响---聚焦环境监管下的环境技术创新与扩散[J].中国科技论坛,2017(11):51-62.
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[15]周力,应瑞瑶.外商直接投资与工业污染[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2009,19(2):42-50.
[16]MONTALVO C.General wisdom concerning the factors affecting the adoption of cleaner technologies:a survey 1990-2007[J].Journal of cleaner production,2008,16:7-13.
[17]汪利平,于秀玲.清洁生产和末端治理的发展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(S1):428-431.
[18]陈媛媛.工业集聚对行业清洁生产与末端治理的影响[J].南方经济,2011(5):17-27.
[19]景维民,张璐.环境管制、对外开放与中国工业的绿色技术进步[J].经济研究,2014,49(9):34-47.
[20]李婉红.排污费制度驱动绿色技术创新的空间计量检验---以29个省域制造业为例[J].科研管理,2015,36(6):1-9.
[21]李春磊.技术溢出、技术扩散的非线性与全球风险资本的发展创新[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(6):15-17.
[22]ABDALLH A A,ABUGAMOS H.A semi-parametric panel data analysis on the urbanisation-carbon emissions nexus for the Mena countries[J].Renewable&sustainable energy reviews,2017,78:1350-1356.
[23]AI C,YOU J,ZHOU Y.Estimation of fixed effects panel data partially linear additive regression models[J].Econometrics journal,2014,17:83-106.
[24]康达华,李郁芳.科技进步对央地政府间环评审批事权划分的影响---基于1997-2013年省级面板数据[J].财经论丛,2016(9):101-110.
[25]陆远权,张德钢.环境分权、市场分割与碳排放[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):107-115.
[26]张华,丰超,刘贯春.中国式环境联邦主义:环境分权对碳排放的影响研究[J].财经研究,2017,43(9):33-49.
[27]陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究,2018,53(2):20-34.
[28]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数---各地区市场化相对进程2011年报告[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011:56-80.
[29]王小鲁,樊纲,余静文.中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:1-27.
[2]李瑞昌.政府间网络治理:垂直管理部门与地方政府间关系研究[M].上海:复旦出版社,2012.
[3]赵成.论我国环境管理体制中存在的主要问题及其完善[J].中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(2):38-43.
[4]孙畅.地方环境监察监测执法垂直管理体制改革:利弊争论与改革方向[J].中国行政管理,2016(12):13-17.
[5]刘洋,万玉秋,缪旭波,等.关于我国环境保护垂直管理问题的探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(11):201-204.
[6]杜俊涛,陈雨,宋马林.财政分权、环境规制与绿色全要素生产率[J].科学决策,2017(9):65-92.
[7]祁毓,卢洪友,徐彦坤.中国环境分权体制改革研究:制度变迁、数量测算与效应评估[J].中国工业经济,2014(1):31-43.
[8]白俊红,聂亮.环境分权是否真的加剧了雾霾污染?[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(12):59-69.
[9]顾海波.中国环境技术扩散的法律激励机制探析[J].科技进步与对策,2005(8):69-71.
[10]董阳.环境监管对环境技术发展水平的影响---聚焦环境监管下的环境技术创新与扩散[J].中国科技论坛,2017(11):51-62.
[11]郭红燕,韩立岩.外商直接投资、环境管制与环境污染[J].国际贸易问题,2008(8):111-118.
[12]VEEN R A,VAN D,KASMIRE J,et al.Combined heat and power in Dutch greenhouses:a case study of technology diffusion[J].Energy policy,2015,87:8-16.
[13]ALBORNOZ F,COLE M A,ELLIOTT R J R,et al.In search of environmental spillovers[J].World economy,2009,32:136-163.
[14]KHORASANIZADEH H,HONARPOUR A,PARK S A,et al.Adoption factors of cleaner production technology in a developing country:energy efficient lighting in Malaysia[J].Journal of cleaner production,2016,131:97-106.
[15]周力,应瑞瑶.外商直接投资与工业污染[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2009,19(2):42-50.
[16]MONTALVO C.General wisdom concerning the factors affecting the adoption of cleaner technologies:a survey 1990-2007[J].Journal of cleaner production,2008,16:7-13.
[17]汪利平,于秀玲.清洁生产和末端治理的发展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(S1):428-431.
[18]陈媛媛.工业集聚对行业清洁生产与末端治理的影响[J].南方经济,2011(5):17-27.
[19]景维民,张璐.环境管制、对外开放与中国工业的绿色技术进步[J].经济研究,2014,49(9):34-47.
[20]李婉红.排污费制度驱动绿色技术创新的空间计量检验---以29个省域制造业为例[J].科研管理,2015,36(6):1-9.
[21]李春磊.技术溢出、技术扩散的非线性与全球风险资本的发展创新[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(6):15-17.
[22]ABDALLH A A,ABUGAMOS H.A semi-parametric panel data analysis on the urbanisation-carbon emissions nexus for the Mena countries[J].Renewable&sustainable energy reviews,2017,78:1350-1356.
[23]AI C,YOU J,ZHOU Y.Estimation of fixed effects panel data partially linear additive regression models[J].Econometrics journal,2014,17:83-106.
[24]康达华,李郁芳.科技进步对央地政府间环评审批事权划分的影响---基于1997-2013年省级面板数据[J].财经论丛,2016(9):101-110.
[25]陆远权,张德钢.环境分权、市场分割与碳排放[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):107-115.
[26]张华,丰超,刘贯春.中国式环境联邦主义:环境分权对碳排放的影响研究[J].财经研究,2017,43(9):33-49.
[27]陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究,2018,53(2):20-34.
[28]樊纲,王小鲁,朱恒鹏.中国市场化指数---各地区市场化相对进程2011年报告[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011:56-80.
[29]王小鲁,樊纲,余静文.中国分省份市场化指数报告(2016)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:1-27.