典型天气条件下银川市城市规划前后大气环境评估因子的变化
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摘要
采用南京大学的区域边界层模式(RBLM),利用银川国家气象基准站地面和探空观测数据,对银川市一年四季3种典型风速天气条件下城市规划前后大气环境进行模拟,分析评估规划前后城市大气环境影响评估因子的变化。结果表明,银川市规划前冬季一般风和大风情景下不舒适程度强的区域明显大于小风情景,但小风情景下在西夏公园、宝湖公园和丽景湖公园3个区域周围寒冷程度明显强于其他区域;春季3种情景都在较为舒适以上,但一般风情景舒适度更高,小风、大风情景舒适度相对较差;夏季3种情景大部分区域都较为舒适,尤其一般风舒适度高的区域明显大于小风和大风;秋季一般风舒适度最好,其次是大风,小风相对较低。规划后3种典型天气条件下,冬夏两季原为极不舒适的区域范围扩大,很不舒适的区域范围缩小;春秋两季原为最舒适的区域面积缩小,较为舒适的区域面积扩大。整体来看,银川市城市规划后热岛面积减小,小风区面积增大,舒适度变差,大气环境综合评估结果略差于规划前。建议规划部门在制定新的规划方案时要构建城市通风廊道,增大城市风速;同时继续增加水体、绿地面积,进一步降低城市热岛面积。
Using regional boundary layer model(RBLM) developed by Nanjing University, the high altitude data, the ground observation data of Yinchuan national reference climatological station, the atmospheric environment of Yinchuan city before and after planning is simulated. In the three typical wind speed conditions, changes in the atmospheric environmental impact assessment factors of Yinchuan city before and after planning is analyzed. The results show that before planning, the uncomfortable area of general wind and strong wind are significantly greater than that of small wind. In small wind scenario, it is colder in Baohu park, Lijin park and Xixia park. In the spring, it is comfortable in the above three scenarios,but in general wind, it is in a higher comfort level. In the high wind scene, the comfort level is relatively poor. In the summer, it is much more comfortable in these three scenarios. Especially under the general wind,the comfortable area is significantly greater than that under small wind and strong wind. In the autumn, the comfort level is the best under general wind, followed by the strong wind. And in small wind,the comfort level is relatively low. After planning,under the above three scenarios compared with the original, the extremely comfortable area is expanded and the very uncomfortable area range is narrowed in the winter and summer. The most comfortable area is narrowed and the more comfortable part is expanded in the spring and autumn. On the whole, the comfort level after planning is slightly worse than before, and the heat island area is less after planning with less small wind area. The atmospheric environment comprehensive evaluation results is worse after planning. It is suggested that the planning department should construct urban ventilation corridor to increase urban wind speed when making new plan. At the same time,the area of water bodies and green areas should be increased continuously, and the area of urban hot islands should be reduced further.
Using regional boundary layer model(RBLM) developed by Nanjing University, the high altitude data, the ground observation data of Yinchuan national reference climatological station, the atmospheric environment of Yinchuan city before and after planning is simulated. In the three typical wind speed conditions, changes in the atmospheric environmental impact assessment factors of Yinchuan city before and after planning is analyzed. The results show that before planning, the uncomfortable area of general wind and strong wind are significantly greater than that of small wind. In small wind scenario, it is colder in Baohu park, Lijin park and Xixia park. In the spring, it is comfortable in the above three scenarios,but in general wind, it is in a higher comfort level. In the high wind scene, the comfort level is relatively poor. In the summer, it is much more comfortable in these three scenarios. Especially under the general wind,the comfortable area is significantly greater than that under small wind and strong wind. In the autumn, the comfort level is the best under general wind, followed by the strong wind. And in small wind,the comfort level is relatively low. After planning,under the above three scenarios compared with the original, the extremely comfortable area is expanded and the very uncomfortable area range is narrowed in the winter and summer. The most comfortable area is narrowed and the more comfortable part is expanded in the spring and autumn. On the whole, the comfort level after planning is slightly worse than before, and the heat island area is less after planning with less small wind area. The atmospheric environment comprehensive evaluation results is worse after planning. It is suggested that the planning department should construct urban ventilation corridor to increase urban wind speed when making new plan. At the same time,the area of water bodies and green areas should be increased continuously, and the area of urban hot islands should be reduced further.
引文
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[4]王晓云,汪光焘,陈鲜艳,等.珠江三角洲城镇群发展规划与大气环境研究[J].城市规划,2005,29(12):29-32.
[5]程宸,房小怡,王信,等.基于多元资料的成都市2049远景发展战略规划气候可行性论证[J].气象科学,2019,47(1):116-123.
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[7]张居平.银川市城市规划可持续发展探析[J].宁夏工程技术,2004,3(3):279-281.