UV-B辐射对葡萄叶片中酚类物质含量及显微结构的影响
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摘要
【目的】探索UV-B辐射对葡萄叶片中酚类物质含量及叶片显微结构的影响,为UV-B辐射在葡萄生产中的应用提供参考。【方法】以2年生欧亚种葡萄‘红巴拉多'为材料,设置添加UV-B光源处理,以同环境下无UV-B光源处理的葡萄为对照,每天定期照射8 h,为期18 d,每2 d随机采集新梢上、下部成熟叶片测定黄烷醇及单体酚含量,并利用透射显微镜观察叶片的亚显微结构。【结果】在UV-B处理后的第2～14天,葡萄叶片中的黄烷醇含量较对照增加5%～60%,且二者差异均达显著水平;试验期间,葡萄叶片中的黄酮类物质含量总体呈下降趋势,除第4,12,14和18天以处理组显著高于对照组外,其余均以对照组显著高于处理组;相对于对照组,UV-B辐射处理葡萄叶片中表儿茶素含量表现出持续增高趋势,而桑色素含量有所下降。透射显微镜观察发现,UV-B处理葡萄叶片叶肉细胞的中央大液泡内陷,并分解为若干小液泡,内含物基本消失,有的形成吞噬泡;叶绿素形状发生扭曲,被膜模糊或消失,基粒垛叠的片层变少且排列稀疏紊乱,严重者基粒片层和基质片层膨胀,形成空泡;嗜锇颗粒体积增大、淀粉粒被降解。【结论】UV-B辐射能够在叶片不同部位不均衡地增加葡萄叶片中的酚类物质含量及次级代谢物种类,并且可以改变膜系统的稳定性。
【Objective】 This study explored the effect of UV-B radiation on phenolic content and leaf microstructure of grape leaves to provide reference for application of UV-B radiation in grape production.【Method】 Two-year-old ‘Hongbaladuo' grape plants were treated with UV-B light using no UV-B light treatment in the same environment as control.The light was irradiated on a regular basis for 8 hours per day for a total of 18 days.The upper and bottom mature leaves from shoots were randomly collected every 2 days.The contents of flavanols and monomeric phenols in the leaves were measured and the sub-cellar structure of the leaves was observed using a transmission microscope.【Result】 In the 2 nd to 14 th days after UV-B treatment,the content of flavanols in grape leaves increased by 5%-60% compared with the control group with significant difference.The content of flavonoids in grape leaves decreased gradually.The treatment group was significantly higher than the control group except for the 4 th,12 th,14 th and 18 th days,while the control group was significantly higher than the treatment group in the other days.Compared with the control group,the epicatechin content of grape leaves under UV-B radiation treatment showed a continuous rising trend,while the content of morin dropped.Transmission microscopy showed that after the UV-B treatment,the central vacuoles of mesophyll cells of leaves were invaded and decomposed into several small vacuoles.The contents of vacuoles disappeared and some formed phagosomes.The shape of chlorophyll was distorted,the film blurred or disappeared,and the lamellae presented rarefaction and disorder.In severe cases,the lamellae and matrix sheets swelled and formed vacuoles.The osmophilic granules increased in size and starch granules were degraded.【Conclusion】 UV-B radiation can increase the contents of phenols compounds and secondary metabolites in different parts of leaves differently,and can change the stability of membrane system.
【Objective】 This study explored the effect of UV-B radiation on phenolic content and leaf microstructure of grape leaves to provide reference for application of UV-B radiation in grape production.【Method】 Two-year-old ‘Hongbaladuo' grape plants were treated with UV-B light using no UV-B light treatment in the same environment as control.The light was irradiated on a regular basis for 8 hours per day for a total of 18 days.The upper and bottom mature leaves from shoots were randomly collected every 2 days.The contents of flavanols and monomeric phenols in the leaves were measured and the sub-cellar structure of the leaves was observed using a transmission microscope.【Result】 In the 2 nd to 14 th days after UV-B treatment,the content of flavanols in grape leaves increased by 5%-60% compared with the control group with significant difference.The content of flavonoids in grape leaves decreased gradually.The treatment group was significantly higher than the control group except for the 4 th,12 th,14 th and 18 th days,while the control group was significantly higher than the treatment group in the other days.Compared with the control group,the epicatechin content of grape leaves under UV-B radiation treatment showed a continuous rising trend,while the content of morin dropped.Transmission microscopy showed that after the UV-B treatment,the central vacuoles of mesophyll cells of leaves were invaded and decomposed into several small vacuoles.The contents of vacuoles disappeared and some formed phagosomes.The shape of chlorophyll was distorted,the film blurred or disappeared,and the lamellae presented rarefaction and disorder.In severe cases,the lamellae and matrix sheets swelled and formed vacuoles.The osmophilic granules increased in size and starch granules were degraded.【Conclusion】 UV-B radiation can increase the contents of phenols compounds and secondary metabolites in different parts of leaves differently,and can change the stability of membrane system.
引文
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[14] Xu C,Sullivan J H,Garrett W M,et al.Impact of solar ultraviolet-B on the proteome in soybean lines differing in flavonoid contents. [J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,63(1):39-48.
[15] Riquelme A,Wellmann E,Pinto M.Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under nitrogen deficiency [J].Environmental & Experimental Botany,2007,60(3):360-367.
[16] Bidel L,Chomicki G,Bonini F,et al.Dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues under different UV-B regimes in Centella asiatica(Apiaceae) [J].Planta,2015,242(3):545-559.
[17] Schreiner M,Martínez-Abaigar J,Glaab J,et al.UV-B induced secondary plant metabolites [J].Optik & Photonik,2014,9(2):34-37.
[18] 郑敏娜.15种禾草的生态生理特性和叶片超微结构对水分胁迫的响应 [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009. Zheng M N.Responses of ecophysiological characteristics and leaf ultrastructure to water stress in 15 grass species [J].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.
[19] 时向东,方圆,杨双剑,等.烤烟叶片发育过程中的组织学和细胞学研究 [J].烟草科技,2009(7):48-60. Shi X D,Fang Y,Yang S J,et al.Research on histology and cytology of developing flue-cured tobacco leaves [J].Journal of Tobacco Science and Technology,2009(7):48-60.
[20] 张华,翁梦苓,梁志敏,等.烟草腺毛发育过程中叶绿体形态学研究 [J].西北植物学报,2008,28(8):1592-1595. Zhang H,Weng M L,Liang Z M,et al.Research on morphology of chloroplast of developing tobacco glandular hairs [J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2008,28(8):1592-1595.
[2] Tevini M,Thoma U,Iwanzik W.Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on germination,seedling growth,leaf anatomy and pigments of some crop plants [J].Zeitschrift Für Pflanzenphysiologie,1983,109(5):435-448.
[3] Kakani V G,Reddy K R,Zhao D,et al.Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) morphology and anatomy [J].Ann Bot,2003,91(7):817-826.
[4] 朱素琴,徐向明,陈章和,等.UV-B辐射对几种木本植物幼苗生长和叶绿体超微结构的影响 [J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(3):235-244. Zhu S Q,Xu X M,Chen Z H,et al.Effects of UV-B radiation on seedling growth and chloroplast ultrastructure changes in some woody plants [J].Journal of Tropical & Subtropical Botany,2002,10(3):235-244.
[5] Yang J,Timothye M,Liu R H.Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of wine grapes [J].Food Chemistry,2009,116(1):332-339.
[6] Bonghi C,Rizzini F M,Gambuti A,et al.Phenol compound metabolism and gene expression in the skin of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries subjected to partial postharvest dehydration [J].Postharvest Biology & Technology,2012,67:102-109.
[7] Li H J,Zhou X M,Zhang W Q.Effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in the leaves of grapevine [J].Agricultural Science and Technology,2011,12:1849-1852.
[8] Margarita C,Avelinafernández G,Peter B,et al.Extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins assisted by high hydrostatic pressure [J].Journal of Food Engineering,2009,90(4):415-421.
[9] Morais H,Ramos C,Forgasc E,et al.Stability of anthocyanins extracted from grape skins [J].Chromatographia,2002,56(1):173-175.
[10] Li Y,Tanner G,Larkin P.The DMACA-HCl protocol and the threshold proanthocyanidin content for bloat safety in forage legumes [J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,2015,70(1):89-101.
[11] 李杨昕.玫瑰香葡萄酚类物质动态变化及抗氧化活性 [D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2007. Li Y X.Developments of phenols and its antioxidants activity of Muscat [D].Tai'an,Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2007.
[12] 成宇峰.葡萄与葡萄酒单体酚分析测定方法的研究 [D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008. Cheng Y F.Research on the method of analysis and determination of free phenols in vine and wine [D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2008.
[13] 张海丽.过量表达Lsi1增强水稻抗UV-B辐射机制的初步研究 [D].福州:福建农林大学,2009. Zhang H L.Reliminary study on the mechanism of overexpression low silicon rice gene 1 (Lsil) to enhance rice UV-B resisitance [D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009.
[14] Xu C,Sullivan J H,Garrett W M,et al.Impact of solar ultraviolet-B on the proteome in soybean lines differing in flavonoid contents. [J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,63(1):39-48.
[15] Riquelme A,Wellmann E,Pinto M.Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown under nitrogen deficiency [J].Environmental & Experimental Botany,2007,60(3):360-367.
[16] Bidel L,Chomicki G,Bonini F,et al.Dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues under different UV-B regimes in Centella asiatica(Apiaceae) [J].Planta,2015,242(3):545-559.
[17] Schreiner M,Martínez-Abaigar J,Glaab J,et al.UV-B induced secondary plant metabolites [J].Optik & Photonik,2014,9(2):34-37.
[18] 郑敏娜.15种禾草的生态生理特性和叶片超微结构对水分胁迫的响应 [D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009. Zheng M N.Responses of ecophysiological characteristics and leaf ultrastructure to water stress in 15 grass species [J].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009.
[19] 时向东,方圆,杨双剑,等.烤烟叶片发育过程中的组织学和细胞学研究 [J].烟草科技,2009(7):48-60. Shi X D,Fang Y,Yang S J,et al.Research on histology and cytology of developing flue-cured tobacco leaves [J].Journal of Tobacco Science and Technology,2009(7):48-60.
[20] 张华,翁梦苓,梁志敏,等.烟草腺毛发育过程中叶绿体形态学研究 [J].西北植物学报,2008,28(8):1592-1595. Zhang H,Weng M L,Liang Z M,et al.Research on morphology of chloroplast of developing tobacco glandular hairs [J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2008,28(8):1592-1595.