45钢激光相变硬化和感应加热表面淬火硬化后的组织和性能
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摘要
采用光学显微镜、电化学工作站和力学性能测试等对45钢在激光相变硬化和感应加热表面淬火两种不同淬火方法下的淬硬层组织、导电性能、耐腐蚀性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:经过激光相变硬化处理过的45钢试样导热性要低于感应加热表面淬火试样,而经过表面淬火处理的试样导热性明显低于未经过处理的试样;在相同扫描速度4 mm/s下,感应加热表面淬火试样的淬硬层深度远大于激光相变硬化试样的淬硬层深度,淬硬层组织分布相对弥散,马氏体转化率较低,激光相变硬化试样淬硬层组织晶粒相对细小,淬硬层较薄,转化马氏体组织较为均匀;同时激光相变硬化试样的腐蚀程度小于感应加热表面淬火试样,而感应加热表面淬火试样腐蚀后的硬度值及强度不如前者,总体而言,激光相变硬化试样的淬火效果要优于感应加热表面淬火试样的淬火效果。
Microstructure of hardened layer, conductivity and corrosion resistance of 45 steel after laser transformation hardening and induction heating surface hardening were compared and analyzed by means of optical microscope, electrochemical workstation and mechanical property test. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the 45 steel treated by laser transformation hardening is lower than that of induction heating surface hardening, but the thermal conductivity of the surface quenched sample is obviously lower than that of untreated specimen. At the same scanning rate of 4 mm/s, the hardened layer depth of the induction heating surface hardening sample is much deeper than that of the laser transformation hardening specimen, the microstructure distribution of hardened layer of the induction heating surface hardening sample is relatively dispersed, the martensite conversion rate is lower, and the microstructure of hardened layer of the laser transformation hardening specimen is relatively fine, the hardened layer is thinner, the microstructure of transformed martensite is more uniform. At the same time, the corrosion degree of the laser transformation hardening specimen is smaller than that of the induction heating surface hardening specimen, but the hardness and strength of the induction heating surface hardening sample after corrosion are lower than that of the laser transformation hardening specimen. In general, the quenching effect of the laser transformation hardening specimen is better than that of the induction heating surface hardening sample.
Microstructure of hardened layer, conductivity and corrosion resistance of 45 steel after laser transformation hardening and induction heating surface hardening were compared and analyzed by means of optical microscope, electrochemical workstation and mechanical property test. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the 45 steel treated by laser transformation hardening is lower than that of induction heating surface hardening, but the thermal conductivity of the surface quenched sample is obviously lower than that of untreated specimen. At the same scanning rate of 4 mm/s, the hardened layer depth of the induction heating surface hardening sample is much deeper than that of the laser transformation hardening specimen, the microstructure distribution of hardened layer of the induction heating surface hardening sample is relatively dispersed, the martensite conversion rate is lower, and the microstructure of hardened layer of the laser transformation hardening specimen is relatively fine, the hardened layer is thinner, the microstructure of transformed martensite is more uniform. At the same time, the corrosion degree of the laser transformation hardening specimen is smaller than that of the induction heating surface hardening specimen, but the hardness and strength of the induction heating surface hardening sample after corrosion are lower than that of the laser transformation hardening specimen. In general, the quenching effect of the laser transformation hardening specimen is better than that of the induction heating surface hardening sample.
引文
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[2] Shang H M.On the width and depth of hardened zones during laser transformation hardening of tool steels[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1990,23(1):65-72.
[3] Rowshan R,Baán M K.Laser transformation hardening of different steels and 3D modeling of their temperature distribution[J].Materials Science Forum,2005,473/474:399-406.
[4] 邱星武,李刚,邱玲,等.激光相变硬化技术综述[J].钢铁技术,2008(6):27-30.QIU Xing-wu,LI Gang,QIU Ling,et al.Review of laser phase change hardening technology[J].Iron and Steel Technology,2008 (6):27-30.
[5] Lei S,Yan Y,Li H,et al.Numerical simulation of residual stress field in laser transformation hardening for GCr15 steel components and experimental study[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,538/541(26):1897-1903.
[6] Lei S,Ren J M,Shi C,et al.Impact toughness and fracture mechanism of the surface laser hardened components of 45 steel[J].Laser and Optoelectronics Progress,2014(52):1-5.
[7] 吴华春,李名尧.激光相变硬化在模具表面处理中的应用现状[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(2):146-147.WU Hua-chun,LI Ming-yao.The application of laser phase change hardening in the surface treatment of mold[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40 (2):146-147.
[8] 范文娟.45钢渗Zr合金层摩擦磨损性能及电化学性能研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2015.FAN Wen-juan.45 steel infiltrated Zr alloy layer friction and wear properties and electrochemical properties[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2015.
[9] 郭火明,王文健,刘腾飞,等.激光相变硬化对轮轨钢磨损性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(5):166-170.GUO Huo-ming,WANG Wen-jian,LIU Teng-fei,et al.Effect of laser phase change hardening on wear properties of wheel rail steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2014,35 (5):166-170.
[10] 曹鑫源,罗奎林,陆永浩,等.激光焊接速度对焊缝组织和硬度分布的影响[J].工程科学学报,2015,37(6):714-720.CAO Xin-yuan,LUO Kui-lin,LU Yong-hao,et al.Effect of laser welding speed on microstructure and hardness distribution of welds[J].Journal of Engineering Science,2015(6):714-720.
[11] 王小勇,苏航,潘涛,等.淬火工艺对含B低合金超厚钢板淬透性能的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2013,35(11):1478-1484.WANG Xiao-yong,SU Hang,PAN Tao,et al.Effect of quenching process on hardenability of B-containing low alloy super-thick steel sheets[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2013,35(11):1478-1484.
[12] 刘钊鹏.船用大功率柴油机缸套激光表面淬火工艺研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2016.LIU Zhao-peng.Study on the laser surface quenching of marine diesel engine cylinder liner[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,2016.
[13] 汪刘应,刘顾,黄国鹏,等.微弧等离子45钢表面淬火硬化层性能分析[J].焊接学报,2009,30(6):92-94.WANG Liu-ying,LIU Gu,HUANG Guo-peng,et al.Analysis on the performance of surface hardening hardening layer of microarc plasma 45 steel[J].Journal of Welding,2009,30 (6):92-94.
[14] 李世龙.基于微观组织演变的亚热成形中控制冷却技术基础研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.LI Shi-long.Basic research on controlled cooling technology in sub thermal forming based on microstructural evolution[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[15] 黄小光.腐蚀疲劳点蚀演化与裂纹扩展机理研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.HUANG Xiao-guang.Mechanism of corrosion fatigue pitting evolution and crack propagation[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[16] 郭广文,马惠霞,张健,等.高碳钢的热物性与显微组织的关系[J].理化检验-物理分册,2006,42(4):167-170.GUO Guang-wen,MA Hui-xia,ZHANG Jian,et al.The relationship between thermal properties and microstructure of high carbon steel[J].Physical chemical test-physical classification,2006,42 (4):167-170.