居民公共休闲空间公平感和幸福感认知的影响因素——以杭州市为例
|
摘要
运用主成分回归和多变量相关分析揭示了休闲公平感与幸福感的影响因素。以杭州为例,分析了居民公共休闲公平、幸福认知的空间分异和内在关联。结果显示:休闲空间公平感存在民主性、弥补性、比照性三个公平维度;休闲空间幸福感有基本生活幸福、社会幸福、情感幸福三个层次;休闲公平感是不同社会群体及其休闲幸福认知形成的调节变量,主城区和乡村居民的"补偿性公平感"是其休闲生活幸福认知的直接影响因素,而新城、郊县居民则主要受"比照性休闲公平"、"民主性公平"等认知的影响;休闲公平认知与幸福认知在城乡层面呈现块状分化,但非简单的城乡二元特征,传统的城乡均衡供给并不利于公共休闲空间社会效用的发挥。据此认为,公共休闲空间配置应考虑城乡公共休闲文化的差异性,以增进社会幸福感为核心目标,采取差异化的公共休闲空间规制政策。
Using the methods of Principal Component Regression and Multivariate Correlation Analysis,this essay explores the influencing factors of leisure equity sense and happiness. Taking Hangzhou for example,this essay analyzes the residents' public leisure equity,happiness recognization and their relation. The results show that: Residents' Equity Sense toward public leisure spaces exists three equity dimensions; The Happiness Sense contains fundamental,social and emotional dimensions; Equity Sense is proved to be a regulated variable for the Happiness Sense,and specifically,the sense of complementary equity has a direct influence on leisure happiness for downtown and countryside residents; The sense of comparative equity become an influential factor for the suburban residents. Thus,governments should consider of the cultural disparity in the allocation of public leisure spaces for different regions to put forward differential public leisure spatial planning policies.
Using the methods of Principal Component Regression and Multivariate Correlation Analysis,this essay explores the influencing factors of leisure equity sense and happiness. Taking Hangzhou for example,this essay analyzes the residents' public leisure equity,happiness recognization and their relation. The results show that: Residents' Equity Sense toward public leisure spaces exists three equity dimensions; The Happiness Sense contains fundamental,social and emotional dimensions; Equity Sense is proved to be a regulated variable for the Happiness Sense,and specifically,the sense of complementary equity has a direct influence on leisure happiness for downtown and countryside residents; The sense of comparative equity become an influential factor for the suburban residents. Thus,governments should consider of the cultural disparity in the allocation of public leisure spaces for different regions to put forward differential public leisure spatial planning policies.
引文
[1]马克思·韦伯著,顾忠华译.社会学的基本概念[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008:11
[2]张海霞.社会政策之于公共游憩供给:兼议政府作为的空间载体[J].旅游学刊,2010(9):20-26
[3]Soja E.W.Seeking Spatial Justice[M].Minneapolis(U.S.):University of Minnesota Press,2010:14-15
[4]亨利·列斐伏尔著,李春译.空间与政治[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2015:99-111
[5]唐子来,顾姝.上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价:从地域公平到社会公平[J].城市规划学刊,2015(2):48-56
[6]OECD.Measuring Leisure in OECD Countries:OECD Social Indicators[C].Society at a Glance.[A].2011:19-49
[7]Vikas M.Evaluating public space[J].Journal of Urban Design,2014(1):53-88
[8]韩增林,李彬,张坤领.中国城乡基本公共服务均等化及其空间格局分析[J].地理研究,2015(11):2035-2048
[9]张婧,李诚固.中国转型期中心城市城乡关系的演变[J].地理学报,2012(8):1021-1030
[10]李骏,吴晓刚.收入不平等与公平分配:对转型期中国城镇居民公平观的一项实证分析[J].中国社会科学,2012(3):114-128,207
[11]Neutens T.,Schwanen.T,Witlox F.et al.Social equity of public service delivery:a comparison of different accessibility measures[J].Environment and Planning,2010(7):1631-1635
[12]约翰·罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001:50-71
[13]Nyaupane G.P.,Graefe A.R.,Burns R.C.Understanding equity in the recreation user fee context[J].Leisure Sciences,2007(5):425-442
[14]Bengston D.N.,Fan D.P.Trends and attitudes toward the recreation fee demonstration program on the national forests:a computer content analysis approach[J].Journal of Park and Recreation Administration,2001(4):1-21
[15]Manning,R.E.Studies in outdoor recreation:search and research for satisfaction[M].Corvallis(U.S.):Oregon State University Press,1999:22-23
[16]Dahmann N.,Wolch J.,Joassart-Marcelli P.,et al.The active city?disparity in provision of urban public recreation resources[J].Health&Place,2010(3):431-455
[17]诺曼·巴里著,诸建国译.福利[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2005:78-99
[18]谭学文,吴国宝.福祉框架下时间利用研究进展[J].经济学动态,2014(7):25-34
[19]李强.社会分层与社会空间领域的公平、公正[J].中国人民大学学报,2012(1):2-9
[20]Wang,M.,Wong,M.C.Leisure and happiness in the United States:evidence from survey data[J].Apllied Economics Letters,2011(18):1813-1816
[21]More,T.A.Do user fees exclude low-income people from resource-based recreation?[J].Journal of Leisure Research,2000(9):341-357
[22]Karla A.H.The imperative of leisure justice research[J].Leisure Sciences,2014(4):340-348
[23]Ester C.,Eva L.How socio-economic status contributes to participation in leisure-time physical activity[J].Social Science&Medicine,2008(12):2596-2609
[24]翁定军.阶级或阶层意识中的心理因素:公平感和态度倾向[J].社会学研究,2010(1):85-110
[25]张海霞,周玲强.城市居民公园游憩幸福感的因素构成与差异分析---以杭州市为例[J].地理科学,2013(9):1074-1081
[26]闰丙金.收入、社会阶层认同与主观幸福感---中国城乡二元结构的实证[J].统计研究,2012(10):64-72
[27]Liu H.M,Walker G.J.The Effects of Urbanization,Motivation,and Constraint on Chinese People’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity[J].Leisure Sciences,2015(5):458-478
[28]Hair J.F.,Black W.C.,Babin B.J,et al.Multivariate data analysis:a global perspective[M].New Jersey(USA):Prentice Hall,2010:105
[29]Peters K.Being Together in urban parks:connecting public space,leisure,and diversity[J].Leisure Sciences,2010(5):418-433
(1)本文中的感知指客观事物通过感觉器官产生的直觉反应。本文中的认知指在感知基础上形成的对客观事物的理解。
(2)有学者根据所有权的不同将公共空间界定为非私人或组织所有,且向公众开放的空间。也有学者根据进入性和利用情况的差异,主张公共空间是向公众开放的空间。本文中的公共休闲空间特指由政府供给、面向公众开放的休闲空间。
[2]张海霞.社会政策之于公共游憩供给:兼议政府作为的空间载体[J].旅游学刊,2010(9):20-26
[3]Soja E.W.Seeking Spatial Justice[M].Minneapolis(U.S.):University of Minnesota Press,2010:14-15
[4]亨利·列斐伏尔著,李春译.空间与政治[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2015:99-111
[5]唐子来,顾姝.上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价:从地域公平到社会公平[J].城市规划学刊,2015(2):48-56
[6]OECD.Measuring Leisure in OECD Countries:OECD Social Indicators[C].Society at a Glance.[A].2011:19-49
[7]Vikas M.Evaluating public space[J].Journal of Urban Design,2014(1):53-88
[8]韩增林,李彬,张坤领.中国城乡基本公共服务均等化及其空间格局分析[J].地理研究,2015(11):2035-2048
[9]张婧,李诚固.中国转型期中心城市城乡关系的演变[J].地理学报,2012(8):1021-1030
[10]李骏,吴晓刚.收入不平等与公平分配:对转型期中国城镇居民公平观的一项实证分析[J].中国社会科学,2012(3):114-128,207
[11]Neutens T.,Schwanen.T,Witlox F.et al.Social equity of public service delivery:a comparison of different accessibility measures[J].Environment and Planning,2010(7):1631-1635
[12]约翰·罗尔斯著,何怀宏等译.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001:50-71
[13]Nyaupane G.P.,Graefe A.R.,Burns R.C.Understanding equity in the recreation user fee context[J].Leisure Sciences,2007(5):425-442
[14]Bengston D.N.,Fan D.P.Trends and attitudes toward the recreation fee demonstration program on the national forests:a computer content analysis approach[J].Journal of Park and Recreation Administration,2001(4):1-21
[15]Manning,R.E.Studies in outdoor recreation:search and research for satisfaction[M].Corvallis(U.S.):Oregon State University Press,1999:22-23
[16]Dahmann N.,Wolch J.,Joassart-Marcelli P.,et al.The active city?disparity in provision of urban public recreation resources[J].Health&Place,2010(3):431-455
[17]诺曼·巴里著,诸建国译.福利[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2005:78-99
[18]谭学文,吴国宝.福祉框架下时间利用研究进展[J].经济学动态,2014(7):25-34
[19]李强.社会分层与社会空间领域的公平、公正[J].中国人民大学学报,2012(1):2-9
[20]Wang,M.,Wong,M.C.Leisure and happiness in the United States:evidence from survey data[J].Apllied Economics Letters,2011(18):1813-1816
[21]More,T.A.Do user fees exclude low-income people from resource-based recreation?[J].Journal of Leisure Research,2000(9):341-357
[22]Karla A.H.The imperative of leisure justice research[J].Leisure Sciences,2014(4):340-348
[23]Ester C.,Eva L.How socio-economic status contributes to participation in leisure-time physical activity[J].Social Science&Medicine,2008(12):2596-2609
[24]翁定军.阶级或阶层意识中的心理因素:公平感和态度倾向[J].社会学研究,2010(1):85-110
[25]张海霞,周玲强.城市居民公园游憩幸福感的因素构成与差异分析---以杭州市为例[J].地理科学,2013(9):1074-1081
[26]闰丙金.收入、社会阶层认同与主观幸福感---中国城乡二元结构的实证[J].统计研究,2012(10):64-72
[27]Liu H.M,Walker G.J.The Effects of Urbanization,Motivation,and Constraint on Chinese People’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity[J].Leisure Sciences,2015(5):458-478
[28]Hair J.F.,Black W.C.,Babin B.J,et al.Multivariate data analysis:a global perspective[M].New Jersey(USA):Prentice Hall,2010:105
[29]Peters K.Being Together in urban parks:connecting public space,leisure,and diversity[J].Leisure Sciences,2010(5):418-433
(1)本文中的感知指客观事物通过感觉器官产生的直觉反应。本文中的认知指在感知基础上形成的对客观事物的理解。
(2)有学者根据所有权的不同将公共空间界定为非私人或组织所有,且向公众开放的空间。也有学者根据进入性和利用情况的差异,主张公共空间是向公众开放的空间。本文中的公共休闲空间特指由政府供给、面向公众开放的休闲空间。