机翼结冰过程中过冷水滴运动轨迹的数值研究
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摘要
为了掌握机翼不同形态下的过冷水滴运动轨迹,采用有限体积法求解欧拉方程,计算出翼型的外部流场参数,然后采用拉格朗日法、标准四步龙格-库塔格式计算模拟过冷水滴在流场中的运动轨迹.主要计算了NACA0012翼型的外部流场特性,分析在速度、温度、投放位置、推进时间间隔等因素不变的情况下,来流攻角和水滴直径对水滴轨迹的影响.结果表明,来流攻角不同,过冷水滴于上下翼面的撞击区明显不同;过冷水滴的直径越大,其在翼面的分布范围越广.
In order to understand the supercooled water droplet trajectory for different angle of attack, Euler equation is solved to simulate airflow field with finite volume scheme. And then the Lagrange method is used to establish the motion equation of supercooled water droplet; and the 4-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the supercooled water droplet trajectory equation. The effects of the droplet diameter and the angle of attack for droplet impingement property are investigated with the flight velocity, temperature, delivery location and interval. The results show that impact area of supercooled water droplets on the upper and lower aerofoil is discrepant for different angle of attack. The bigger the diameter of supercooled water droplets are, the wider the spread of water droplets are.
In order to understand the supercooled water droplet trajectory for different angle of attack, Euler equation is solved to simulate airflow field with finite volume scheme. And then the Lagrange method is used to establish the motion equation of supercooled water droplet; and the 4-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the supercooled water droplet trajectory equation. The effects of the droplet diameter and the angle of attack for droplet impingement property are investigated with the flight velocity, temperature, delivery location and interval. The results show that impact area of supercooled water droplets on the upper and lower aerofoil is discrepant for different angle of attack. The bigger the diameter of supercooled water droplets are, the wider the spread of water droplets are.
引文
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[14] 陈维建,张大林.瘤状冰结冰过程的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(3):472-476. Chen Weijian, Zhang Dalin. Numerical simulation of glaze ice accretion process[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2005, 20(3): 472-476.
[15] 幺虹,宁义君.发动机进气流量对前缘水滴撞击特性的影响[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报,2016,38(6):645-650. Yao Hong, Ning Yijun. Effect of air inflow of engine on impingement characteristics of water droplets at leading edge[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, 2016, 38(6): 645-650.
[16] 刘学强,伍贻兆.基于混合网格上的高温非平衡流的数值模拟[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005,37(2):155-158. Liu Xueqiang, Wu Yizhao. Simulation of hypersonic non-equilibrium flow using hybrid grids[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2005,37(2):155-158.
[17] 张强,高正红,傅林. 非结构网格在积冰数值模拟中的应用[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011,26(5):977-983. Zhang Qiang, Gao Zhenghong, Fu Lin. Application of unstructured grids in numerically simulating ice accretion[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011,26(5):977-983.
[2] 徐忠达,苏媛,曹义华.平尾积冰对飞机纵向气动参数的影响[J].航空学报,2013,34(7):1563-1571. Xu Zhongda, Su Yuan, Cao Yihua. Effects of tailplane icing on aircraft longitudinal aerodynamic parameters[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2013, 34(7):1563-1571.
[3] Buck R N. Aircraft Icing[M]. Safty Advisors, 2002.
[4] 钟国,曹义华.多翼段积冰的数值模拟及防冰预测[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(1):36-40. Zhong Guo, Cao Yihua. Numerical simulation of ice accretion on multiple element airfoil and prediction on anti-ice situation[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011,37(1):36-40.
[5] 卜雪琴,林贵平. 基于CFD的水收集系数及防冰表面温度预测[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(10):3810-3813. Bu Xueqin, Lin Guipin. Predictions of collection efficiency and anti-icing surface temperature[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(10):3810-3813.
[6] 曹广州,吉洪湖,胡娅萍,等. 模拟飞机迎风面三维积冰的数学模型[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011,26(9): 1953-1963. Cao Guangzhou, Ji Honghu, Hu Yapin, et al. An icing model for simulating three dimensional ice accretion on the upwind surfaces of a plane[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(9):1953-1963.
[7] 李鑫,白俊强,王昆. 机翼积冰数值模拟[J]. 航空动力学报,2013,28(12):2663-2670. Li Xin, Bai Junqiang, Wang Kun. Numerical simulation of ice accretions on aircraft wing[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(12):2663-2670.
[8] 李鑫,白俊强,王昆,等. 欧拉两相流法在翼型积冰中的应用[J]. 中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2014,44(3):258-266. Li Xin, Bai Junqiang, Wang Kun, et al. The application of Eulerian two-phase flow method in airfoil ice accretion[J]. Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica, 2014, 44(3):258-266.
[9] 周悦,周月华,牛生杰,等.云中积冰过程微物理参量演变规律的数值模拟[J]. 大气科学学报,2014,37(4):441-448. Zhou Yue, Zhou Yuehua, Niu Shengjie, et al. Numerical simulations of microphysical properties evolution of the in-cloud icing process[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2014, 37(4):441-448.
[10] 王梓旭.关于飞机结冰的水滴撞击特性计算与结冰相似准则研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2008. Wang Zixu. Numerical simulation of droplet impact characteristic about aircraft icing and study on icing scaling law[D]. Mianyang: China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, 2008.
[11] 闵现花.结冰条件下过冷水滴撞击特性及热平衡分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010. Min Xianhua. Supercooled water droplet impingerment property and thermal balance analysis under the condition of icing[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2010.
[12] 杨倩,常士楠,袁修干. 水滴撞击特性的数值计算方法研究[J].航空学报,2002,23(2):173-176. Yang Qian, Chang Shinan, Yuan Xiugan. Study on numerical method for determining the droplet trajectories[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2002, 23(2):173-176.
[13] 张大林,杨曦,昂海松. 过冷水滴撞击结冰表面的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(1):87-91. Zhang Dalin, Yang Xi, Ang Haisong. Numerical simulation of supercooled water droplets impingement on icing surfaces[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2003 18(1): 87-91.
[14] 陈维建,张大林.瘤状冰结冰过程的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(3):472-476. Chen Weijian, Zhang Dalin. Numerical simulation of glaze ice accretion process[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2005, 20(3): 472-476.
[15] 幺虹,宁义君.发动机进气流量对前缘水滴撞击特性的影响[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报,2016,38(6):645-650. Yao Hong, Ning Yijun. Effect of air inflow of engine on impingement characteristics of water droplets at leading edge[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, 2016, 38(6): 645-650.
[16] 刘学强,伍贻兆.基于混合网格上的高温非平衡流的数值模拟[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005,37(2):155-158. Liu Xueqiang, Wu Yizhao. Simulation of hypersonic non-equilibrium flow using hybrid grids[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2005,37(2):155-158.
[17] 张强,高正红,傅林. 非结构网格在积冰数值模拟中的应用[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011,26(5):977-983. Zhang Qiang, Gao Zhenghong, Fu Lin. Application of unstructured grids in numerically simulating ice accretion[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011,26(5):977-983.