基于CloudSat卫星资料的青岛地区云特征研究
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摘要
利用2007——2010年CloudSat卫星资料,对青岛地区(35. 583°～37. 150°N,119. 050°～121. 000°E)云特征参量进行了统计分析。结果表明:单层云出现频率为39%左右,多层云主要以2层云为主,出现频率均为18%左右;月平均云量在64. 1%～77. 6%之间,从1月至12月呈递减趋势;卷云、高层云、高积云和层积云平均频率之和为86. 5%,其他类型的云出现的频率均不高;云水路径在4、5月和8、9月较大,分别达到了200 g·m~(-2)以上和350 g·m~(-2)以上;云液态有效粒子半径在6～16μm之间,春、夏、秋季高值区位于云体中部至上部;云冰晶有效粒子半径在20～120μm之间,高值区位于云体中部至底部;青岛南部,即近海区域云有效粒子半径和云水含量大于北部。
The parameters of cloud characteristics in Qingdao area( 35. 583 ～ 37. 150° N,119. 050 ～121. 000°E) are analyzed using the CloudSat 2B dataset from 2007 to 2010. The results show that the frequency of single-layer cloud is about 39% and multilayer cloud is mainly double-layer cloud whose frequency is about 18%; the monthly mean cloud fraction is between 64. 1% and 77. 6%,which shows a declining trend from January to December; the total average frequency of cirrus, altostratus,altocumulus,and stratocumulus is 86. 5%,while the frequencies of other types of cloud are all not high;the cloud water path is relatively large in April/May and August/September,reaching over 200 g·m~(-1) and 350 g·m~(-1),respectively; the effective particle radius of liquid cloud is between 6 and 16 μm and the high value area in spring,summer,and autumn is located from middle to upper part of the cloud; the effective particle radius of ice cloud is between 20 and 120 μm and the high value area is located from bottom to middle part of the cloud; furthermore,the cloud effective particle radius and cloud water content in the southern offshore areas are greater than those in the northern area of Qingdao.
The parameters of cloud characteristics in Qingdao area( 35. 583 ～ 37. 150° N,119. 050 ～121. 000°E) are analyzed using the CloudSat 2B dataset from 2007 to 2010. The results show that the frequency of single-layer cloud is about 39% and multilayer cloud is mainly double-layer cloud whose frequency is about 18%; the monthly mean cloud fraction is between 64. 1% and 77. 6%,which shows a declining trend from January to December; the total average frequency of cirrus, altostratus,altocumulus,and stratocumulus is 86. 5%,while the frequencies of other types of cloud are all not high;the cloud water path is relatively large in April/May and August/September,reaching over 200 g·m~(-1) and 350 g·m~(-1),respectively; the effective particle radius of liquid cloud is between 6 and 16 μm and the high value area in spring,summer,and autumn is located from middle to upper part of the cloud; the effective particle radius of ice cloud is between 20 and 120 μm and the high value area is located from bottom to middle part of the cloud; furthermore,the cloud effective particle radius and cloud water content in the southern offshore areas are greater than those in the northern area of Qingdao.
引文
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[36]PRUPPACHER H R,KLETT J D.Microphysics of clouds and precipitation[M].D Reidel Publishing Company,1978:448-463.
[37]邱玉珺,王宏奥.基于Cloud Sat/CALIPSO资料的我国北方2个区域云垂直分布差异研究[J].大气科学学报,2017,40(4):553-561.
[38]杨大生,王普才.中国地区夏季云粒子尺寸的时空分布特征[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(4):433-443.
[2]高星星,陈艳,张武.利用卫星资料对青藏高原地区空中云水资源的研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(6):756-763,770.
[3]赵健.山东人工影响天气工作发展回顾与思考[J].山东气象,2008,28(4):50-54.
[4]WEISZ E,LI J,MENZEL W P,et al.Comparison of AIRS,MODIS,Cloud Sat and CALIPSO cloud top height retrievals[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,34(17):251-270.
[5]KAHN B H,CHAHINE M T,STEPHENS G L,et al.Cloud type comparisons of AIRS,Cloud Sat,and CALIPSO cloud height and amount[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2008,8(5):1231-1248.
[6]STUBENRAUCH C J,CROS S,GUIGNARD A,et al.A6-year global cloud climatology from the Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder AIRS and a statistical analysis in synergy with CALIPSO and Cloud Sat[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2010,10(15):7197-7214.
[7]李跃清,张琪.西南地区夏季云量与降水的关系特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(3):441-453.
[8]陈勇航,黄建平,陈长和,等.西北地区空中云水资源的时空分布特征[J].高原气象,2005,24(6):905-912.
[9]李积明.结合主动和被动卫星遥感资料研究云的垂直分布特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[10]李积明,黄建平,衣育红,等.利用星载激光雷达资料研究东亚地区云垂直分布的统计特征[J].大气科学,2009,33(4):698-707.
[11]CHEN Y H,PENG K J,HUANG J P,et al.Seasonal and regional variability of cloud liquid water path in northwestern China derived from MODIS/CERESobservations[J].Int J Remote Sens,2010,31(4):1037-1042.
[12]李兴宇,郭学良,朱江.中国地区空中云水资源气候分布特征及变化趋势[J].大气科学,2008,32(5):1094-1106.
[13]LI J M,BI J R,HUANG J P,et al.Long-term variation of cloud droplet number concentrations from space-based Lidar[J].Remote Sens Environ,2018,213:144-161.
[14]LI J M,HUANG J P,STAMNES K,et al.A global survey of cloud overlap based on CALIPSO and Cloud Sat measurements[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2015,15(1):519-536.
[15]LI J M,YI Y H,MINNIS P,et al.Radiative effect differences between multi-layered and single-layer clouds derived from CERES,CALIPSO,and Cloud Sat data[J].J Quant Spectrosc Ra,2010,112(2):361-375.
[16]LI J M,WALISER D E,CHEN W T,et al.An observationally based evaluation of cloud ice water in CMIP3 and CMIP5 GCMs and contemporary reanalyses using contemporary satellite data[J].J Geophys Res,2012,117(D16):16105-16130.
[17]SASSEN K,WANG Z E,LIU D.Global distribution of cirrus clouds from Cloud Sat/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO)measurements[J].J Geophys Res,2008,113(D20):D00A12.
[18]SASSEN K,WANG Z E.Classifying clouds around the globe with the Cloud Sat radar:1-year of results[J].Geophys Res Lett,2008,35(4):L04805.
[19]耿蓉,王雨,傅云飞,等.中国及其周边地区多种水凝物资料的气候态特征比较[J].气象学报,2018,76(1):134-147.
[20]周毓荃,赵姝慧.Cloud Sat卫星及其在天气和云观测分析中的应用[J].南京气象学院学报,2008(5):603-614.
[21]尚博,周毓荃,刘建朝,等.基于Cloud Sat的降水云和非降水云垂直特征[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(1):1-9.
[22]陈超,孟辉,靳瑞军,等.基于Cloud Sat云分类资料的华北地区云宏观特征分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(2):294-301.
[23]赵阳,赵增亮,姚志刚,等.基于卫星云分类资料的顶层云宏观特征研究[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2017,34(1):1-7.
[24]王帅辉,韩志刚,姚志刚.基于Cloud Sat和ISCCP资料的中国及周边地区云量分布的对比分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(4):767-779.
[25]杨大生,王普才.中国地区夏季6~8月云水含量的垂直分布特征[J].大气科学,2012,36(1):89-101.
[26]杨冰韵,张华,彭杰,等.利用Cloud Sat卫星资料分析云微物理和光学性质的分布特征[J].高原气象,2014,33(4):1105-1118.
[27]霍娟.基于Cloud Sat/CALIPSO资料的海陆上空中云的物理属性分析[J].气候与环境研究,2015,20(1):30-40.
[28]ROSSOW W B,WALKER A W,GARDER L C.Comparison of ISCCP and other cloud amounts[J].JClimate,1993,6(12):2394-2418.
[29]ROSSOW W B,GARDER L C.Validation of ISCCPcloud detections[J].J Climate,1993,6(12):2370-2393.
[30]陈超,郭晓军,邱晓斌,等.中国华北地区云垂直结构及云水含量卫星遥感研究[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(5):159-164.
[31]曹越前,张武,药静宇,等.半干旱区云量变化特征及其与太阳辐射关系的研究[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):684-693.
[32]范娟,朱泽伟,蔡佳熙,等.1959-2005年我国冬季和夏季区域气温与日照、云量的相关分析[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(3):211-216.
[33]朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等.天气学原理和方法[M].4版.北京:气象出版社,2007:81,575.
[34]洪光,周庆满,林滋新.青岛地区大气中水汽含量及水汽输送的研究[J].海岸工程,1990,9(1):76-79.
[35]HALLETT J,MOSSOP S C.Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process[J].Nature,1974,249(5452):26-28.
[36]PRUPPACHER H R,KLETT J D.Microphysics of clouds and precipitation[M].D Reidel Publishing Company,1978:448-463.
[37]邱玉珺,王宏奥.基于Cloud Sat/CALIPSO资料的我国北方2个区域云垂直分布差异研究[J].大气科学学报,2017,40(4):553-561.
[38]杨大生,王普才.中国地区夏季云粒子尺寸的时空分布特征[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(4):433-443.