滇西北衙斑岩型金多金属矿床成矿流体特征及其演化
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摘要
北衙超大型金多金属矿床位于扬子陆块西缘与三江特提斯造山带的结合部位。本文通过对北衙矿区内的斑岩体石英斑晶、斑岩型矿化、矽卡岩矿化中的矽卡岩及外围似层状热液型铅锌银矿化的岩(矿)石中发育的流体包裹体进行了系统研究,发现北衙矿区内主要发育CO2、富CO2、含CO2、含子矿物三相、富气相水溶液及气液两相水溶液包裹体六类流体包裹体;与斑岩型矿化有关的成矿流体为中-高温Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液,矽卡岩矿化相关成矿流体为一种高温的Na Cl-H2O及Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液,而外围似层状铅锌银矿化相关的成矿流体则为中温的Na Cl-H2O-CO2体系热液。对比分析表明,矽卡岩矿化中的矽卡岩矿物(以绿帘石类矿物为主)形成较早,其中发育富气相的流体包裹体,可以推断岩浆侵位后先分异出富水蒸气的流体,此后CO2才从成矿流体中大量分异。斑岩型矿化及外围地层中似层状铅锌银矿化脉体中发育的流体包裹体与斑岩体石英斑晶内发育的流体包裹体组合类型基本一致,表明成矿流体主要来自斑岩体结晶分异出的岩浆热液。流体包裹体研究表明,北衙金多金属矿区内的矽卡岩型(金铜铁)、斑岩型(铜金钼)及外围碳酸盐岩等地层中的似层状热液型(铅锌银)矿床系列为与富碱斑岩体侵位活动有关的,由岩浆分异热液并逐渐演化形成的斑岩型金-铁铜-铅锌(银)多金属成矿系统。
The Beiya super-large gold deposit is located in the junction zone of the ‘Sanjiang'Tethys orogenic belt and Yangtze plate in SW China. This systematic study on fluid inclusion developed in the quartz phenocryst of porphyries and mainly mineralization( i. e. porphyry-,skarn-,and layer-like epithermal-) occur in the Beiya deposit indicate that there are six types of fluid inclusions exist in the study area named: Ⅰ CO2 fluid inclusions; Ⅱ CO2-rich fluid inclusions; Ⅲ CO2-bearing fluid inclusions; Ⅳ halite-bearing three-phase fluid inclusions; Ⅴ vapor-rich fluid inclusions and Ⅵ aqueous two-phase fluid inclusions; the ore forming fluids responsible for the formations of porphyry-, skarn-, and layer-like polymetallic epithermal-mineralizaion are medium to high temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 type solutions,high temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 with Na Cl-H2 O type solutions and medium temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 type solutions respectively. The presence of vapor-rich fluid inclusions in the skarn demonstrates that vapor-rich ore forming fluids were differentiated from magma after the emplacement of the porphyries,and then came to the abundant of fluids rich in CO2. The fact that the groups of fluid inclusions in the porphyry-and layer-like polymetallic epithermal veins are almost the same to the ones in the quartz phenocrysts of porphyries indicates that the ore forming fluids related to the two types of mineralization came from the magmatic hydrothermal which differentiated from the central porphyries. This fluid inclusion study also illustrates that the three main types of mineralization resulted from the evolution of the ore forming fluids differentiated from the magma which produced the alkalinerich porphyries in Beiya constitute a porphyry Au-Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic metallogenic system.
The Beiya super-large gold deposit is located in the junction zone of the ‘Sanjiang'Tethys orogenic belt and Yangtze plate in SW China. This systematic study on fluid inclusion developed in the quartz phenocryst of porphyries and mainly mineralization( i. e. porphyry-,skarn-,and layer-like epithermal-) occur in the Beiya deposit indicate that there are six types of fluid inclusions exist in the study area named: Ⅰ CO2 fluid inclusions; Ⅱ CO2-rich fluid inclusions; Ⅲ CO2-bearing fluid inclusions; Ⅳ halite-bearing three-phase fluid inclusions; Ⅴ vapor-rich fluid inclusions and Ⅵ aqueous two-phase fluid inclusions; the ore forming fluids responsible for the formations of porphyry-, skarn-, and layer-like polymetallic epithermal-mineralizaion are medium to high temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 type solutions,high temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 with Na Cl-H2 O type solutions and medium temperature Na Cl-H2O-CO2 type solutions respectively. The presence of vapor-rich fluid inclusions in the skarn demonstrates that vapor-rich ore forming fluids were differentiated from magma after the emplacement of the porphyries,and then came to the abundant of fluids rich in CO2. The fact that the groups of fluid inclusions in the porphyry-and layer-like polymetallic epithermal veins are almost the same to the ones in the quartz phenocrysts of porphyries indicates that the ore forming fluids related to the two types of mineralization came from the magmatic hydrothermal which differentiated from the central porphyries. This fluid inclusion study also illustrates that the three main types of mineralization resulted from the evolution of the ore forming fluids differentiated from the magma which produced the alkalinerich porphyries in Beiya constitute a porphyry Au-Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic metallogenic system.
引文
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Deng J,Wang QF,Li GJ,Li CS and Wang CM.2014.Tethys tectonic evolution and its bearing on the distribution of important mineral deposits in the Sanjiang region,SW China.Gondwana Research,26(2):419-437
Deng J and Wang QF.2015.Gold mineralization in China:Metallogenic provinces,deposit types and tectonic framework.Gondwana Research,doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.003
Deng J,Wang QF,Li GJ,Hou ZQ,Jiang CZ and Danyushevsky L.2015.Geology and genesis of the giant Beiya porphyry-skarn gold deposit,northwestern Yangtze Block,China.Ore Geology Reviews,70:457-485
Dou S.2013.Mineralization and prospecting prediction of the Luping lead polymetallic deposits in Heqing,Yunnan,P.R.China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Changsha:Zhongnan University(in Chinese with English summary)
He WY,Yu XH,Mo XX,He ZH,Li Y,Huang XK and Su GS.2012.Genetic types and the relationship between alkali-rich intrusion and mineralization of Beiya gold-polymetallic ore field,western Yunnan Province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(5):1401-1412(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Hou ZQ,Ma HW,Zaw K,Zhang YQ,Wang MJ,Wang Z,Pan GT and Tang RL.2003.The Himalayan Yulong porphyry copper belt:Product of large-scale strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet.Economic Geology,98(1):125-145
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Wu KX,Hu RZ,Bi XW,Peng JT,Su WC and Chen L.2005.Study of the fluid inclusions in altered porphyres in the Beiya gold deposit,western Yunnan.J.Mineral.Petrol.,25(2):20-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu KX,Hu RZ,Bi XW and Peng JT.2010.An oxygen and carbon isotope study on the formation mode of calcite in Beiya gold deposit,West Yunnan Province,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,30(4):463-469(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Xu SM,Mo XX,Zeng PS,Zhang WH,Zhao HB and Zhao HD.2006.Characteristics and origin of alkali-rich porphyries from Beiya in western Yunnan.Geoscience,20(4):527-535(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu XW,Cai XP,Song BC,Zhang BL,Ying HL,Xiao QB and Wang J.2006.Petrologic,chronological and geochemistry characteristics and formation mechanism of alkaline porphyries in the Beiya gold district,western Yunnan.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(3):631-642(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu ZQ,Li HB and Yang JS.2006.An orogenic plateau:The orogenic collage and orogenic types of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):1-17(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue CD,Hou ZQ,Liu X,Yang ZM,Liu YQ and Hao BW.2008.Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Beiya gold-polymetallic ore district,northwestern Yunnan Province,China:Responses to IntoAsian collisional processes.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(3):457-472(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang LQ,Liu JT,Zhang C,Wang QF,Ge LS,Wang ZL,Zhang J and Gong QJ.2010.Superimposed orogenesis and metallogenesis:An example from the orogenic gold deposits in Ailaoshan gold belt,Southwest China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(6):1723-1739(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang LQ,Deng J,Zhao K and Liu JT.2011.Tectono-thermochronology and gold mineralization events of orogenic gold deposits in Ailaoshan orogenic belt,Southwest China:Geochronological constraints.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(9):2519-2532(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ying HL and Cai XP.2004.40Ar-39Ar datings of orthoclase and muscovite from alkali-rich porphyries in the Beiya mine,Yunnan.Chinese Journal of Geology,39(1):107-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
邓军,杨立强,葛良胜,袁士松,王庆飞,张静,龚庆杰,王长明.2010.滇西富碱斑岩型金成矿系统特征与变化保存.岩石学报,26(6):1633-1645
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Bi XW,Hu RZ,Mungall JE and Hanley JJ.2009.Mineral chemistry studies on crystallization conditions(T,P,fO2)of Cu-Au mineralized alkaline intrusions in Ailaoshan-Jinshajiang alkaline intrusion blet,western Yunnan,China.Mineralogy and Petrology,96:43-58
Deng J,Yang LQ,Ge LS,Yuan SS,Wang QF,Zhang J,Gong QJ and Wang CM.2010.Character and post-ore changes,modifications and preservation of Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry gold metallogenic system in western Yunnan,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(6):1633-1645(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng J,Wang CM and Li GJ.2012.Style and process of the superimposed mineralization in the Sanjiang Tethys.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(5):1349-1361(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng J,Wang QF,Li GJ,Li CS and Wang CM.2014.Tethys tectonic evolution and its bearing on the distribution of important mineral deposits in the Sanjiang region,SW China.Gondwana Research,26(2):419-437
Deng J and Wang QF.2015.Gold mineralization in China:Metallogenic provinces,deposit types and tectonic framework.Gondwana Research,doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.10.003
Deng J,Wang QF,Li GJ,Hou ZQ,Jiang CZ and Danyushevsky L.2015.Geology and genesis of the giant Beiya porphyry-skarn gold deposit,northwestern Yangtze Block,China.Ore Geology Reviews,70:457-485
Dou S.2013.Mineralization and prospecting prediction of the Luping lead polymetallic deposits in Heqing,Yunnan,P.R.China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Changsha:Zhongnan University(in Chinese with English summary)
He WY,Yu XH,Mo XX,He ZH,Li Y,Huang XK and Su GS.2012.Genetic types and the relationship between alkali-rich intrusion and mineralization of Beiya gold-polymetallic ore field,western Yunnan Province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(5):1401-1412(in Chinese with English abstract)
He WY,Mo XX,Yu XH,He ZH,Dong GC,Liu XB,Su GS and Huang XF.2013.Zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating for the Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in the western Yunnan Province and its geological significance.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(4):1301-1310(in Chinese with English abstract)
He ZH,Zhou YM,He WY,Su GS,Li WH and Yang SW.2013.Genetic types and metallogenic regularity of Beiya superlarge goldpolymetallic deposit,northwestern Yunnan.Mineral Deposits,32(2):244-258(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hou ZQ,Ma HW,Zaw K,Zhang YQ,Wang MJ,Wang Z,Pan GT and Tang RL.2003.The Himalayan Yulong porphyry copper belt:Product of large-scale strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet.Economic Geology,98(1):125-145
Li WC,Pan GT,Hou ZQ,Mo XX,Wang LQ and Ding J.2010.The Multi-Island-Basin-Collision-Orogenic Metallogenesis and Prospecting Technologies in“Sanjiang”Region,SW China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-491(in Chinese)
Li WC,Wang JH,He ZH and Dou S.2015.Formation of Aupolymetallic ore deposits in alkaline porphyries at Beiya,Yunnan,Southwest China.Ore Geology Reviews,doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.05.003
Liu B,Liu H,Zhang CQ,Mao ZH,Zhou YM,Huang H,He ZH and Su GS.2015.Geochemistry and geochronology of porphyries from the Beiya gold-polymetallic orefield,western Yunnan,China.Ore Geology Reviews,69,360-379
Liu BG,Lu DF and Cai XP.1999.Study on the Gold Deposits in the West of Yunnan and Sichuan Province,China.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1-241(in Chinese)
Liu JY.2004.Geological characteristics of lamprophyre and its prospecting significance of the Beiya gold deposit,Yunnan.Gold Geology,10(1):20-23(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu YJ,Kerrich R,Kemp AIS,Mccuaig TC,Hou ZQ,Hart CJR,Li ZX,Cawood PA,Bagas L,Yang ZM,Cliff J,Belousova EA,Jourdan Fand Evans NJ.2013.Intracontinental Eocene-Oligocene porphyry Cu mineral systems of Yunnan,western Yangtze craton,China:Compositional characteristics,sources,and implications for continental collision metallogeny.Economic Geology,108(7):1541-1576
Wu KX,Hu RZ,Bi XW,Peng JT,Su WC and Chen L.2005.Study of the fluid inclusions in altered porphyres in the Beiya gold deposit,western Yunnan.J.Mineral.Petrol.,25(2):20-26(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu KX,Hu RZ,Bi XW and Peng JT.2010.An oxygen and carbon isotope study on the formation mode of calcite in Beiya gold deposit,West Yunnan Province,China.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,30(4):463-469(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiao XN,Yu XH,Mo XX,Yang GL,Li Y and Huang XK.2009a.Astudy of fluid inclusions from Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in western Yunnan.Earth Science Frontiers,16(2):250-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiao XN,Yu XH,Mo XX,Yang GL,Li Y and Huang XK.2009b.Geochemistry,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating and origin of alkali-rich porphyries in Beiya area,north Erhai Lake,western Yunnan,China.Geological Bulletin of China,28(12):1786-1803(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiao XN,Yu XH,Mo XX,Li Y and Huang XK.2011.Geochemical characteristics of the metallogenesis in the gold-polymetallic deposit in Beiya,western Yunnan Province.Geology and Exploration,47(2):170-179(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu SM,Mo XX,Zeng PS,Zhang WH,Zhao HB and Zhao HD.2006.Characteristics and origin of alkali-rich porphyries from Beiya in western Yunnan.Geoscience,20(4):527-535(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu XW,Cai XP,Song BC,Zhang BL,Ying HL,Xiao QB and Wang J.2006.Petrologic,chronological and geochemistry characteristics and formation mechanism of alkaline porphyries in the Beiya gold district,western Yunnan.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(3):631-642(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu ZQ,Li HB and Yang JS.2006.An orogenic plateau:The orogenic collage and orogenic types of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):1-17(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue CD,Hou ZQ,Liu X,Yang ZM,Liu YQ and Hao BW.2008.Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Beiya gold-polymetallic ore district,northwestern Yunnan Province,China:Responses to IntoAsian collisional processes.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(3):457-472(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang LQ,Liu JT,Zhang C,Wang QF,Ge LS,Wang ZL,Zhang J and Gong QJ.2010.Superimposed orogenesis and metallogenesis:An example from the orogenic gold deposits in Ailaoshan gold belt,Southwest China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(6):1723-1739(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang LQ,Deng J,Zhao K and Liu JT.2011.Tectono-thermochronology and gold mineralization events of orogenic gold deposits in Ailaoshan orogenic belt,Southwest China:Geochronological constraints.Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(9):2519-2532(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ying HL and Cai XP.2004.40Ar-39Ar datings of orthoclase and muscovite from alkali-rich porphyries in the Beiya mine,Yunnan.Chinese Journal of Geology,39(1):107-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
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