某型航空活塞发动机排气门的对称烧蚀机理
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摘要
基于统计显示某型航空活塞发动机运行中出现的大量排气门烧蚀故障案例中烧蚀位置均基本呈两点对称分布在气门头部两侧的现象。通过测量排气门密封面附近气门体的实际运行温度,获取了该型发动机上气门运行温度与排气温度(EGT)之间的对应关系,进一步结合该型发动机的结构设计和实际运行环境分析了这种气门烧蚀点对称分布的机理。研究表明:气门偏摆引起气门密封面温度周向对称性分布不均和运行中过度调贫使气门密封面温度过高是排气门对称烧蚀的主要原因。据此提出以EGT为参照限制调贫幅度的方案,经70 000飞行小时实践验证表明故障得到了完全解决。
By measuring actual operating temperature of exhaust valve body near the valve sealing surface,the corresponding relationship between valve operating temperature and exhaust gas temperature(EGT)at this engine was obtained,and the mechanism of symmetrical distribution of valve ablation point was analyzed in combination with the engine structural design and actual operating environment.Results showed that the valve deflection led to uneven circumferential symmetry distribution of valve sealing surface temperature and the high temperature of valve sealing surface due to excessive leaning in operation,bringing about exhaust valve symmetrical ablation.Based on this,solution of limiting the leaning range in operation with EGT as reference was put forward,and the 70 000 flight hours practical test showed that the fault has been completely solved.
By measuring actual operating temperature of exhaust valve body near the valve sealing surface,the corresponding relationship between valve operating temperature and exhaust gas temperature(EGT)at this engine was obtained,and the mechanism of symmetrical distribution of valve ablation point was analyzed in combination with the engine structural design and actual operating environment.Results showed that the valve deflection led to uneven circumferential symmetry distribution of valve sealing surface temperature and the high temperature of valve sealing surface due to excessive leaning in operation,bringing about exhaust valve symmetrical ablation.Based on this,solution of limiting the leaning range in operation with EGT as reference was put forward,and the 70 000 flight hours practical test showed that the fault has been completely solved.
引文
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[21]傅瑜杭,彭樟林,陆军,等.基于ABQUSE的气门-座圈落座运动特性分析[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2017,46(6):36-40.FU Yuhang,PENG Zhanglin,LU Jun,et al.The dynamic characteristics analysis of valve crashing seat based on ABQUSE[J].Small Internal Combustion Engine and Vehicle Technique,2017,46(6):36-40.(in Chinese)
[22]黄华.基于导管间隙的气门偏摆落座特性的仿真系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.HUANG Hua.The study of simulation system of the valves eccentricity sitting features based on catheter gap[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[2]Ernst Greuter.Engine failure analysis-internal combustion engine failures and their causes[M].New York:SAE International,2012.
[3]肖永宁,潘克煜,韩国埏.内燃机热负荷和热强度[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[4]陈特銮.内燃机热强度[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991.
[5]JOHN S.Sky ranch engineering manual rev.2[M].Sacramento,USA:Sacramento Sky Ranch Incorporated Company,1991.
[6]Cirrus Design Corporation.Airplane maintenance manual for the cirrus design SR20(Reissue B6)[M].Duluth,US:Cirrus Design Corporation,2014.
[7]Garmin International incorporated company.Cirrus perspective line maintenance manual[M].Olathe,US:Garmin International Incorporated Company,2013.
[8]EGTrends Incorporated Company.EGView reference guide[N/OL].Redmond,US:EGTrends incorporated company,2016[2016-4-6].http:∥www.egtrends.com.
[9]Cirrus Design Corporation.Pilots operating handbook and FAA approved airplane flight manual for the cirrus design SR20[R].Duluth,US:Cirrus Design Corporation,2013.
[10]Continental Motors Incorporated.IO-360series engine maintenance and overhaul manual(supersedes X30594)[R].Fairhope,US:Continental Motors Incorporated Company,2016.
[11]李铁藩.金属高温氧化和热腐蚀[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[12]NEZHAD M M,SHOJAEEFARD M H,SHAHRAKI S.Studying the transient thermal contact conductance between the exhaust valve and its seat using the inverse method[J].International Journal of Thermophysics,2016,37(2):13-25.
[13]许良琼,胡仕成,李晓谦,等.传热界面真实接触面积计算与分析[J].机械工程与自动化,2007(6):1-3.XU Liangqiong,HU Shicheng,LI Xiaoqian,et al.Calculation and analysis of the real contact area of heat transfer interface[J].Mechanical Engineering and Automation,2007(6):1-3.(in Chinese)
[14]章熙民.传热学[M].6版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会.航空活塞式发动机燃料:GB1787-2018[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2018:2.
[16]李汝辉,吴一黄.活塞式航空动力装置[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[17]ABDOLLAHI H,SHAHRAKI S,MOTAHARI-NEZHADM.A review on the effects of different parameters on contact heat transfer[J].Thermophysics and Aeromechanics,2017,24(4):499-512.
[18]刘忠民,丁佳,李建锋.发动机气门落座阻尼研究[J].内燃机,2014(1):24-27.LIU Zhongmin,DING Jia,LI Jianfeng.The study on thelanding damping of the engine valve[J].Internal Combustion Engines,2014(1):24-27.(in Chinese)
[19]吕琳,林辉.小型汽油机气门落座刚度、阻尼试验研究[J].科技通报,2016,32(8):115-118.LLin,LIN Hui.Study on the landing stiffness and damping of the small engine valve[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2016,32(8):115-118.(in Chinese)
[20]傅瑜杭,彭樟林,陆军,等.气门落座动态偏心的研究[J].内燃机,2018(1):41-43.FU Yuhang,PENG Zhanglin,LU Jun,et al.Landing eccentricity research of valve[J].Internal Combustion Engines,2018(1):41-43.(in Chinese)
[21]傅瑜杭,彭樟林,陆军,等.基于ABQUSE的气门-座圈落座运动特性分析[J].小型内燃机与车辆技术,2017,46(6):36-40.FU Yuhang,PENG Zhanglin,LU Jun,et al.The dynamic characteristics analysis of valve crashing seat based on ABQUSE[J].Small Internal Combustion Engine and Vehicle Technique,2017,46(6):36-40.(in Chinese)
[22]黄华.基于导管间隙的气门偏摆落座特性的仿真系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.HUANG Hua.The study of simulation system of the valves eccentricity sitting features based on catheter gap[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)