地面垂直钻孔预抽特厚煤层瓦斯数值试验与应用
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摘要
为解决塔山煤矿高强度开采条件下瓦斯低含量、高涌出的问题,同时为了弥补大型物理实验和现场试验成本高、操作难的缺点,根据该矿8101工作面所属区域煤层的地质和瓦斯赋存条件,确定了数值试验方案,对地面垂直钻孔预抽特厚煤层瓦斯的效果进行优化分析。基于煤岩(体)的孔隙特征,构建了含瓦斯煤岩(体)破裂过程气-固耦合和渗透率-损伤耦合数学本构模型。采用RFPA~(2D)瓦斯分析版软件建立地面钻孔抽放瓦斯的数值计算模型,设置有关简化条件、边界条件和物性参数,通过数值试验得出:地面垂直钻孔的终孔位置布置在煤层底部比较合理;在综合考虑地面垂直钻孔投入成本和瓦斯抽采效果的基础上,确定地面垂直钻孔间距为50～60 m比较合理。同时,由8101工作面地面垂直钻孔抽采煤层瓦斯的实际应用效果分析可知,当地面垂直钻孔的终孔位置布置在煤层底部,且钻孔间距布置为50m时,能够实现良好的瓦斯抽放效果,这也从一定程度上进一步验证了数值试验的合理性和可行性。
This study is to solve the problems of the low content and high gush of gas under high-intensity mining conditions in Tashan coal mine, and to make up the disadvantages of high cost and difficult operation of large-scale physical experiments and field tests. According to the geological and gas occurrence conditions of regional coal seam which covers 8101 working face in Tashan coal mine, numerical testing schemes were designed to optimise and analyse the gas pre-drainage effect in the extremely thick seam by using ground vertical boreholes. Based on the pore characteristics of coal-rock(body), we developed mathematical constitutive models of gas-solid coupling and permeability-damage coupling in the gas-bearing coal-rock(body) rupture process. A numerical model of gas drainage was established by using RFPA~(2D)-Gasflow software, and the relevant physical parameters, simplified initial conditions and boundary conditions were established. The following results can be achieved through the above numerical tests. First, the reasonable borehole bottom location of ground vertical boreholes is at the bottom of coal seam. Then, on the basis of considering the drilling cost and the drainage effect, the reasonable borehole spacing between adjacent ground vertical boreholes is from 50 to 60 m. Meanwhile, the actual application effect of gas extraction by using ground vertical boreholes in 8101 working face demonstrates a good gas drainage effect when the borehole bottom location is at the bottom of coal seam and the borehole spacing is 50 m. To a certain extent, the rationality and feasibility of numerical tests are further verified.
This study is to solve the problems of the low content and high gush of gas under high-intensity mining conditions in Tashan coal mine, and to make up the disadvantages of high cost and difficult operation of large-scale physical experiments and field tests. According to the geological and gas occurrence conditions of regional coal seam which covers 8101 working face in Tashan coal mine, numerical testing schemes were designed to optimise and analyse the gas pre-drainage effect in the extremely thick seam by using ground vertical boreholes. Based on the pore characteristics of coal-rock(body), we developed mathematical constitutive models of gas-solid coupling and permeability-damage coupling in the gas-bearing coal-rock(body) rupture process. A numerical model of gas drainage was established by using RFPA~(2D)-Gasflow software, and the relevant physical parameters, simplified initial conditions and boundary conditions were established. The following results can be achieved through the above numerical tests. First, the reasonable borehole bottom location of ground vertical boreholes is at the bottom of coal seam. Then, on the basis of considering the drilling cost and the drainage effect, the reasonable borehole spacing between adjacent ground vertical boreholes is from 50 to 60 m. Meanwhile, the actual application effect of gas extraction by using ground vertical boreholes in 8101 working face demonstrates a good gas drainage effect when the borehole bottom location is at the bottom of coal seam and the borehole spacing is 50 m. To a certain extent, the rationality and feasibility of numerical tests are further verified.
引文
[1]俞启香,程远平.矿井瓦斯防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2012:94-95.YU Qi-xiang,CHENG Yuan-ping.Gas prevention in coal mine[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2012:94-95.
[2]袁亮.煤与瓦斯共采[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2016:104-110.YUAN Liang.Co-production of coal and gas[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2016:104-110.
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[4]张树川.地面钻孔抽采被保护层卸压瓦斯技术研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2008.ZHANG Shu-chuan.Study of technology of surface drillings draining pressure relief gas of protected coal seam[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2008.
[5]刘春刚.地面立孔抽放技术在特厚煤层瓦斯治理中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(2):79-83.LIU Chun-gang.Application of ground vertical hole drainage technology in gas control of special thick seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2017,48(2):79-83.
[6]孟卫津.地面定向钻孔瓦斯抽采技术研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2015.MENG Wei-jin.Research on gas drainage technology of ground drectional drilling[D].Handan:Hebei University of Engineering,2015.
[7]凡永鹏,王钰博.塔山矿特厚煤层综放面采空区瓦斯治理措施研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(12):117-123.FAN Yong-peng,WANG Yu-bo.Study on measures to control methane in goaf in mechanized mining extremely thick face of Tashan coal mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(12):117-123.
[8]王子邦.塔山煤矿8103工作面瓦斯治理技术[J].煤矿安全,2012,44(10):72-75.WANG Zi-bang.Gas control technology in Tashan coal mine 8103 working face[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2012,44(10):72-75.
[9]郝建峰.特厚煤层开采本煤层钻孔抽采瓦斯技术研究[J].能源与节能,2015(12):143-144.HAO Jian-feng.Research on gas extraction technology by coal seam drilling in special thick seam mining[J].Energy and Energy Conservation,2015(12):143-144.
[10]孟祥斌,王爱午,王继树.保护层开采在特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯治理中的应用研究[J].同煤科技,2016(5):44-46.MENG Xiang-bin,WANG Ai-wu,WANG Ji-shu.Protective layer mining in thick coal seam gas control in the application research of full-mechanized caving mining face[J].Science and Technology of Datong Coal Mining Administration,2016(5):44-46.
[11]牛建华.塔山煤矿8104综放面瓦斯分布规律研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,10(2):12-16.NIU Jian-hua.Study on gas distribution rule of 8104comprehensive mechanized caving face in Tashan mine[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2013,10(2):12-16.
[12]张拥军,于广明,路世豹,等.近距离上保护层开采瓦斯运移规律数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):398-404.ZHANG Yong-jun,YU Guang-ming,LU Shi-bao,et al.Numerical analysis of gas flow law with short distance upper protective layer gas extraction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):398-404.
[13]朱令起,刘建庄,邵静静.地面瓦斯抽放钻孔采动覆岩裂隙演化数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):585-591.ZHU Ling-qi,LIU Jian-zhuang,SHAO Jing-jing.Numerical simulation of evolution rule of cracks in surface goaf gas drainage hole[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):585-591.
[14]杨莹,徐奴文,李韬,等.基于RFPA3D和微震监测的白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):2193-2202.YANG Ying,XU Nu-wen,LI Tao,et al.Stability analysis of left bank rock slope at Baihetan hydropower station based on RFPA3D software and microseismic monitoring[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):2193-2202.
[15]谢璨,李树忱,平洋,等.峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤特性与数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(7):2128-2136.XIE Can,LI Shu-chen,PING Yang,et al.Study of nonlinear damage characteristics and numerical simulation of post-peak fractured rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(7):2128-2136.
[16]陆占金,石必明,穆朝民.潘三矿下保护层开采条件下地面钻孔瓦斯抽采技术及效果[J].煤矿开采,2012,17(6):89-93.LU Zhan-jin,SHI Bi-ming,MU Chao-min.Methane drainage technology and its effect of surface drilling hole under the condition of protective coal-seam mining in Pansan colliery[J].Coal Mining Technology,2012,17(6):89-93.
[17]袁亮,郭华,李平.大直径地面钻井采空区采动区瓦斯抽采理论与技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):1-8.YUAN Liang,GUO Hua,LI Ping.Theory and technology of goaf gas drainage with large-diameter surface boreholes[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):1-8.
[18]王兆丰,田富超,赵彬.羽状千米长钻孔抽采效果考察试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):76-79.WANG Zhao-feng,TIAN Fu-chao,ZHAO Bin.The testing of gas drainage efficiency about feather-veined1 000 m length-drill hole[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):76-79.
[2]袁亮.煤与瓦斯共采[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2016:104-110.YUAN Liang.Co-production of coal and gas[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2016:104-110.
[3]ZUPANICK J A.Coal mine methane drainage using multilateral horizontal wells[J].Mining Engineering,2006,58(1):50-52.
[4]张树川.地面钻孔抽采被保护层卸压瓦斯技术研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2008.ZHANG Shu-chuan.Study of technology of surface drillings draining pressure relief gas of protected coal seam[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2008.
[5]刘春刚.地面立孔抽放技术在特厚煤层瓦斯治理中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(2):79-83.LIU Chun-gang.Application of ground vertical hole drainage technology in gas control of special thick seam[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2017,48(2):79-83.
[6]孟卫津.地面定向钻孔瓦斯抽采技术研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2015.MENG Wei-jin.Research on gas drainage technology of ground drectional drilling[D].Handan:Hebei University of Engineering,2015.
[7]凡永鹏,王钰博.塔山矿特厚煤层综放面采空区瓦斯治理措施研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(12):117-123.FAN Yong-peng,WANG Yu-bo.Study on measures to control methane in goaf in mechanized mining extremely thick face of Tashan coal mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(12):117-123.
[8]王子邦.塔山煤矿8103工作面瓦斯治理技术[J].煤矿安全,2012,44(10):72-75.WANG Zi-bang.Gas control technology in Tashan coal mine 8103 working face[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2012,44(10):72-75.
[9]郝建峰.特厚煤层开采本煤层钻孔抽采瓦斯技术研究[J].能源与节能,2015(12):143-144.HAO Jian-feng.Research on gas extraction technology by coal seam drilling in special thick seam mining[J].Energy and Energy Conservation,2015(12):143-144.
[10]孟祥斌,王爱午,王继树.保护层开采在特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯治理中的应用研究[J].同煤科技,2016(5):44-46.MENG Xiang-bin,WANG Ai-wu,WANG Ji-shu.Protective layer mining in thick coal seam gas control in the application research of full-mechanized caving mining face[J].Science and Technology of Datong Coal Mining Administration,2016(5):44-46.
[11]牛建华.塔山煤矿8104综放面瓦斯分布规律研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,10(2):12-16.NIU Jian-hua.Study on gas distribution rule of 8104comprehensive mechanized caving face in Tashan mine[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2013,10(2):12-16.
[12]张拥军,于广明,路世豹,等.近距离上保护层开采瓦斯运移规律数值分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):398-404.ZHANG Yong-jun,YU Guang-ming,LU Shi-bao,et al.Numerical analysis of gas flow law with short distance upper protective layer gas extraction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):398-404.
[13]朱令起,刘建庄,邵静静.地面瓦斯抽放钻孔采动覆岩裂隙演化数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):585-591.ZHU Ling-qi,LIU Jian-zhuang,SHAO Jing-jing.Numerical simulation of evolution rule of cracks in surface goaf gas drainage hole[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):585-591.
[14]杨莹,徐奴文,李韬,等.基于RFPA3D和微震监测的白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):2193-2202.YANG Ying,XU Nu-wen,LI Tao,et al.Stability analysis of left bank rock slope at Baihetan hydropower station based on RFPA3D software and microseismic monitoring[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):2193-2202.
[15]谢璨,李树忱,平洋,等.峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤特性与数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(7):2128-2136.XIE Can,LI Shu-chen,PING Yang,et al.Study of nonlinear damage characteristics and numerical simulation of post-peak fractured rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(7):2128-2136.
[16]陆占金,石必明,穆朝民.潘三矿下保护层开采条件下地面钻孔瓦斯抽采技术及效果[J].煤矿开采,2012,17(6):89-93.LU Zhan-jin,SHI Bi-ming,MU Chao-min.Methane drainage technology and its effect of surface drilling hole under the condition of protective coal-seam mining in Pansan colliery[J].Coal Mining Technology,2012,17(6):89-93.
[17]袁亮,郭华,李平.大直径地面钻井采空区采动区瓦斯抽采理论与技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):1-8.YUAN Liang,GUO Hua,LI Ping.Theory and technology of goaf gas drainage with large-diameter surface boreholes[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):1-8.
[18]王兆丰,田富超,赵彬.羽状千米长钻孔抽采效果考察试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):76-79.WANG Zhao-feng,TIAN Fu-chao,ZHAO Bin.The testing of gas drainage efficiency about feather-veined1 000 m length-drill hole[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):76-79.