长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平的时空差异与分布特征
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摘要
如何在城市群构建生态宜居宜业的城市体系,需要厘清城市群生态宜居宜业建设的现状及其水平的时空差异与分布特征,并据此有针对性和差异性地推进城市群生态宜居宜业建设。以长三角城市群为例,从宜业和生态宜居两个方面构建了生态宜居宜业水平测度指标体系,运用多层次评价和熵权法测度了4省域26市2005—2015年生态宜居宜业水平,运用Moran’s I指数及G指数分析了生态宜居宜业水平的时空差异与分布特征。主要结论与政策建议如下:(1)长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平不断提高,呈现"东高西低"分布特征,城市间差距正在逐渐缩小,各城市宜业水平逐渐改善,但生态宜居水平有所波动,部分城市生态宜居水平下降明显。(2)长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平空间关联性呈现增强趋势,2011年后存在显著空间集聚特征,呈现明显的东部、北部"高高集聚"与西部、南部"低低集聚"现象,表明长三角城市群生态宜居宜业发展存在空间溢出效应。(3)G指数分布由零星"点状"分布逐渐集聚呈"块状"分布,说明生态宜居宜业水平冷点区和热点区都具有极强的扩散作用,有持续扩散的趋势。(4)建议长三角城市群在促进宜业的同时要补齐生态宜居建设短板,发挥好南京、杭州、合肥、苏州、宁波等中心城市在生态宜居宜业发展过程中的辐射带动作用,利用好舟山、宣城、池州、湖州、台州等城市生态资源,通过构建大、中、小城市协同发展的共生城市体系,实现宜业与生态宜居协同发展。
To construct an ecologically life & work facilitating urban system in urban agglomerations needs to clarify current situation,spatial heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of the ecological life & work facilitating in urban agglomerations. We can rely on this to promote the ecological life & work facilitating construction of urban agglomerations in a targeted and differential manner. This paper takes the Yangtze River Delta city cluster as an example,constructed the ecological life & work facilitating index system from two aspects including work facilitating and ecological life facilitating,and estimated the ecological life & work facilitating level about 26 cities in 4 provinces of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster from 2005 to 2015. This paper analyzed the spatial heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of ecological life & work facilitating level in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster by using the Moran's I index and the G index. The main conclusions and policy recommendations cover the following aspects. Firstly,in the past 10 years,the ecological life & work facilitating level of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster has been continuously improved,with high level in the east and low level in the west,the ecological work facilitating level was increasing,but the ecological life facilitating was decreasing. Secondly,in the past 10 years,there was a spatial correlation effect. After 2011,there were significant spatial agglomeration characteristics that‘high-high agglomeration'existed in the east and north,‘low-low agglomeration'in the west and south; it indicated that there was a spatial spillover effect to the development of ecological life & work facilitating level in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster. Thirdly,the spatial distribution of G index tends to agglomerate from the sporadic ‘spot'distribution into‘block'distribution,which showed that the cold spot area and hot spot area of ecological life & work facilitating level were in a trend of strong diffusion effect. Fourthly,while promoting the ecological work facilitating level,we should further promote the ecological life facilitating level. In order to achieve synergistic development of ecological life & work facilitating,the central cities,such as Nanjing,Hangzhou,Hefei,Suzhou,Ningbo and other central cities should play a leading role in the ecological life & work facilitating development of Yangtze River Delta city cluster. Besides,it should utilize the urban ecological resources such as Zhoushan,Xuancheng,Chizhou,Huzhou and Taizhou,and construct a symbiotic urban system for the coordinated development of large,medium and small cities.
To construct an ecologically life & work facilitating urban system in urban agglomerations needs to clarify current situation,spatial heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of the ecological life & work facilitating in urban agglomerations. We can rely on this to promote the ecological life & work facilitating construction of urban agglomerations in a targeted and differential manner. This paper takes the Yangtze River Delta city cluster as an example,constructed the ecological life & work facilitating index system from two aspects including work facilitating and ecological life facilitating,and estimated the ecological life & work facilitating level about 26 cities in 4 provinces of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster from 2005 to 2015. This paper analyzed the spatial heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of ecological life & work facilitating level in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster by using the Moran's I index and the G index. The main conclusions and policy recommendations cover the following aspects. Firstly,in the past 10 years,the ecological life & work facilitating level of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster has been continuously improved,with high level in the east and low level in the west,the ecological work facilitating level was increasing,but the ecological life facilitating was decreasing. Secondly,in the past 10 years,there was a spatial correlation effect. After 2011,there were significant spatial agglomeration characteristics that‘high-high agglomeration'existed in the east and north,‘low-low agglomeration'in the west and south; it indicated that there was a spatial spillover effect to the development of ecological life & work facilitating level in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster. Thirdly,the spatial distribution of G index tends to agglomerate from the sporadic ‘spot'distribution into‘block'distribution,which showed that the cold spot area and hot spot area of ecological life & work facilitating level were in a trend of strong diffusion effect. Fourthly,while promoting the ecological work facilitating level,we should further promote the ecological life facilitating level. In order to achieve synergistic development of ecological life & work facilitating,the central cities,such as Nanjing,Hangzhou,Hefei,Suzhou,Ningbo and other central cities should play a leading role in the ecological life & work facilitating development of Yangtze River Delta city cluster. Besides,it should utilize the urban ecological resources such as Zhoushan,Xuancheng,Chizhou,Huzhou and Taizhou,and construct a symbiotic urban system for the coordinated development of large,medium and small cities.
引文
[1]杨曦.城市规模与城镇化农民工市民化的经济效应——基于城市生产率与宜居度差异的定量分析[J].经济学(季刊),2017,16(4):1601-1620.
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[11]张文忠.城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):17-23.
[12]李雪铭,姜斌,杨波.城市人居环境可持续发展评价研究——以大连市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2002,12(6):131-133.
[13]周志田,王海燕,杨多贵.中国适宜人居城市研究与评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(1):29-32.
[14]李王鸣,叶信岳,孙于.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例[J].经济地理,1999,19(2):39-44.
[15]KRAJNC D,GLAVI CˇP. A model for integrated assessment of sustainable development[J]. Resources, conservation and recycling,2005,43(2):189-208.
[16]MALKINA-PYKH I G. Integrated assessment models and response function models:pros and cons for sustainable development indices design[J]. Ecological indicators,2002,2(1):93-108.
[17]张欢,成金华,陈军,等.中国省域生态文明建设差异分析[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2014,24(6):22-29.
[18]张欢,罗畅,成金华,等.湖北省绿色发展水平测度及其空间关系[J].经济地理,2016,36(9):158-165.
[19]李海龙,于立.中国生态城市评价指标体系构建研究[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(7):81-86,118.
[20]张欢,成金华,冯银,等.特大型城市生态文明建设评价指标体系及应用——以武汉市为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):547-556.
[2]熊鹰,曾光明,董力三,等.城市人居环境与经济协调发展不确定性定量评价——以长沙市为例[J].地理学报,2007,62(4):397-406.
[3]DOUGLASS M. From global intercity competition to cooperation for livable cities and economic resilience in Pacific Asia[J].Environment and urbanization,2002,14(1):53-68.
[4]朱江丽,李子联.长三角城市群产业-人口-空间耦合协调发展研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2):75-82.
[5]郑思齐,徐杨菲,张晓楠,等.“职住平衡指数”的构建与空间差异性研究:以北京市为例[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(4):475-483.
[6]张延伟,裴颖,葛全胜.基于BDI决策的居住空间宜居性分析——以大连沙河口区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(12):2227-2237.
[7]谌丽,张文忠,李业锦.大连居民的城市宜居性评价[J].地理学报,2008,63(10):1022-1032.
[8]叶青,鄢涛,李芬.城市生态宜居发展二维向量结构指标体系构建与测评[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(11):146-150.
[9]李江云,石榴花,朱青,等.基于宜居宜业评价的“后棚户区改造”规划对策——以乌海市乌达城区控制性详细规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(11):43-50.
[10]俞雅乖,刘玲燕.我国城市环境绩效及其影响因素分析[J].管理世界,2016(11):176-177.
[11]张文忠.城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法[J].地理科学,2007,27(1):17-23.
[12]李雪铭,姜斌,杨波.城市人居环境可持续发展评价研究——以大连市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2002,12(6):131-133.
[13]周志田,王海燕,杨多贵.中国适宜人居城市研究与评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004,14(1):29-32.
[14]李王鸣,叶信岳,孙于.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例[J].经济地理,1999,19(2):39-44.
[15]KRAJNC D,GLAVI CˇP. A model for integrated assessment of sustainable development[J]. Resources, conservation and recycling,2005,43(2):189-208.
[16]MALKINA-PYKH I G. Integrated assessment models and response function models:pros and cons for sustainable development indices design[J]. Ecological indicators,2002,2(1):93-108.
[17]张欢,成金华,陈军,等.中国省域生态文明建设差异分析[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2014,24(6):22-29.
[18]张欢,罗畅,成金华,等.湖北省绿色发展水平测度及其空间关系[J].经济地理,2016,36(9):158-165.
[19]李海龙,于立.中国生态城市评价指标体系构建研究[J].城市发展研究,2011,18(7):81-86,118.
[20]张欢,成金华,冯银,等.特大型城市生态文明建设评价指标体系及应用——以武汉市为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):547-556.