河南典型草地碳氮库构成对植物多样性的响应
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摘要
以河南4种典型草地类型(暖性草丛、暖性灌草丛、热性草丛与热性灌草丛)为研究对象,基于野外调查与室内测定,结合RDA冗余分析方法,分析了植物多样性与生态系统碳氮库构成之间的关系。结果表明:河南草地植物物种多样性整体上呈现出灌草丛类草地大于草丛类草地;河南草地具有符合地域特征的植物功能群类型,C3植物比例均远大于C4植物,杂类草占64%～73%,有性兼无性繁殖方式的植物类型多达49%～56%;而生活型组成较为复杂,暖性草地以多年生草本和灌木为主,热性草地以一或两年生草本以及多年生草本为主; RDA分析结果显示,暖性草丛、暖性灌草丛植被氮密度与Shannon和Pielou指数呈正相关,植被碳密度、土壤氮密度与Shannon和Pielou指数呈负相关;热性草丛植被碳氮密度与物种丰富度指数呈正相关,土壤氮密度与Shannon和Pielou指数呈正相关,植被氮密度与Shannon和Pielou指数呈负相关;热性灌草丛土壤碳氮密度与Shannon指数呈正相关,植被碳氮密度与物种丰富度和Shannon指数呈负相关,即物种多样性及不同草地类型植被的组成共同作用影响植被和土壤碳氮密度。总之,河南草地生态系统碳氮库构成是植物物种丰富程度和分布均匀程度综合作用的结果。
With field investigation and laboratory analysis,the relationships of plant diversity with carbon and nitrogen pool composition in four typical grassland ecosystems including warmtemperate tussock(WT),warm-temperate shrub tussock(WS),tropical tussock(TT) and tropical shrub tussock(TS) in Henan Province were explored through redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that plant species diversity in the shrub tussocks was higher than that of the tussocks.The plant functional groups in Henan grasslands were conformed to the regional characteristics.The proportion of C3 plants was much higher than that of C4 plants,while the weeds accounted for 64%-73%.The proportion of plant species with sexual and asexual reproduction patterns was up to 49%-56%.The composition of life forms was complex.Warm grassland was dominated by perennial herbs and shrubs,and tropical grassland was dominated by annual or biennial herbs and perennial herbs.The results of RDA analysis showed that nitrogen density in the vegetation of WT and WS was positively correlated with Shannon and Pielou indices.Community carbon density was negatively correlated with soil nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices.There was a positive correlation between carbon and nitrogen density and species richness of TT,a positive correlation between soil nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices,and a negative correlation between vegetation nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices.Soil carbon and nitrogen density of TS was positively correlated with Shannon index,and community carbon and nitrogen density was negatively correlated with species richness and Shannon index.That is,species diversity and vegetation composition of different grassland types co-affected carbon and nitrogen density of vegetation and soil.The composition of carbon and nitrogen pools in Henan grassland ecosystems was the result of a combination of plant species abundance and distribution uniformity.
With field investigation and laboratory analysis,the relationships of plant diversity with carbon and nitrogen pool composition in four typical grassland ecosystems including warmtemperate tussock(WT),warm-temperate shrub tussock(WS),tropical tussock(TT) and tropical shrub tussock(TS) in Henan Province were explored through redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that plant species diversity in the shrub tussocks was higher than that of the tussocks.The plant functional groups in Henan grasslands were conformed to the regional characteristics.The proportion of C3 plants was much higher than that of C4 plants,while the weeds accounted for 64%-73%.The proportion of plant species with sexual and asexual reproduction patterns was up to 49%-56%.The composition of life forms was complex.Warm grassland was dominated by perennial herbs and shrubs,and tropical grassland was dominated by annual or biennial herbs and perennial herbs.The results of RDA analysis showed that nitrogen density in the vegetation of WT and WS was positively correlated with Shannon and Pielou indices.Community carbon density was negatively correlated with soil nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices.There was a positive correlation between carbon and nitrogen density and species richness of TT,a positive correlation between soil nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices,and a negative correlation between vegetation nitrogen density and Shannon and Pielou indices.Soil carbon and nitrogen density of TS was positively correlated with Shannon index,and community carbon and nitrogen density was negatively correlated with species richness and Shannon index.That is,species diversity and vegetation composition of different grassland types co-affected carbon and nitrogen density of vegetation and soil.The composition of carbon and nitrogen pools in Henan grassland ecosystems was the result of a combination of plant species abundance and distribution uniformity.
引文
陈军强,张蕊,侯尧宸,等.2013.亚高山草甸植物群落物种多样性与群落C、N、P生态化学计量的关系.植物生态学报,37(11):979-987.
董乙强,孙宗玖,安沙舟,等.2016.放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿种群特征及其群落多样性的影响.草地学报,24(1):22-27.
樊江文,钟华平,梁飚,等.2003.草地生态系统碳储量及其影响因素.中国草地学报,25(6):52-59.
范庆安,庞春花,张建民,等.2006.山西白羊草草地资源与可持续利用.山西大学学报:自然科学版,29(4):432-435.
方精云,杨元合,马文红,等.2010.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,(7):566-576.
冯长松,李绍钰,李格.2011.河南省草地资源现状及开发利用对策.河南农业科学,40(1):15-18.
高东,何霞红.2010.生物多样性与生态系统稳定性研究进展.生态学杂志,29(12):2507-2513.
郭孝.1997.河南草地开发与利用概况.中国草地,(4):12-16.
郭焱培,杨弦,安尼瓦尔·买买提,等.2017.中国北方温带灌丛生态系统碳、氮、磷储量.植物生态学报,41(1):14-21.
黄建辉,白永飞,韩兴国.2001.物种多样性与生态系统功能:影响机制及有关假说.生物多样性,9(1):1-7.
刘晓强,王仁忠.2006.北京北部农牧交错区C4植物及其形态功能型和生境分析.生态学报,26(5):1509-1515.
牛得草,董晓玉,傅华.2011.长芒草不同季节碳氮磷生态化学计量特征.草业科学,28(6):915-920.
唐志尧,方精云.2004.植物物种多样性的垂直分布格局.生物多样性,12(1):20-28.
王春玲,郭泉水,谭德远,等.2005.准噶尔盆地东南缘不同生境条件下梭梭群落结构特征研究.应用生态学报,16(7):1224-1229.
王文颖,王启基.2001.高寒嵩草草甸退化生态系统植物群落结构特征及物种多样性分析.草业学报,10(3):8-14.
熊定鹏,赵广帅,武建双,等.2016.羌塘高寒草地物种多样性与生态系统多功能关系格局.生态学报,36(11):3362-3371.
闫凯,张仁平,李德祥,等.2011.新源县山地草原植被特征及植物营养对放牧强度的响应.草业科学,28(8):1507-1511.
杨利民,周广胜,李建东.2002.松嫩平原草地群落物种多样性与生产力关系的研究.植物生态学报,26(5):589-593.
臧岳铭.2009.高寒矮嵩草草甸物种多样性、功能多样性与初级生产力关系的研究(硕士学位论文).西安:陕西师范大学.
张全国,张大勇.2003.生物多样性与生态系统功能:最新的进展与动向.生物多样性,11(5):351-363.
张仁懿.2010.亚高寒草甸不同功能群植物N:P化学计量特征差异研究(博士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
中国生态系统研究网络科学委员会.2007.陆地生态系统土壤观测规范.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
Chen SP,Wang WT,Xu WT,et al.2018.Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America,115:4027-4032.
Chown SL,Gaston KJ,Robinson D,et al.2004.Macrophysiology:large-scale patterns in physiological traits and their ecological implications.Functional Ecology,18:159-167.
Crowther TW,Toddbrown KE,Rowe CW,et al.2016.Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming.Nature,540:104-108.
Diaz S,Hodgson JG,Thompson K,et al.2004.The plant traits that drive ecosystems:Evidence from three continents.Journal of Vegetation Science,15:295-304.
Flombaum P,Sala OE.2008.Higher effect of plant species diversity on productivity in natural than artificial ecosystems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America,105:6087-6090.
Gregorich EG,Liang BC,Ellert BH,et al.1996.Fertilization effects on soil organic matter turnover and corn residue CStorage.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:472-476.
Hector A,Bagchi R.2007.Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality.Nature,448:188-190.
Hector A,Schmid B,Beierkuhnlein C,et al.1999.Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands.Science,286:1123-1127.
Hooper DU,Chapin FS,Ewel JJ,et al.2005.Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning:A consensus of current knowledge.Ecological Monographs,75:3-35.
Hooper DU,Vitousek PM.1998.Effects of plant composition and diversity on nutrient cycling.Ecological Monographs,68:121-149.
Houghton RA.2007.Balancing the global carbon budget.Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,35:313-347.
Jenny H.1984.The soil resource:Origin and behavior.Vegetatio,57:102-102.
Kennedy T,Naeem S,Howe KM,et al.2002.Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion.Nature,417:636-638.
Loresu M,Naeem S,Inchausti P,et al.2001.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Current knowledge and future challenges.Science,294:804-808.
Maestre FT,Quero JL,Gotelli NJ,et al.2012.Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands.Science,335:214-218.
Milcu A,Roscher C,Jenkins T,et al.2013.Functionally and phylogenetically diverse plant communities key to soil biota.Ecology,94:1878-1885.
Mulder CPH,Jumpponen A,Hgberg P,et al.2002.How plant diversity and legumes affect nitrogen dynamics in experimental grassland communities.Oecologia,133:412-421.
Reich PB,Knops J,Tilman D,et al.2001.Correction:Plant diversity enhances ecosystem responses to elevated CO2and nitrogen deposition.Nature,410:809-812.
Robertson GP,Coleman DC,Bledsoe CS,et al.1999.Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research.New York,USA:Oxford University Press.
Schleuter D,Daufresne M,Massol F,et al.2010.A user’s guide to functional diversity indices.Ecological Monographs,80:469-484.
Scurlock JM,Olson RJ.2002.Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements.Global Change Biology,8:736-753.
Srivastava DS,Velland M.2005.Biodiversity-ecosystem function research:Is it relevant to conservation?Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,36:267-294.
Tian H,Wang S,Liu J,et al.2006.Patterns of soil nitrogen storage in China.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,20:GB1001.
Tilman D,Knops J,Wedin D,et al.1997.The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes.Science,277:1300-1320.
Tilman D,Wedin D,Knops J.1996.Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems.Nature,379:718-720.
Vitousek PM,Hooper DU.1994.Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry//Schulze E-D,Mooney HA,eds.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Berlin:Springer:3-14.
Wang Z,Duan C,Hou Y,et al.2006.The relationship of plant species diversity to ecosystem function in relation to soil conservation in semi-humid evergreen forests,Yunnan Province,China.Journal of Plant Ecology,30:392-403.
Yang YH,Ma WH,Mohhamot A,et al.2007.Storage,Patterns and controls of soil nitrogen in China.Pedosphere,17:776-785.
董乙强,孙宗玖,安沙舟,等.2016.放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿种群特征及其群落多样性的影响.草地学报,24(1):22-27.
樊江文,钟华平,梁飚,等.2003.草地生态系统碳储量及其影响因素.中国草地学报,25(6):52-59.
范庆安,庞春花,张建民,等.2006.山西白羊草草地资源与可持续利用.山西大学学报:自然科学版,29(4):432-435.
方精云,杨元合,马文红,等.2010.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,(7):566-576.
冯长松,李绍钰,李格.2011.河南省草地资源现状及开发利用对策.河南农业科学,40(1):15-18.
高东,何霞红.2010.生物多样性与生态系统稳定性研究进展.生态学杂志,29(12):2507-2513.
郭孝.1997.河南草地开发与利用概况.中国草地,(4):12-16.
郭焱培,杨弦,安尼瓦尔·买买提,等.2017.中国北方温带灌丛生态系统碳、氮、磷储量.植物生态学报,41(1):14-21.
黄建辉,白永飞,韩兴国.2001.物种多样性与生态系统功能:影响机制及有关假说.生物多样性,9(1):1-7.
刘晓强,王仁忠.2006.北京北部农牧交错区C4植物及其形态功能型和生境分析.生态学报,26(5):1509-1515.
牛得草,董晓玉,傅华.2011.长芒草不同季节碳氮磷生态化学计量特征.草业科学,28(6):915-920.
唐志尧,方精云.2004.植物物种多样性的垂直分布格局.生物多样性,12(1):20-28.
王春玲,郭泉水,谭德远,等.2005.准噶尔盆地东南缘不同生境条件下梭梭群落结构特征研究.应用生态学报,16(7):1224-1229.
王文颖,王启基.2001.高寒嵩草草甸退化生态系统植物群落结构特征及物种多样性分析.草业学报,10(3):8-14.
熊定鹏,赵广帅,武建双,等.2016.羌塘高寒草地物种多样性与生态系统多功能关系格局.生态学报,36(11):3362-3371.
闫凯,张仁平,李德祥,等.2011.新源县山地草原植被特征及植物营养对放牧强度的响应.草业科学,28(8):1507-1511.
杨利民,周广胜,李建东.2002.松嫩平原草地群落物种多样性与生产力关系的研究.植物生态学报,26(5):589-593.
臧岳铭.2009.高寒矮嵩草草甸物种多样性、功能多样性与初级生产力关系的研究(硕士学位论文).西安:陕西师范大学.
张全国,张大勇.2003.生物多样性与生态系统功能:最新的进展与动向.生物多样性,11(5):351-363.
张仁懿.2010.亚高寒草甸不同功能群植物N:P化学计量特征差异研究(博士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学.
中国生态系统研究网络科学委员会.2007.陆地生态系统土壤观测规范.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
Chen SP,Wang WT,Xu WT,et al.2018.Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America,115:4027-4032.
Chown SL,Gaston KJ,Robinson D,et al.2004.Macrophysiology:large-scale patterns in physiological traits and their ecological implications.Functional Ecology,18:159-167.
Crowther TW,Toddbrown KE,Rowe CW,et al.2016.Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming.Nature,540:104-108.
Diaz S,Hodgson JG,Thompson K,et al.2004.The plant traits that drive ecosystems:Evidence from three continents.Journal of Vegetation Science,15:295-304.
Flombaum P,Sala OE.2008.Higher effect of plant species diversity on productivity in natural than artificial ecosystems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United State of America,105:6087-6090.
Gregorich EG,Liang BC,Ellert BH,et al.1996.Fertilization effects on soil organic matter turnover and corn residue CStorage.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:472-476.
Hector A,Bagchi R.2007.Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality.Nature,448:188-190.
Hector A,Schmid B,Beierkuhnlein C,et al.1999.Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands.Science,286:1123-1127.
Hooper DU,Chapin FS,Ewel JJ,et al.2005.Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning:A consensus of current knowledge.Ecological Monographs,75:3-35.
Hooper DU,Vitousek PM.1998.Effects of plant composition and diversity on nutrient cycling.Ecological Monographs,68:121-149.
Houghton RA.2007.Balancing the global carbon budget.Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,35:313-347.
Jenny H.1984.The soil resource:Origin and behavior.Vegetatio,57:102-102.
Kennedy T,Naeem S,Howe KM,et al.2002.Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion.Nature,417:636-638.
Loresu M,Naeem S,Inchausti P,et al.2001.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:Current knowledge and future challenges.Science,294:804-808.
Maestre FT,Quero JL,Gotelli NJ,et al.2012.Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands.Science,335:214-218.
Milcu A,Roscher C,Jenkins T,et al.2013.Functionally and phylogenetically diverse plant communities key to soil biota.Ecology,94:1878-1885.
Mulder CPH,Jumpponen A,Hgberg P,et al.2002.How plant diversity and legumes affect nitrogen dynamics in experimental grassland communities.Oecologia,133:412-421.
Reich PB,Knops J,Tilman D,et al.2001.Correction:Plant diversity enhances ecosystem responses to elevated CO2and nitrogen deposition.Nature,410:809-812.
Robertson GP,Coleman DC,Bledsoe CS,et al.1999.Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research.New York,USA:Oxford University Press.
Schleuter D,Daufresne M,Massol F,et al.2010.A user’s guide to functional diversity indices.Ecological Monographs,80:469-484.
Scurlock JM,Olson RJ.2002.Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements.Global Change Biology,8:736-753.
Srivastava DS,Velland M.2005.Biodiversity-ecosystem function research:Is it relevant to conservation?Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,36:267-294.
Tian H,Wang S,Liu J,et al.2006.Patterns of soil nitrogen storage in China.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,20:GB1001.
Tilman D,Knops J,Wedin D,et al.1997.The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes.Science,277:1300-1320.
Tilman D,Wedin D,Knops J.1996.Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems.Nature,379:718-720.
Vitousek PM,Hooper DU.1994.Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry//Schulze E-D,Mooney HA,eds.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Berlin:Springer:3-14.
Wang Z,Duan C,Hou Y,et al.2006.The relationship of plant species diversity to ecosystem function in relation to soil conservation in semi-humid evergreen forests,Yunnan Province,China.Journal of Plant Ecology,30:392-403.
Yang YH,Ma WH,Mohhamot A,et al.2007.Storage,Patterns and controls of soil nitrogen in China.Pedosphere,17:776-785.