鄂西丹江口水库区域周边断裂构造解析及特征
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摘要
鄂西地区位于中国大陆构造演化的关键节点上,地质构造十分复杂,而其中的丹江口水库区域更是我国南水北调工程的核心区域.在此处开展断裂构造研究对于深化南水北调工程的地震安全系统的建设具有重要意义.利用浅层地震反射波勘探技术对丹江口水库周边的3条主要断裂,即丹江、两郧和白河-谷城断裂进行分析,将各断裂内的断层构造进行地震剖面成像,得到了0~300m深度范围内的断层结构特征.研究结果显示,3条断裂内的断层多为北东走向,丹江和白河-谷城断裂内的断层型态以正断层为主,但两郧断裂以逆断层为主,此特征可能与水库蓄水后,局部应力分布受到影响有关.研究成果不仅刻画出鄂西丹江口地区的断层形态,同时也对将来深入剖析此区域内背景应力及其周边构造单元之间的关系提供了重要的地震学参考资料.
West Hubei Province is located at an important point of the continental structure in China with complex geological structure,of which the Danjiangkou reservoir area is the core area of the South-to-North Water Diversion(SNWD)Project of China.An investigation of fault structure is important for the construction of seismic safety system of the SDWN Project.In this study,a shallow seismic-reflection technology to analyze 0 to 300 mstructures of Danjian,Liangyun and Baihe-Gucheng fault zones around the Danjiangkou reservoir is used.The results show that most of fault,striking in the three fault zones are roughly in NE direction.Normal faults largely exist in the Danjiangkou and the Baihe-Gucheng fault zones.In contrast,Liangyun fault zone mainly consists of reverse faults.This fault distribution may be associated with the local stress imposed by the Danjiangkou reservoir.The results not only reveal fault characteristics of the Danjiangkou region but also provide important information of relationship between the background stress in this area and its surrounding tectonic unit for the future studies in seismology.
West Hubei Province is located at an important point of the continental structure in China with complex geological structure,of which the Danjiangkou reservoir area is the core area of the South-to-North Water Diversion(SNWD)Project of China.An investigation of fault structure is important for the construction of seismic safety system of the SDWN Project.In this study,a shallow seismic-reflection technology to analyze 0 to 300 mstructures of Danjian,Liangyun and Baihe-Gucheng fault zones around the Danjiangkou reservoir is used.The results show that most of fault,striking in the three fault zones are roughly in NE direction.Normal faults largely exist in the Danjiangkou and the Baihe-Gucheng fault zones.In contrast,Liangyun fault zone mainly consists of reverse faults.This fault distribution may be associated with the local stress imposed by the Danjiangkou reservoir.The results not only reveal fault characteristics of the Danjiangkou region but also provide important information of relationship between the background stress in this area and its surrounding tectonic unit for the future studies in seismology.
引文
Chen,S.J.,Liu,S.W.,Yao,Y.S.,et al.,2004.Research on Structural Analysis and Quaternary Slip Rate of Liangyun Fault.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(3):60-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng,K.,Zhou,S.,Wang,R.,et al.,2010.Evidence that the2008 Mw7.9Wenchuan Earthquake could not have been Induced by the Zipingpu Reservoir.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5B):2805-2814.
Dong,Y.P.,Zha,X.F.,Fu,M.Q.,et al.,2008.Characteristics of the Dabashan Fold-Thrust Nappe Structure at the Southern Margin of the Qinling,China.Geological Bulletin of China,27(9):1493-1508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,X.D.,Yue,X.X.,Wang,Y.F.,et al.,2015.Discussion on Genesis of Induced Earthquake Based on Focal Mechanism in Xiangjiaba Reservoir Region.Seismology and Geology,37(2):565-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ge,S.,Liu,M.,Lu,N.,et al.,2009.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir Trigger the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake?Geophysical Research Letters,36(20):146-158.
He,Z.L.,Wang,X.W.,Li,S.J.,et al.,2011.Yanshan Movement and Its Influence on Petroleum Preservation in MiddleUpper Yangtze Region.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,33(1):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,R.,Li,S.Q.,Wang,W.,et al.,2016.Source Characteristics of Tillite of the Nantuo Formation in Three Gorges,Northern Yangtze Block:Evidences from Zircon Ages and Geochemical Composition.Earth Science,41(10):1630-1654(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang,J.Q.,Ren,J.S.,Jiang,C.F.,et al.,1977.The Basic Outline of Tectonics in China.Chinese Journal of Geology,(2):117-135(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,W.P.,Meng,X.M.,2008.Application of Seismic Reflection Method in Shallow Layer Prospecting.Coal Geology of China,20(9):59-60,67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei,D.N.,Cai,Y.J.,Qiao,Y.Q.,et al.,2012.Study on Tectonic Deformation and Quatenary Activity of Middle Segment of Baihe-Gucheng Fault Belt.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,32(5):41-47(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Y.H.,Cui,D.X.,Hao,M.,2015.GPS-Constrained Inversion of Slip Rate on Major Active Faults in the Northeastern Margin of Tibet Plateau.Earth Science,40(10):1767-1780(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Z.W.,1981.A Discussion about the Forming Conditions and Developing Trend of the Earthquake in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area.Northwestern Seismological Journal,3(2):78-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.,Steel,R.,Zhang,G.,2005.Mesozoic Sedimentary Basin Development and Tectonic Implication,Northern Yangtze Block,Eastern China,Record of ContinentContinent Collision.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,(25):9-27.
Liu,S.M.,Xu,L.H.,2004.Numerical Stimulation of Tectonic Stress Field at Danjiangkou Reservoir Area.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(23):4017-4021(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.W.,Ding,Z.X.,1990.Earthquake Record of Hubei Province.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
Luo,J.H.,Ma,W.T.,2016.A Preliminary Study on Upper Crustal Velocity Structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Seismology and Geology,38(2):329-341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mei,B.,Xu,T.,Zhang,Y.,2013.P-and S-Velocity Structure beneath the Three Gorges Region(Central China)from Local Earthquake Tomography.Geophysical Journal International,193(2):1035-1049.doi:10.1093/gji/ggt047
Qiu,R.Z.,Li,T.D.,Zhou,S.,et al.,2006.Material Composition and Evolution of Lithosphere in Mainland China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Tian,Y.,Xie,G.G.,Wang,L.Z.,et al.,2015.Provenance and Tectonic Settings of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Qiyueshan Area,Southwest Hubei:Evidence from Petrology,Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Ages of Clastic Rocks.Earth Science,40(12):2021-2036(in Chinese with English abstract).
van der Elst,N.J.,Savage,H.M.,Keranen,K.M.,et al.,2013Enhanced Remote Earthquake Triggering at FluidInjection Sites in the Midwestern United States.Science,341(341):164-167.doi:10.1126/science.1238948
Wang,Q.,Zhang,P.Z.,Freymueller,J.T.,et al.,2001.Present-Day Crustal Deformation in China Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements.Science,294(5542):574-577.doi:10.1126/science.1063647
Wang,Q.Y.,Gao,S.J.,2003.Research of Induced Earthquake at Danjiangkou Reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,23(1):103-106(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.D.,1988.Applied Technology of Shallow Seismic Exploration.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Weingarten,M.,Ge,S.,Godt,J.W.,et al.,2015.High-Rate Injection is Associated with the Increase in U.S.MidContinent Seismicity.Science,348(6241):1336-1340.doi:10.1126/scienk.aab1345
Wu,S.R.,1994.Study on the Microstructures and Deformational Environment of Xiannushan Fault Belt,East of Yangtze River Gorges.Scientia Geologica Sinica,29(3):220-227(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,J.W.,Li,C.A.,Zeng,X.P.,et al.,2008.Study on Characteristics and Seismic Activity of Gaoqiao Fault in Head Area of Three Gorges Reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(2):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,X.C.,Hua,J.R.,2011.3D Lithospheric Structure of South China.Geology in China,38(1):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,G.W.,Meng,Q.R.,Lai,S.C.,1995.Structural Framework of the Qinling Mountains Orogenic Belt.Science in China(Series B),25(9):994-1003(in Chinese).
Zhang,G.W.,Meng,Q.R.,Yu,Z.P.,et al.,1996.Orogenic Process and Dynamic Characteristics of the Qinling Mountains Orogenic Belt.Science China Earth Sciences,26(3):193-200(in Chinese).
Zhang,Z.,Bai,Z.,Mooney,W.,et al.,2009.Crustal Structure across the Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze Platform,Central China,from Seismic Refraction/Wideangle Reflection Data.Tectonophysics,475(3-4):423-437.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022
Zhang,Z.,Yang,L.,Teng,J.,et al.,2011.An Overview of the Earth Crust under China.Earth-Science Reviews,104(1-3):143-166.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022
Zou,Z.,Zhou,H.W.,Gurrola,H.,2014.Teleseismic VirtualSource Imaging of the Basin Structures in the Three Gorges Region,China.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,104(4):2141-2147.
Zulifeiya,N.,Maimaiti,Y.,Wang,A.Q.,et al.,2011.Analysis on Heteropical Characteristics of Cross-Fault Vertical Deformation Variation Speed in Kezir Reservoirs Dam.Inland Earthquake,25(2):152-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈蜀俊,刘锁旺,姚运生,等,2004.两郧断裂构造解析与第四纪滑动速率研究.大地测量与地球动力学,24(3):60-66.
董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等,2008.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱-冲断推覆构造的特征.地质通报,27(9):1493-1508.
冯向东,岳秀霞,王曰凤,等,2015.由向家坝水库震源机制解探讨诱发地震的成因.地震地质,37(2):565-575.
何治亮,汪新伟,李双建,等,2011.中上扬子地区燕山运动及其对油气保存的影响.石油实验地质,33(1):1-11.
胡蓉,李双庆,王伟,等,2016.扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩的物源特征:锆石年龄和地球化学证据.地球科学,41(10):1630-1654.
黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等,1977.中国大地构造基本轮廓.地质学报,(2):117-135.
蒋维平,孟宪民,2008.地震反射波法在浅层勘探中的应用.中国煤炭地质,20(9):59-60,67.
雷东宁,蔡永建,乔岳强,等,2012.白河-谷城断裂带中段构造变形特征与第四纪活动性.大地测量与地球动力学,32(5):41-47.
李煜航,崔笃信,郝明,2015.利用GPS数据反演青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂滑动速率.地球科学,40(10):1767-1780.
李祖武,1981.丹江口水库区地震的形成条件与发展趋势的讨论.西北地震学报,3(2):78-88.
刘素梅,徐礼华,2004.丹江口水库区构造应力场的数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,23(23):4017-4021.
刘锁旺,丁忠孝,1990.湖北省地震志.北京:地震出版社.
罗佳宏,马文涛,2016.三峡库区上地壳速度结构初步研究.地震地质,38(2):329-341.
邱瑞照,李廷栋,周肃,等,2006.中国大陆岩石圈物质组成及演化.北京:地质出版社.
田洋,谢国刚,王令占,等,2015.鄂西南齐岳山须家河组物源及构造背景:来自岩石学、地球化学和锆石年代学的制约.地球科学,40(12):2021-2036.
王清云,高士钧,2003.丹江口水库诱发地震研究.大地测量与地球动力学,23(1):103-106.
王振东,1988.浅层地震勘探应用技术.北京:地质出版社.
吴树仁,1994.长江三峡仙女山断层带微构造及变形环境探讨.地质科学,29(3):220-227.
夏金梧,李长安,曾新平,等,2008.三峡工程库首区高桥断裂特征与地震活动性研究.大地测量与地球动力学,28(2):8-15.
袁学诚,华九如,2011.华南岩石圈三维结构.中国地质,38(1):1-19.
张国伟,孟庆任,赖绍聪,1995.秦岭造山带的结构构造.中国科学(B辑),25(9):994-1003.
张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等,1996.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学:地球科学,26(3):193-200.
祖丽菲亚·尼亚孜,买买提·伊布拉音,王爱倩,等,2011.克孜尔水库跨断层形变变化速率的非均匀性特征分析.内陆地震,25(2):152-157.
Deng,K.,Zhou,S.,Wang,R.,et al.,2010.Evidence that the2008 Mw7.9Wenchuan Earthquake could not have been Induced by the Zipingpu Reservoir.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5B):2805-2814.
Dong,Y.P.,Zha,X.F.,Fu,M.Q.,et al.,2008.Characteristics of the Dabashan Fold-Thrust Nappe Structure at the Southern Margin of the Qinling,China.Geological Bulletin of China,27(9):1493-1508(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,X.D.,Yue,X.X.,Wang,Y.F.,et al.,2015.Discussion on Genesis of Induced Earthquake Based on Focal Mechanism in Xiangjiaba Reservoir Region.Seismology and Geology,37(2):565-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ge,S.,Liu,M.,Lu,N.,et al.,2009.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir Trigger the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake?Geophysical Research Letters,36(20):146-158.
He,Z.L.,Wang,X.W.,Li,S.J.,et al.,2011.Yanshan Movement and Its Influence on Petroleum Preservation in MiddleUpper Yangtze Region.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,33(1):1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,R.,Li,S.Q.,Wang,W.,et al.,2016.Source Characteristics of Tillite of the Nantuo Formation in Three Gorges,Northern Yangtze Block:Evidences from Zircon Ages and Geochemical Composition.Earth Science,41(10):1630-1654(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang,J.Q.,Ren,J.S.,Jiang,C.F.,et al.,1977.The Basic Outline of Tectonics in China.Chinese Journal of Geology,(2):117-135(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,W.P.,Meng,X.M.,2008.Application of Seismic Reflection Method in Shallow Layer Prospecting.Coal Geology of China,20(9):59-60,67(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei,D.N.,Cai,Y.J.,Qiao,Y.Q.,et al.,2012.Study on Tectonic Deformation and Quatenary Activity of Middle Segment of Baihe-Gucheng Fault Belt.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,32(5):41-47(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Y.H.,Cui,D.X.,Hao,M.,2015.GPS-Constrained Inversion of Slip Rate on Major Active Faults in the Northeastern Margin of Tibet Plateau.Earth Science,40(10):1767-1780(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Z.W.,1981.A Discussion about the Forming Conditions and Developing Trend of the Earthquake in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area.Northwestern Seismological Journal,3(2):78-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.,Steel,R.,Zhang,G.,2005.Mesozoic Sedimentary Basin Development and Tectonic Implication,Northern Yangtze Block,Eastern China,Record of ContinentContinent Collision.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,(25):9-27.
Liu,S.M.,Xu,L.H.,2004.Numerical Stimulation of Tectonic Stress Field at Danjiangkou Reservoir Area.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(23):4017-4021(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.W.,Ding,Z.X.,1990.Earthquake Record of Hubei Province.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
Luo,J.H.,Ma,W.T.,2016.A Preliminary Study on Upper Crustal Velocity Structure in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Seismology and Geology,38(2):329-341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mei,B.,Xu,T.,Zhang,Y.,2013.P-and S-Velocity Structure beneath the Three Gorges Region(Central China)from Local Earthquake Tomography.Geophysical Journal International,193(2):1035-1049.doi:10.1093/gji/ggt047
Qiu,R.Z.,Li,T.D.,Zhou,S.,et al.,2006.Material Composition and Evolution of Lithosphere in Mainland China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Tian,Y.,Xie,G.G.,Wang,L.Z.,et al.,2015.Provenance and Tectonic Settings of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Qiyueshan Area,Southwest Hubei:Evidence from Petrology,Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Ages of Clastic Rocks.Earth Science,40(12):2021-2036(in Chinese with English abstract).
van der Elst,N.J.,Savage,H.M.,Keranen,K.M.,et al.,2013Enhanced Remote Earthquake Triggering at FluidInjection Sites in the Midwestern United States.Science,341(341):164-167.doi:10.1126/science.1238948
Wang,Q.,Zhang,P.Z.,Freymueller,J.T.,et al.,2001.Present-Day Crustal Deformation in China Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements.Science,294(5542):574-577.doi:10.1126/science.1063647
Wang,Q.Y.,Gao,S.J.,2003.Research of Induced Earthquake at Danjiangkou Reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,23(1):103-106(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Z.D.,1988.Applied Technology of Shallow Seismic Exploration.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Weingarten,M.,Ge,S.,Godt,J.W.,et al.,2015.High-Rate Injection is Associated with the Increase in U.S.MidContinent Seismicity.Science,348(6241):1336-1340.doi:10.1126/scienk.aab1345
Wu,S.R.,1994.Study on the Microstructures and Deformational Environment of Xiannushan Fault Belt,East of Yangtze River Gorges.Scientia Geologica Sinica,29(3):220-227(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,J.W.,Li,C.A.,Zeng,X.P.,et al.,2008.Study on Characteristics and Seismic Activity of Gaoqiao Fault in Head Area of Three Gorges Reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(2):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,X.C.,Hua,J.R.,2011.3D Lithospheric Structure of South China.Geology in China,38(1):1-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,G.W.,Meng,Q.R.,Lai,S.C.,1995.Structural Framework of the Qinling Mountains Orogenic Belt.Science in China(Series B),25(9):994-1003(in Chinese).
Zhang,G.W.,Meng,Q.R.,Yu,Z.P.,et al.,1996.Orogenic Process and Dynamic Characteristics of the Qinling Mountains Orogenic Belt.Science China Earth Sciences,26(3):193-200(in Chinese).
Zhang,Z.,Bai,Z.,Mooney,W.,et al.,2009.Crustal Structure across the Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze Platform,Central China,from Seismic Refraction/Wideangle Reflection Data.Tectonophysics,475(3-4):423-437.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022
Zhang,Z.,Yang,L.,Teng,J.,et al.,2011.An Overview of the Earth Crust under China.Earth-Science Reviews,104(1-3):143-166.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022
Zou,Z.,Zhou,H.W.,Gurrola,H.,2014.Teleseismic VirtualSource Imaging of the Basin Structures in the Three Gorges Region,China.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,104(4):2141-2147.
Zulifeiya,N.,Maimaiti,Y.,Wang,A.Q.,et al.,2011.Analysis on Heteropical Characteristics of Cross-Fault Vertical Deformation Variation Speed in Kezir Reservoirs Dam.Inland Earthquake,25(2):152-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈蜀俊,刘锁旺,姚运生,等,2004.两郧断裂构造解析与第四纪滑动速率研究.大地测量与地球动力学,24(3):60-66.
董云鹏,查显峰,付明庆,等,2008.秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱-冲断推覆构造的特征.地质通报,27(9):1493-1508.
冯向东,岳秀霞,王曰凤,等,2015.由向家坝水库震源机制解探讨诱发地震的成因.地震地质,37(2):565-575.
何治亮,汪新伟,李双建,等,2011.中上扬子地区燕山运动及其对油气保存的影响.石油实验地质,33(1):1-11.
胡蓉,李双庆,王伟,等,2016.扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩的物源特征:锆石年龄和地球化学证据.地球科学,41(10):1630-1654.
黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等,1977.中国大地构造基本轮廓.地质学报,(2):117-135.
蒋维平,孟宪民,2008.地震反射波法在浅层勘探中的应用.中国煤炭地质,20(9):59-60,67.
雷东宁,蔡永建,乔岳强,等,2012.白河-谷城断裂带中段构造变形特征与第四纪活动性.大地测量与地球动力学,32(5):41-47.
李煜航,崔笃信,郝明,2015.利用GPS数据反演青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂滑动速率.地球科学,40(10):1767-1780.
李祖武,1981.丹江口水库区地震的形成条件与发展趋势的讨论.西北地震学报,3(2):78-88.
刘素梅,徐礼华,2004.丹江口水库区构造应力场的数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,23(23):4017-4021.
刘锁旺,丁忠孝,1990.湖北省地震志.北京:地震出版社.
罗佳宏,马文涛,2016.三峡库区上地壳速度结构初步研究.地震地质,38(2):329-341.
邱瑞照,李廷栋,周肃,等,2006.中国大陆岩石圈物质组成及演化.北京:地质出版社.
田洋,谢国刚,王令占,等,2015.鄂西南齐岳山须家河组物源及构造背景:来自岩石学、地球化学和锆石年代学的制约.地球科学,40(12):2021-2036.
王清云,高士钧,2003.丹江口水库诱发地震研究.大地测量与地球动力学,23(1):103-106.
王振东,1988.浅层地震勘探应用技术.北京:地质出版社.
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