猕猴桃青霉病病原菌鉴定及中草药提取物对其抑菌效果
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摘要
为了解决猕猴桃真菌病害导致的贮运难题,作者从湖南、陕西两个猕猴桃主产区采集的病果中分离获得青霉菌株Q-1,应用rDNA-ITS分子标记、BLASTn比对,结合传统真菌形态学鉴定,确定该致病菌为草酸青霉Pencillium oxalicum。利用带药培养基法筛选出对侵染猕猴桃的青霉菌有最佳抑制作用的中草药提取物,猕猴桃果实采后刺伤接种Q-1,研究中草药提取物对果实病斑直径的影响。结果表明:川芎、肉桂、高良姜的乙醇提取物对青霉均有较好的抑制效果,菌丝生长相对抑制率分别达到92.79%、77.67%、78.49%,其中以川芎的抑菌效果最佳。猕猴桃果实在贮藏期接种Q-1菌株后,中草药提取物处理可显著抑制果实病斑扩大。
The aim of this study is to solve the difficulties of fungal diseases in postharvest storage and transit of kiwifruit.The pathogen of kiwi penicilliosis was isolated from the diseased kiwifruit collected from main production areas of Hunan and Shaanxi provinces and was named Q-1.Based on rDNA-ITS sequence analysis,BLASTn alignment and traditional morphological identification,the pathogen was identified as Pencillium oxalicum.The Chinese herb extracts with the best inhibiting effects to Pencillium oxalicum were screened by drug-containing PDA plates,and their effects on controlling disease of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum were also investigated.The results showed that ethanol extracts of rhizoma ligusticum wallichii,cinnamon and galangal all had good inhibiting effects on P.oxalicum,with the inhibition ratio of 92.79%,77.67%,and 78.49% on mycelial growth,respectively,among which extract of rhizoma ligustici wallichii had the best antifungal activity.During kiwifruit storage,Chinese herb extracts treatment significantly decreased the lesion diameter of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum.
The aim of this study is to solve the difficulties of fungal diseases in postharvest storage and transit of kiwifruit.The pathogen of kiwi penicilliosis was isolated from the diseased kiwifruit collected from main production areas of Hunan and Shaanxi provinces and was named Q-1.Based on rDNA-ITS sequence analysis,BLASTn alignment and traditional morphological identification,the pathogen was identified as Pencillium oxalicum.The Chinese herb extracts with the best inhibiting effects to Pencillium oxalicum were screened by drug-containing PDA plates,and their effects on controlling disease of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum were also investigated.The results showed that ethanol extracts of rhizoma ligusticum wallichii,cinnamon and galangal all had good inhibiting effects on P.oxalicum,with the inhibition ratio of 92.79%,77.67%,and 78.49% on mycelial growth,respectively,among which extract of rhizoma ligustici wallichii had the best antifungal activity.During kiwifruit storage,Chinese herb extracts treatment significantly decreased the lesion diameter of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum.
引文
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[2]YU Ting,LI Hongye,ZHENG Xiaodong.Synergistic effect of chitosan and Cryptococcus laurentii on inhibition of Penicillium expansuminfections[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology 2007,114(3):261-266.
[3]曾荣,陈金印,张阿珊,等.植物提取液对柑桔采后青霉、绿霉抑菌活性的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2010,32(6):1142-1145.
[4]曾荣,张阿珊,陈金印,等.植物源防腐剂在果蔬保鲜中应用研究进展[J].中国食品学报,2011,7(4):161-165.
[5]陈玉环,彭旋,陈楚英,等.三颗针提取液复合涂膜对“纽荷尔”脐橙贮藏保鲜的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(3):469-475.
[6]张阿珊,曾荣,陈金印,等.丁香提取液对脐橙采后生理相关酶活性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(6):1067-1071.
[7]陈楚英,陈明,陈金印,等.壳聚糖涂膜对新余蜜橘常温贮藏保鲜效果的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1112-1117.
[8]段爱莉,雷玉山,孙翔宇,等.猕猴桃果实贮藏期主要真菌病害的rDNA-ITS鉴定及序列分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(4):810-818.
[9]吴新安.中草药提取物对几种植物病原菌的抗菌活性研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2002.
[10]孙伟,蒋红云,张燕宁,等.55种中草药提取物对2种植物病原菌的生物活性[J].植物保护,2011,37(3):124-127.
[11]陈年春.农药生物测定[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1991:176-781.
[12]陈仕江,丁伟,杨帮,等.10种中药植物对4种植物病原真菌的生物活性研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,3(18):311-314.
[13]慕立义.植物化学保护研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[14]朱玉燕,邬波龙,姜天甲,等.外源草酸对猕猴桃采后果实扩展青霉生长及展青霉素积累的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(2):298-303.
[15]赵金梅,高贵田,谷留杰,等.中华猕猴桃褐斑病病原鉴定及抑菌药剂筛选[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(23):4916-4925.
[16]李黎,陈美艳,张鹏,等.猕猴桃软腐病的病原菌鉴定[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(3):527-528.