线虫寄生对柞蚕幼虫生长发育和营养物质代谢的影响
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摘要
研究寄生线虫对柞蚕幼虫生长发育和营养物质代谢的影响,可以从生理生化角度揭示柞蚕寄生线虫的致病机制,明确线虫在柞蚕体内完成寄生生活史的生理生化调控机制。检测柞蚕5龄幼虫被线虫寄生后其生长发育速度、血淋巴营养物质含量和中肠蛋白酶活性,结果表明,柞蚕幼虫被线虫寄生6～11 d,其摄食量和体质量变化不明显,血淋巴总糖、海藻糖含量短暂性升高,随后便急剧下降,血淋巴蛋白质含量和酯酶活性升高,甘油酯含量降低,中肠蛋白酶活性极显著低于对照组;被寄生12～15 d,柞蚕摄食量升高、体质量增加,中肠蛋白酶活性升高,而血淋巴中总糖含量、海藻糖含量、海藻糖酶活性、甘油酯含量极显著低于对照组,说明此时是线虫迅速生长的时期,蚕体营养物质被线虫大量消耗;被寄生15 d后摄食量急剧下降,血淋巴中能源物质含量极显著降低,中肠蛋白酶活性极显著低于对照组。线虫寄生柞蚕幼虫后与寄主形成营养竞争关系,造成蚕体营养物质严重缺乏、消化能力减弱、生长发育迟缓。研究结果可为揭示线虫对柞蚕的致病机制以及利用索科线虫进行农林害虫的生物防治提供参考。
Studying the effect of nematode parasitization on development and nutrient metabolism of Antheraea pernyi larvae can uncover the infection mechanism of nematode,and elucidate the physiological and biochemical control mechanism of nematode parasitized in tussah silkworm. By determing the growth rate,nutritional substances content in hemolymph,and protease activity in midgut of A. penyi larvae of the 5 th instar parasitized by nematode,it was found that food intake and body weight of A. penyi larvae after parasitization for 6 to 11 days had no distinct changes,while total sugar and trehalose contents in hemolymph increased briefly and then decreased sharply. The protein content and esterase activity increased and the glyceride content decreased. The activity of midgut protease was significantly lower than that of control group. After parasitization for 12 to 15 days,food intake,body weight and activity of midgut protease of A. penyi larvae increased,while the total sugar content,trehalose content,trehalase activity and glyceride content in hemolymph were extremely significantly lower than that of the control group. The result indicated that it was the period of rapid growth of nematodes when the nutritional substances of A. penyi were consumed by nematodes. The food intake of larvae was decreased sharply after 15 days,the content of nutritional substances in hemolymph reduced drastically and the activity of midgut protease was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group. After nematode parasitized tussah silkworm larva,a nutritive competition relationship formed between nematode and its host,which caused serious deficiency of nutrients,digestion weakness,which slowed down the growth and development of tussah silkworm. These results can provide a reference for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of nematode parasitizing tussah silkworm and for studying biological control of agricultural and forestry pests using nematode.
Studying the effect of nematode parasitization on development and nutrient metabolism of Antheraea pernyi larvae can uncover the infection mechanism of nematode,and elucidate the physiological and biochemical control mechanism of nematode parasitized in tussah silkworm. By determing the growth rate,nutritional substances content in hemolymph,and protease activity in midgut of A. penyi larvae of the 5 th instar parasitized by nematode,it was found that food intake and body weight of A. penyi larvae after parasitization for 6 to 11 days had no distinct changes,while total sugar and trehalose contents in hemolymph increased briefly and then decreased sharply. The protein content and esterase activity increased and the glyceride content decreased. The activity of midgut protease was significantly lower than that of control group. After parasitization for 12 to 15 days,food intake,body weight and activity of midgut protease of A. penyi larvae increased,while the total sugar content,trehalose content,trehalase activity and glyceride content in hemolymph were extremely significantly lower than that of the control group. The result indicated that it was the period of rapid growth of nematodes when the nutritional substances of A. penyi were consumed by nematodes. The food intake of larvae was decreased sharply after 15 days,the content of nutritional substances in hemolymph reduced drastically and the activity of midgut protease was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group. After nematode parasitized tussah silkworm larva,a nutritive competition relationship formed between nematode and its host,which caused serious deficiency of nutrients,digestion weakness,which slowed down the growth and development of tussah silkworm. These results can provide a reference for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of nematode parasitizing tussah silkworm and for studying biological control of agricultural and forestry pests using nematode.
引文
[1] 辽宁省蚕业科学研究所.中国柞蚕[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2003:595-596
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[3] 李树英,秦利.柞蚕病理学[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2015:171
[4] 宋策.柞蚕寄生线虫及其防治技术的研究概况[J].蚕业科学,2012,38(6):1105-1109
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[11] 鲍学纯.凤城六索线虫新种记述[J].动物分类学报,1989,14(1):25-29
[12] 池内真吾.关于柞蚕寄生线虫的研究[J].满州农学会志,1943,4(3/4):495-511
[13] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.中国柞蚕寄生复索线虫生活史的初步研究[J].动物学报,1981,27(4):354-364
[14] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.柞蚕寄生线虫的生殖、胚胎发育的观察[J].辽宁农业科学,1981(6):43-45
[15] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.粗壮六索线虫生物学的初步观察[J].辽宁农业科学,1983(6):40-42
[16] 魏成贵,戚奎恩,吴佩玉.“灭线灵”2号防治柞蚕寄生线虫的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1980(5):19-21
[17] 张其苏,宋策,李喜升.“线绞清”残效期研究[J].北方蚕业,2005,26(1):34-35
[18] 李明堂,宋策,张其苏.“线绞清”生产应用效果调查[J].辽宁丝绸,2008(4):19
[19] 李明堂,宋策,张其苏.降雨对“线绞清”防治效果的影响试验[J].北方蚕业,2008,29(4):20-21
[20] 宋策,张其书,李喜升,等.新型药剂线蛟清对柞蚕线虫病的防治效果[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(1):147-152
[21] 贾姝,宋策,赫英姿,等.寄生线虫对昆虫及柞蚕生理生化指标的影响研究[J].北方蚕业,2015,36(4):5-9
[22] 肖猛.昆虫病原线虫侵染鳞翅目幼虫的血淋巴病理学[J].中国生物防治,2000,16(3):114-117
[23] 季香云,印杨毅,万年峰,等.淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂质含量的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(6):1637-1642
[24] 陈鹏,肖琳,史小丽,等.胞内海藻糖在CP02菌降解对苯二甲酸中的作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(5):977-980
[25] 李文香,王士军,路子云,等.中红侧沟茧蜂寄生对寄主粘虫血淋巴糖类、脂类和蛋白质含量的影响[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(1):34-40
[26] 李季生.蝇蛆寄生对家蚕生理生化的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006
[27] BRADFORD M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein untilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72(S1/S2):248-254
[28] 陈长琨.昆虫生理生化实验[M].北京:农业出版社,1996:57-60
[29] 王双,钟亮,王勇,等.高浓度CO2饲养环境对柞蚕3龄幼虫部分生理指标的影响[J].蚕业科学,2013,39(1):57-62
[30] 解娜,江幸福,罗礼智,等.Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白对粘虫中肠几种酶活性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(2):168-175
[31] 陈亚锋.寄生蜂与非适应性寄主之间的发育和免疫互作研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009
[32] 郑煜,廖成武,周雨,等.被混腔室茧蜂寄生后的桑螟幼虫体质量及血淋巴中营养物质含量测定[J].蚕业科学,2017,43(5):744-749
[33] HARVEY J A,POELMAN E H,GOLS R.Development and host utilization in Hyposoter ebeninus (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of Pieris rapae and P. brassicae caterpillars (Lepidoptera:Pieridae)[J].Biol Control,2010,53(3):312-318
[34] 丁晓帆,林茂松,刘亮山.几种昆虫病原线虫对大蜡螟幼虫血淋巴及其能源物质含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2005,28(3):43-47
[35] 熊正燕,周琼,苏旭.苍耳氯仿萃取物对粘虫的拒食作用及酶活性的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2010,33(1):120-123
[2] 秦利,李树英.中国柞蚕学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:101;410-411
[3] 李树英,秦利.柞蚕病理学[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2015:171
[4] 宋策.柞蚕寄生线虫及其防治技术的研究概况[J].蚕业科学,2012,38(6):1105-1109
[5] 王召棠.辽宁柞蚕寄生线虫Pernyimermis sp.生物学的初步观察[J].蚕业科学,1965,3(3):185-189
[6] 魏成贵.中国柞蚕寄生索科线虫(Mermithidae)分类的初步研究[J].动物分类学报,1982,7(3):233-239
[7] 伍惠生,严绍良,钱汉良.两索线虫属Amphimermi和复索线虫属Complexomermis在索科线虫中分类地位的探讨[J].动物分类学报,1983,8(3):331-332
[8] 辽宁省蚕业科学研究所.蚕业研究论文集[M].沈阳:辽宁省科学技术出版社,1997:615;622
[9] 钟玉林,王国秀.我国昆虫寄生索科线虫研究近况[J].中国生物防治,2001,17(1):35-39
[10] 魏成贵,戚奎恩,吴佩玉.柞蚕两索线虫的生活史观察[J].辽宁农业科学,1984(6):40-42
[11] 鲍学纯.凤城六索线虫新种记述[J].动物分类学报,1989,14(1):25-29
[12] 池内真吾.关于柞蚕寄生线虫的研究[J].满州农学会志,1943,4(3/4):495-511
[13] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.中国柞蚕寄生复索线虫生活史的初步研究[J].动物学报,1981,27(4):354-364
[14] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.柞蚕寄生线虫的生殖、胚胎发育的观察[J].辽宁农业科学,1981(6):43-45
[15] 魏成贵,吴佩玉.粗壮六索线虫生物学的初步观察[J].辽宁农业科学,1983(6):40-42
[16] 魏成贵,戚奎恩,吴佩玉.“灭线灵”2号防治柞蚕寄生线虫的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1980(5):19-21
[17] 张其苏,宋策,李喜升.“线绞清”残效期研究[J].北方蚕业,2005,26(1):34-35
[18] 李明堂,宋策,张其苏.“线绞清”生产应用效果调查[J].辽宁丝绸,2008(4):19
[19] 李明堂,宋策,张其苏.降雨对“线绞清”防治效果的影响试验[J].北方蚕业,2008,29(4):20-21
[20] 宋策,张其书,李喜升,等.新型药剂线蛟清对柞蚕线虫病的防治效果[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(1):147-152
[21] 贾姝,宋策,赫英姿,等.寄生线虫对昆虫及柞蚕生理生化指标的影响研究[J].北方蚕业,2015,36(4):5-9
[22] 肖猛.昆虫病原线虫侵染鳞翅目幼虫的血淋巴病理学[J].中国生物防治,2000,16(3):114-117
[23] 季香云,印杨毅,万年峰,等.淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂质含量的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50(6):1637-1642
[24] 陈鹏,肖琳,史小丽,等.胞内海藻糖在CP02菌降解对苯二甲酸中的作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(5):977-980
[25] 李文香,王士军,路子云,等.中红侧沟茧蜂寄生对寄主粘虫血淋巴糖类、脂类和蛋白质含量的影响[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(1):34-40
[26] 李季生.蝇蛆寄生对家蚕生理生化的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006
[27] BRADFORD M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein untilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Anal Biochem,1976,72(S1/S2):248-254
[28] 陈长琨.昆虫生理生化实验[M].北京:农业出版社,1996:57-60
[29] 王双,钟亮,王勇,等.高浓度CO2饲养环境对柞蚕3龄幼虫部分生理指标的影响[J].蚕业科学,2013,39(1):57-62
[30] 解娜,江幸福,罗礼智,等.Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白对粘虫中肠几种酶活性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(2):168-175
[31] 陈亚锋.寄生蜂与非适应性寄主之间的发育和免疫互作研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009
[32] 郑煜,廖成武,周雨,等.被混腔室茧蜂寄生后的桑螟幼虫体质量及血淋巴中营养物质含量测定[J].蚕业科学,2017,43(5):744-749
[33] HARVEY J A,POELMAN E H,GOLS R.Development and host utilization in Hyposoter ebeninus (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of Pieris rapae and P. brassicae caterpillars (Lepidoptera:Pieridae)[J].Biol Control,2010,53(3):312-318
[34] 丁晓帆,林茂松,刘亮山.几种昆虫病原线虫对大蜡螟幼虫血淋巴及其能源物质含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2005,28(3):43-47
[35] 熊正燕,周琼,苏旭.苍耳氯仿萃取物对粘虫的拒食作用及酶活性的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2010,33(1):120-123