2006-2015年江苏省尘肺病发病特征和变化趋势
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摘要
目的描述2006-2015年期间江苏省新发尘肺病的发病和分布情况,探讨其流行病学特征并提出防治建议。方法对江苏省10年尘肺病报告卡信息进行系统整理和描述性统计分析,统计维度包括尘肺病新发病例的年度、病种、地区、行业系统、经济类型、企业规模和工种分布以及平均发病工龄、发病年龄的总体年度变化趋势。结果 (1)2006-2015年,累计报告各类尘肺病新发病例8 088例,矽肺和煤工尘肺共占总病例数的88.5%。(2)无锡市1 809例(22.4%)和盐城市1 658例(20.5%)新发病例数最多。(3)病例主要分布在公共管理行业2 433例(30.1%)、国有经济4 761例(58.9%)以及小型企业3 570例(44.1%),工种以凿岩工为主,2 362例(29.2%)。(4)各类尘肺病新发病例的发病工龄中位数为14年,发病工龄总体呈缩短趋势。(5)各类尘肺病新发病例的发病年龄中位数为61岁,发病年龄总体呈缓慢上升趋势。结论江苏省尘肺病的发病在病种、地区、行业、企业规模和工种等方面呈现出明显的聚集性,发病工龄总体呈缩短趋势。应加强重点地区、重点行业尘肺病的防治工作。
Objective To describe the incidence and distribution of pneumoconiosis reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2015 and investigate the epidemiological trends and characteristics of pneumoconiosis to put forward the prevention and treatment recommendations. Methods The database of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu was subjected to systematic arrangement and descriptive statistical analysis. The statistical dimension included year, disease types, regions, industries,economic types, enterprise scales and work types distribution of new pneumoconiosis cases, and the annual change trend in mean length of service and mean age at the onset of pneumoconiosis. Results 1. From 2006 to 2015, 8 088 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported. Silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis accounted for 88.5% of the total cases. 2. The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in Wuxi(1 809 cases, 22.4%), and Yancheng(1 658 cases, 20.5%). 3. Most cases were distributed in public management industry(2 433 cases, 30.1%), state-owned economy(4 761 cases, 58.9%), as well as in small enterprises(3 570 cases, 44.1%). The mainly work types of these cases is drilling work(2 362 cases,29.2%).4.The mean length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis in new cases of pneumoconiosis was shortened from 2006 to2015, with a median length of service of 14.0 years. 5. The median age at the onset of pneumoconiosis was 61.0 years, and the mean age of onset increased. Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu province shows obvious aggregation in pneumoconiosis types, regions, industries, enterprise scales and work types, a marked shortening trend in length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis. In addition, the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in key regions and industries should be strengthened.
Objective To describe the incidence and distribution of pneumoconiosis reported in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2015 and investigate the epidemiological trends and characteristics of pneumoconiosis to put forward the prevention and treatment recommendations. Methods The database of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu was subjected to systematic arrangement and descriptive statistical analysis. The statistical dimension included year, disease types, regions, industries,economic types, enterprise scales and work types distribution of new pneumoconiosis cases, and the annual change trend in mean length of service and mean age at the onset of pneumoconiosis. Results 1. From 2006 to 2015, 8 088 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported. Silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis accounted for 88.5% of the total cases. 2. The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in Wuxi(1 809 cases, 22.4%), and Yancheng(1 658 cases, 20.5%). 3. Most cases were distributed in public management industry(2 433 cases, 30.1%), state-owned economy(4 761 cases, 58.9%), as well as in small enterprises(3 570 cases, 44.1%). The mainly work types of these cases is drilling work(2 362 cases,29.2%).4.The mean length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis in new cases of pneumoconiosis was shortened from 2006 to2015, with a median length of service of 14.0 years. 5. The median age at the onset of pneumoconiosis was 61.0 years, and the mean age of onset increased. Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu province shows obvious aggregation in pneumoconiosis types, regions, industries, enterprise scales and work types, a marked shortening trend in length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis. In addition, the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in key regions and industries should be strengthened.
引文
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[3]周鹏,谢丽庄,丁帮梅.2009~2013年江苏省尘肺病新发病例状况分析[J].现代医药卫生,2014,30(22):3402-3404.
[4]杨文海,谢峰,孙伟,等.2010-2014年宁夏职业性尘肺新发病例分析[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2016,38(8):912-914.
[5]郝海燕,李建国,刘惠田,等.河北省2001至2012年尘肺病发病特征与流行趋势[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2015,33(5):342-347.
[6]姜明.148名退伍坑道兵迟发性矽肺状况调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25(3):302-303.
[7]杨恩芹,王洪涛,菅向东.4103名退伍坑道兵晚发性矽肺调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2002,15(1):38-39.
[8]杨红,吴秋云,夏天南,等.江苏省煤矿企业职业卫生状况调查分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2009,35(1):32-35.
[9]朱国平,王峻涛.2004-2013年宜兴市新发尘肺病发病情况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(4):453-455.
[10]Turci F,Pavan C,Leinardi R,et al.Revisiting the paradigm of silica pathogenicity with synthetic quartz crystals:the role of crystallinity and surface disorder[J].Particle and Fibre Toxicology,2016,13(1):32.
[11]王丹,张敏,郑迎东.中国煤工尘肺发病水平的估算[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2013,31(1):24-29.
[12]张敏,李涛,杜燮祎,等.我国职业卫生标准体系研究[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2009,16(3):225-231.