中国南方古梯田的现状及开发保护对策
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摘要
以云南红河哈尼梯田、湖南新化紫鹊界梯田、广西龙胜龙脊梯田为代表的中国南方古梯田是中国古代劳动人民勤劳和智慧的结晶,是中国古代劳动人民尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然,与自然和谐相处的典范。随着经济社会的发展,中国南方古梯田面临日益严峻的生态环境挑战。中国南方古梯田开发和保护的对策是:以习近平生态文明思想为指导,注重人与自然和谐共生,走可持续发展的路子;以保护为前提,深入研究梯田灌区水源林的水资源涵养量,合理确定和调整林-寨-田的结构和面积;以保护为目的,通过恢复传统的农业生产方式,切实发展生态农业、绿色农业;以保护为手段,统筹规划,发展古梯田生态旅游业。
The ancient terraced fields in southern China,represented by Ha'ni terraces in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan,Ziquejie terraces in Xinhua of Hu'nan and Longji terraces in Longsheng County of Guangxi are the crystallization of the diligence and wisdom and the models of respecting nature,conforming to nature,protecting nature and living in harmony with nature of the working people in ancient China. Along with the social and economic development,the ancient terraced fields in southern China face increasingly severe challenges of ecological environment. The countermeasures for the development and protection of ancient terraced fields in southern China are that guided by Xi Jinping's Thought on ecological civilization to attach importance to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and adopt the sustainable development model; based on the protection,to have a further study on the water resources amount of water conservation of head-water forest in terraced irrigation area and rationally decide and adjust the structure and area of forest-village-farmland; for the purpose of protection,to effectively develop ecological agriculture and green agriculture through restoring traditional agricultural production methods and; by means of protection,to develop ecological tourism industry of ancient terraced fields by means of overall planning.
The ancient terraced fields in southern China,represented by Ha'ni terraces in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan,Ziquejie terraces in Xinhua of Hu'nan and Longji terraces in Longsheng County of Guangxi are the crystallization of the diligence and wisdom and the models of respecting nature,conforming to nature,protecting nature and living in harmony with nature of the working people in ancient China. Along with the social and economic development,the ancient terraced fields in southern China face increasingly severe challenges of ecological environment. The countermeasures for the development and protection of ancient terraced fields in southern China are that guided by Xi Jinping's Thought on ecological civilization to attach importance to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and adopt the sustainable development model; based on the protection,to have a further study on the water resources amount of water conservation of head-water forest in terraced irrigation area and rationally decide and adjust the structure and area of forest-village-farmland; for the purpose of protection,to effectively develop ecological agriculture and green agriculture through restoring traditional agricultural production methods and; by means of protection,to develop ecological tourism industry of ancient terraced fields by means of overall planning.
引文
[1] 姚云峰,王礼先.我国梯田的形成与发展[J].中国水土保持,1991(1):54-56.
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[3] 段兴凤,宋维峰,李英俊,等.湖南紫鹊界、云南元阳及广西龙脊古梯田研究进展[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(1):31-35.
[4] 何丽芳.打造与哈尼梯田媲美的观光胜景:论湖南紫鹊界梯田文化资源的旅游开发[J].农村经济与科技,2006(3):39-40.
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[12] 成官文,王敦球,秦立功,等.广西龙脊梯田景区生态旅游开发的生态环境保护[J].桂林工学院学报,2002,22(1):94-98.
[13] 岑先梅,杜俊义,徐娟玲.广西龙脊景区生态旅游资源评价[J].广西轻工业,2009(6):132-133.
[14] 付广华.生态环境与龙脊壮族村民的文化适应[J].民族研究,2008(2):38-46.
[15] 甘德钦,龙岳林,袁锡姿,等.紫鹊界梯田景区的生态旅游开发对策[J].经济地理,2007,27(6):1056-1058.
[16] 角媛梅,陈国栋,肖笃宁.亚热带山地梯田农业景观稳定性探析:以元阳哈尼梯田农业景观为例[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(2):55-60.
[17] 施惟达.从哈尼梯田的特点谈其保护[J].学术探索,2009(3):16-17.
[18] 肖曾艳.湖南紫鹊界梯田申请世界遗产SWOT分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2005,17(6):74-77.
[19] 张海燕.紫鹊界梯田生态旅游开发中存在的问题及对策探讨[J].科技经济市场,2007(7):84-85.
[20] 中共中央宣传部.习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想三十讲[M].北京:学习出版社,2018:242-251.
[2] 解明曙,庞薇.水土保持系统工程是我国山丘区建设新农村的生命线工程[J].中国水土保持,2007(5):5-8.
[3] 段兴凤,宋维峰,李英俊,等.湖南紫鹊界、云南元阳及广西龙脊古梯田研究进展[J].亚热带水土保持,2011,23(1):31-35.
[4] 何丽芳.打造与哈尼梯田媲美的观光胜景:论湖南紫鹊界梯田文化资源的旅游开发[J].农村经济与科技,2006(3):39-40.
[5] 史军超.大山里塑成的奇迹:元阳哈尼梯田申报世界遗产[J].今日民族,2001(4):4-10.
[6] 王清华.梯田文化论:哈尼族生态农业[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1999:1-13.
[7] 谭宁.龙脊古梯田稳定性及水循环系统研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2012:4-8.
[8] 付广华.龙脊壮族梯田文化的生态人类学考察[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2007:10-18.
[9] 角媛梅,陈国栋,肖笃宁.哈尼梯田文化景观及其保护研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(6):733-741.
[10] 王龙,王琳,杨保华,等.哈尼梯田水文化及其保护初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2007(8):42-44.
[11] 王清华.哀牢山哈尼族地区自然生态功能、生态服务系统及林权的演变[C]//云龙学术会议论文集.昆明:云南大学西南边疆少数民族研究中心,2003:161-170.
[12] 成官文,王敦球,秦立功,等.广西龙脊梯田景区生态旅游开发的生态环境保护[J].桂林工学院学报,2002,22(1):94-98.
[13] 岑先梅,杜俊义,徐娟玲.广西龙脊景区生态旅游资源评价[J].广西轻工业,2009(6):132-133.
[14] 付广华.生态环境与龙脊壮族村民的文化适应[J].民族研究,2008(2):38-46.
[15] 甘德钦,龙岳林,袁锡姿,等.紫鹊界梯田景区的生态旅游开发对策[J].经济地理,2007,27(6):1056-1058.
[16] 角媛梅,陈国栋,肖笃宁.亚热带山地梯田农业景观稳定性探析:以元阳哈尼梯田农业景观为例[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(2):55-60.
[17] 施惟达.从哈尼梯田的特点谈其保护[J].学术探索,2009(3):16-17.
[18] 肖曾艳.湖南紫鹊界梯田申请世界遗产SWOT分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2005,17(6):74-77.
[19] 张海燕.紫鹊界梯田生态旅游开发中存在的问题及对策探讨[J].科技经济市场,2007(7):84-85.
[20] 中共中央宣传部.习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想三十讲[M].北京:学习出版社,2018:242-251.
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